阅读说明：本技术 馈送材料处理装置以及用于在限定层高度中施加、分配和压实馈送材料的方法 (Feed material handling device and method for applying, distributing and compacting feed material in defined layer heights ) 是由 彼得·迈克尔·特罗斯特 曼努埃尔·赫希 芬恩·海威格 阿德里安·佩希纳 约翰内斯·加伦佐夫斯 于 2020-02-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种原料处理设备(10),其配置为以限定的层高度施加、分配和压实原料(1),特别是用于堤防、堤坝和/或道路施工,其中,该原料处理设备包括：底盘(20),其具有至少一个牵引驱动器(23)以及至少一个第一底架(21)和至少一个第二底架(22)；框架结构(30),其为原料处理设备提供工作宽度；材料馈送装置(40),其连接到框架结构或支撑在框架结构上；材料分配装置(50),其耦接到材料馈送装置并且能够在工作宽度上至少在某些区段上、特别是在工作宽度的中心区域移动,安装在框架结构上,并且能够在工作宽度内定位在多个施加位置；其中,材料分配装置配置为在工作宽度内的不同的、可预定的高度位置中将原料分层地施加在土地上,其中,原料处理设备还包括：控制装置,其配置为激活材料分配装置,特别是配置为设置被分层施加的原料的层厚度；压实装置(60),其可移位地安装在框架结构和/或材料分配装置上；并且在材料流方面连接到材料馈送装置；其中,控制装置还配置为在工作宽度内分别以彼此依赖的方式调节压实装置和材料分配装置的相应运动路径。本发明还涉及一种用于以限定的层高度施加、分配和压实原料(1)的方法。(The invention relates to a raw material processing apparatus (10) configured to apply, distribute and compact raw material (1) at a defined layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein the raw material processing apparatus comprises: a chassis (20) having at least one traction drive (23) and at least one first chassis (21) and at least one second chassis (22); a frame structure (30) providing a working width for the material handling apparatus; a material feed (40) connected to or supported on the frame structure; a material distribution device (50) which is coupled to the material feed device and which is movable over the working width at least over sections, in particular over a central region of the working width, is mounted on the frame structure and can be positioned within the working width at a plurality of application positions; wherein the material dispensing device is configured to apply the raw materials in layers on the ground in different, predeterminable height positions within the working width, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises: a control device configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of the raw material to be applied in layers; a compacting device (60) displaceably mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device; and is connected in terms of material flow to the material feed; wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device, respectively, in a mutually dependent manner within the working width. The invention also relates to a method for applying, distributing and compacting a raw material (1) with a defined layer height.)

1. A raw material processing apparatus (10) configured to apply, distribute and compact raw material (1) at a defined layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein the raw material processing apparatus comprises:

-a chassis (20) having at least one traction drive (23) and at least one first chassis (21) and at least one second chassis (22), at least one of the at least one first chassis (21) and the at least one second chassis (22) being coupled to the at least one traction drive;

-a frame structure (30) connecting the two chassis over a span width (x1) of the material processing apparatus and providing a working width (x2) for the material processing apparatus between the two chassis;

-a material feeding arrangement (40) coupled to or supported on the frame structure;

-a material dispensing device (50) coupled to the material feeding device, displaceable over the span width at least over sections, in particular over a central region of the span width, mounted on the frame structure, and positionable in a plurality of application positions within the span width;

characterized in that the material distribution device is configured to apply the raw material in layers on the ground at different, predeterminable height positions (zn) between the two chassis, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises:

-a control device (70) configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of raw material to be applied in layers;

-a compacting device (60) displaceably mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device and connected in material flow to the material feeding device;

-wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device, respectively, in a mutually dependent manner within the working width.

2. A raw material handling apparatus configured to apply, distribute and compact raw material at a defined layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein the raw material handling apparatus comprises:

-a chassis having at least one traction drive and at least one undercarriage;

-a frame structure providing a working width for the material handling apparatus;

-a material feeding device coupled to or supported on the frame structure;

-a material dispensing device, coupled to the material feeding device, displaceable at least over some sections, in particular over its central region, over the working width, mounted on the frame structure, and positionable in a plurality of application positions within the working width;

characterized in that the material dispensing device is configured to apply the raw material in layers on the ground at different, predeterminable height positions within the working width, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises:

-a control device configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of raw material to be applied in layers;

-a compacting device displaceably mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device and connected in material flow to the material feeding device;

-wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device, respectively, in a mutually dependent manner within the working width.

3. A material processing apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the chassis is an integral part of a chassis comprising at least one first chassis and at least one second chassis, wherein the frame structure is supported on the first and second chassis and defines a span width of the material processing apparatus and provides working widths for the material dispensing device and the compacting device between the chassis, the material dispensing device and the compacting device being displaceable on the frame structure within the working widths, respectively.

4. The feedstock processing apparatus according to claim 1 or the preceding claim, wherein the compacting device (60) or at least one compacting unit (63) of the compacting device is rotatably mounted, in particular about a height axis (z) or about a rotation axis inclined at an angle of less than 45 ° to the height axis, and wherein the control device (70) is further configured to set a steering deflection of the at least one compacting unit about the respective height axis/rotation axis; and/or wherein the compacting device or at least one compacting unit of the compacting device is mounted in a height-adjustable manner, and wherein the control device is further configured to set the height position (zn) or the inclination of the at least one compacting unit of the traction drive.

5. The feedstock processing apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the compacting device (60) has at least one or at least two compacting units (63), the compacting units (63) being in the form of drums or rollers, respectively, having at least one rolling axis, in particular in articulated stands, respectively, configured to align the compacting units for crab-like steering.

6. The raw material processing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compacting device has at least one compacting unit that is tiltable about a tilting axis relative to the horizontal plane (x, y).

7. The feedstock processing apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the material dispensing device (50) and the compacting device (60) are configured to dispense and compact the feedstock in a horizontal strip (2) over a predeterminable longitudinal extent; and/or wherein the raw material processing apparatus is configured to apply, distribute and compact the raw material (1) in a horizontal strip (2), the horizontal strip (2) being formed in rows one after the other in the advancing direction over the working width (x2), in particular in the case of a respective translational displacement of the material distribution device (50) and the compacting device (60) only in the width direction (x), in particular in a matrix-like movement path with a stepwise displacement of the chassis in the advancing direction.

8. A feedstock processing apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the compaction device has at least two compaction units (63) that are positionable or alignable relative to one another such that a path of movement of the compaction device exhibits crab-like turning.

9. A plant as claimed in any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the frame structure has at least one longitudinal member (38), the longitudinal member (38) extending at least approximately in the direction of advance of the traction drive and over a length corresponding to a multiple of the single horizontal strip (2) to be formed of the construction project to be formed or over a length corresponding to a multiple of the longitudinal length of a transverse member (35) of the frame structure mounting the material distribution and compaction means.

10. The raw material processing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the raw material processing apparatus (10) defines at least three material transfer points (P1, P2, P3) on the material flow path defined by the raw material processing apparatus from a delivery material transport unit (4) to the application point defined by a material distribution unit (53) of the material distribution device (50), in particular a first material transfer point (P1) from a first conveyor device (41), in particular a continuous conveyor, to a second conveyor device (42), in particular a continuous conveyor, a second material transfer point (P2) from the second conveyor device (42) to a third conveyor device (43), in particular a continuous conveyor, and a third material transfer point (P3) from the third conveyor device (43) to the material distribution device (50).

11. A method for applying, distributing and compacting a raw material (1) with a defined layer height (zn), in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, in particular by a raw material processing apparatus (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the raw material is conveyed by material feeding means (40) at least in certain sections along a frame structure (30) extending over a span width (x1) of the raw material processing apparatus; wherein the raw material is applied and distributed on the ground over a working width (x2) between at least two chassis (21, 22) by means of the material distribution device (50) displaceably mounted on the frame structure by positioning the material distribution device at or displacing the material distribution device along a plurality of application positions;

characterized in that the material distribution device for the layered application of the raw material on the ground is positioned at/displaced to different, predeterminable height positions (zn), wherein the material distribution device and the compacting device (60) are displaced in a mutually dependent manner along the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material distribution device, such that the raw material is applied and compacted layer by layer at the respective height positions within the working width between the at least two chassis.

12. A method for applying, distributing and compacting raw materials at a defined layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, in particular by a raw material treatment apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the raw materials are transported by material feeding devices at least in certain sections within a working width; wherein the raw material is applied and distributed on the ground within the working width by the material distribution device by positioning the material distribution device at or displacing the material distribution device along a plurality of application positions;

characterized in that the material distribution device for the layered application of the raw material on the ground is positioned/displaced into different, predeterminable height positions, wherein the material distribution device and the compacting device are displaced in a mutually dependent manner along the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material distribution device, such that the raw material is applied and compacted layer by layer at the respective height positions within the working width chassis.

13. The method of the preceding method claim, wherein the feedstock is applied and compacted within a working width between at least one first chassis and at least one second chassis, wherein the chassis supports a frame structure that extends over a span width over the working width, and the material dispensing device and the compacting device are located on the frame structure.

14. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein the movement paths of the material distribution device and the compacting device are provided as at least approximately symmetrically configured movement paths for a synchronous movement of the material distribution device and the compacting device over the working width (x2), in particular for a movement guided purely translationally on the frame structure (30), in particular transversely to the advancing direction (y), that is to say transversely to the desired longitudinal extent of the construction project to be erected.

15. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein, when no push/pull drive is at rest, the respective elevation levels of the construction work to be erected are each formed one after the other in a plurality of horizontal strips (2), in particular in a single predetermined elevation level (zn) of at least four or five horizontal strips, in particular each with an offset (Δ y) in the advancing direction between the horizontal strips of adjacent elevation levels; and/or wherein the individual height levels (zn) of the construction work to be erected are formed one after the other in a plurality of horizontal strips (2) respectively without advancing, wherein each horizontal strip is realized by a translational displacement of the material distribution device and the compacting device along a cross member (35) of the frame structure over the entire working width or over the target width of the construction work, in particular by a single unidirectional translational displacement of each horizontal strip, in particular by a one-dimensional displacement.

16. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein in a respective first phase a respective height level of the construction project to be erected is formed with respect to the advancing direction of the frame structure (30) by a bidirectional translational displacement along the frame structure over the working width, in particular with an offset in the advancing direction between changes in the direction of displacement, and in a respective second phase in the next height level a respective height level of the erected construction project is formed with an offset in the advancing direction and respectively with a bidirectional translational displacement direction opposite to the previously formed height level, in particular repeating both phases until the desired target height of the construction project is reached.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein the raw material is continuously transferred from the ground to an elevated material delivery point at three material transfer points (P1, P2, P3) on a material flow path, in particular: -at a first material transport point (P1) between the transport device (41) transported in height direction and the transport device (42) transported at least substantially horizontally along the frame structure, at a second material transport point (P2) between the transport device transported horizontally and the transfer transport device (43) transported at least substantially horizontally along the frame structure, and at a third material transfer point (P3), the third material transfer point (P3) being transported horizontally from the further transport device to the material distribution device (50); and/or wherein the raw material is applied, distributed and compacted in the form of horizontal strips arranged in a row one after the other in the advancing direction over the working width, in particular over a bidirectional movement path in the width direction over the entire working width, in particular in an alternating manner one behind the other.

18. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein first in a first phase a first section of the construction work/dike to be erected is erected over the entire target height of the dike, in particular over at least four height levels (zn), and then in a second phase further sections are erected over the target height, in particular along the entire longitudinal extent (y1) of the material treatment apparatus, in particular with horizontal strips (2), which horizontal strips (2) are offset relative to one another in the direction of advancement at the respective height levels, in particular when advancing only between two phases through a chassis/the chassis.

19. A raw material handling apparatus (10) configured to apply, distribute and compact raw material at a defined layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein the raw material handling apparatus comprises:

-a chassis having at least one traction drive and first and second chassis, at least one of the first and second chassis being coupled to the at least one traction drive;

-a frame structure connecting the two chassis over a span width of the material handling apparatus and providing a working width for the material handling apparatus;

-a material feeding device coupled to or supported on the frame structure;

-a material dispensing device, coupled to the material feeding device, displaceable at least over some sections over the span width, in particular over its central region, mounted on the frame structure, and positionable in a plurality of application positions;

characterized in that the material dispensing device is configured to apply the raw materials on the ground in layers at different, predeterminable height positions, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises:

-a control device configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of raw material to be applied in layers;

-a compacting device displaceably mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device and connected in material flow to the material feeding device;

-wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device in a mutually dependent manner;

-wherein the material dispensing device (50) has at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit (55), the 3D printing unit (55) being configured to apply the raw material layer by layer in a ready-to-use state.

20. A method for applying, distributing and compacting a raw material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, in particular by a raw material processing apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the raw material is transported by material feeding devices at least in certain sections along a frame structure extending over the span width of the raw material processing apparatus; wherein the raw material is applied and distributed over the ground over a working width by means of the material distribution device displaceably mounted on the frame structure by positioning the material distribution device at or displacing the material distribution device along a plurality of application positions;

characterized in that the material distribution device for the layered application of the raw material on the ground is positioned/displaced into different, predeterminable height positions, wherein the material distribution device and the compacting device are moved in a mutually dependent manner along the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material distribution device, such that the raw material is applied and compacted layer by layer.

Wherein the raw materials are applied by at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit (55), in particular by the raw materials or a mixture of at least two raw materials and optionally additionally by at least one additive and compacting the respective layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for depositing, distributing and compacting materials in a definable layer height, in particular for embankment or dike construction. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method according to the preambles of the respective independent or alternative independent claims.

Background

For various earthworks, raw materials must be stacked in accordance with a predetermined contour. This requirement is particularly present in dam construction. In order to be able to guarantee the strength required for stacking the raw materials over a long period of time, the respective profiles or materials may not/cannot be stacked all at once (that is to say, not above the desired final or target height), but must be applied at various stages in many use cases or in the case of many earthworks, experience showing that the raw materials must be compacted after each stage. Only in this way can the required stability or a specific compacting action be achieved, so that the required strength and resistance against e.g. water pressure is achieved.

Examples of the use of such earthworks where compaction/density of raw materials is very important are embankment and dam construction, or road and railway line construction, and in many cases, road and railway lines are erected on piled and compacted embankment dams.

In particular, there is interest in particularly time-saving and as far as possible at least partially automating embankments (e.g. dykes, embankments, railroad track embankments) or other earthworks constructions. Especially in the construction of dikes, the time window available for reparation or new construction is very narrow (key words: natural protection, flood control, storm surge risk).

Up to now, dikes and dikes have been erected with construction machines which are not very efficient and which can be automated only to a limited extent, so that a great deal of time and effort has to be spent for the respective construction. Examples of machines used so far: a crawler spreader with a raw material yield of, for example, 1500 tons/hour, a speed of, for example, 20 meters/minute, and a processing width of, for example, 12 meters to 15 meters; or: a single-drum vibratory roller with pedal drum for viscous materials or smooth drum for non-viscous materials. For the material flow, it is possible to use, for example, a height-adjustable material chute or a technique used when loading bulk cargo to a ship.

There is an interest in making earth works or other works with relatively high material throughput more time and cost efficient and as much as possible automated.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method which have the features described at the outset, by means of which the creation of particularly large-scale construction works can be simplified and made as efficient as possible, particularly in terms of time, particularly when using raw materials in the form of bulk goods. The object of the invention is in particular to efficiently carry out material deposition in a defined layer thickness time, in particular in dyke or dyke construction.

This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the independent patent claims. Advantageous exemplary embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, in particular according to a first aspect thereof, this object is achieved by a raw material treatment apparatus configured to deposit/apply, distribute and compact raw material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus comprises: -a chassis having at least one traction drive and at least one first chassis, at least one of the at least one first chassis and the at least one second chassis being coupled to the at least one traction drive; -a frame structure connecting the two chassis over a span width of the material handling device and providing a working width for the material handling device between the two chassis; -a material feeding device coupled to or supported on/in the frame structure; -a material distribution device, coupled to the material feed device, movable over at least some sections over the span width, in particular over a central region thereof, supported/mounted on the frame structure, and positionable at a plurality of application positions within the span width;

wherein the material distribution device is configured to deposit/apply raw material in layers on the ground at different, predeterminable height positions between the two underframe, in particular in order to form embankments/dikes/underpad surfaces, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises: a control device configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of the raw material to be applied in layers; -a compacting device displaceably supported/mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device and connected in material flow to the material feeding device; wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device, respectively, in a mutually dependent manner within the working width. This not only provides an advantage in terms of time, but also simplifies the material flow and the logistics. Such a device for depositing, distributing and compacting materials at a defined layer height allows in particular a very time-saving process, even in the case of very large construction works.

In this way, the raw material (viscous to non-viscous) can be applied in a defined layer thickness and compacted in the same process, in particular without a time delay or at least without additional movement paths, so that specific compaction values can be achieved, in particular also within the narrowest possible tolerance range.

In this respect, the term "connected in material flow" refers to a relative arrangement such that the individual components are arranged and configured to act or support the material flow in the material flow, in particular on the material flow path. In other words: the raw material provided by the material dispensing device may be used for or at least processed by the compacting device, in particular directly during application/dispensing of the raw material.

The framework structure is to be understood here as a collection of structural components which ensure the stability and the arrangement of the installation, including in particular trusses, beams, members, framework structures, supports, arms or similar structural components. In this respect, the frame structure may also feature, for example, a single vertical support (tower assembly). Here, the frame structure may comprise a closed or symmetrical structure (keyword: gantry) and an open or asymmetrical arrangement, such as a crane construction, which is arranged laterally beside the construction work and has a support column and one or more trusses mounted thereon.

It is also possible here to provide more than one material feed device (at least one material feed device).

The compacting device and the material distribution device can be moved in a manner dependent on one another along a predeterminable movement path, in particular in such a manner that the same batch of material is processed by both the material distribution device and the compacting device. Even in the case of a continuous process with a continuous flow of material, reference may be made here to batches, in particular by batches of material which are provided continuously or discontinuously with respect to a time window, in the sense that the material dispensing device and the compacting device are provided together and process a predetermined horizontal cross section.

A gantry assembly having a frame structure that completely spans a construction project to be erected is advantageous, but not essential, particularly in embankment construction. The above object is therefore also achieved by a raw material processing apparatus configured to deposit/apply, distribute and compact raw material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular for embankments, dikes and/or road constructions, wherein the raw material processing apparatus comprises: -a chassis having at least one traction drive and at least one undercarriage; -a frame structure providing a working width for the material handling equipment; -a material feeding device coupled to or supported on/in the frame structure; -a material distribution device, coupled to the material feed device, movable over at least some sections, in particular over a central region thereof, over the working width, supported/mounted on the frame structure, and positionable at a plurality of application positions within the working width;

wherein the material distribution device is configured to deposit/apply raw material in layers on the ground at different, predeterminable height positions within the working width, in particular in order to form banks/dikes/underpad, wherein the raw material treatment apparatus further comprises: a control device configured to activate the material dispensing device, in particular configured to set a layer thickness of the raw material to be applied in layers; -a compacting device displaceably supported/mounted on the frame structure and/or the material dispensing device and connected in material flow to the material feeding device; wherein the control device is further configured to adjust the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device, respectively, in a mutually dependent manner within the working width. This is also advantageous for example in the case of construction works which are accessible from one side only.

The base frame can here optionally be a component of a base frame comprising at least one first base frame and at least one second base frame, wherein a frame structure is supported on the first and second base frames and defines a span width of the material processing device, and a working width for the material distribution device and the compacting device is provided between the base frames, the material distribution device and the compacting device being displaceable on the frame structure within the working width each.

The apparatus according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of efficient ways for different earthworks without the need for long installation process training periods. A high degree of occupational safety can also be achieved here, in particular by reducing the traffic on the construction site or by a more concentrated material flow. Planning and recording of the construction progress can also be facilitated, in particular with the aid of integrated sensor systems and measurement techniques, for example in terms of spatially resolved material usage/material consumption.

It has been shown that with the device according to the invention, it is possible to integrate a number of separate, previously required work steps into one process, in particular into an integrated process for erecting a whole dam or dyke or barrier.

It has been shown that with the device according to the invention, the raw material (viscous to non-viscous) can be applied precisely and at the same time also effectively in a defined layer thickness and compacted in such a way that specific compaction values can be reproduced and achieved within narrow tolerances, in particular in combined working steps or in an integrated process.

The construction type according to the invention enables not only a high variability or flexibility of the process in terms of the geometry of the barrier or bank or the material accumulation (for example dykes). For example, the invention thus provides advantages in terms of program options and in terms of the utilization of available space, even in situations where the availability of space at the erection site is very disadvantageous.

Compaction rollers have been used for earthworks or road construction until now, but it is also not possible to feed and/or distribute raw materials in the process.

In particular in road construction, a so-called mortar bed is used independently of the working step of compacting, which mortar bed can distribute the raw material over the working width, in particular by means of a screw conveyor, and can also partially pre-compact the raw material. In this respect, however, it has hitherto been necessary to subsequently use a separate compaction roller as a separate working machine for subsequent compaction.

Time pressure, especially in dam construction: dikes cannot be erected or maintained/renovated, for example during periods of high wind, storm or river flood risk during the year. In many regions, strict time constraints must additionally be taken into account due to environmental regulations (keywords: breeding season, amphibian migration). In particular in dike construction, the invention allows a time and resource efficient process, in particular because at least two process steps which normally have to be performed separately can be performed together, in particular in the same movement, in particular on the same movement path, in particular simultaneously in a continuous manner.

Dikes are relatively complex earthworks and in many cases must be placed with a variety of different materials and must be compacted within a predetermined density range. Although there are also dams that have a homogeneous material composition at least in some parts, the ability of these dams to withstand high loads is rather small and therefore not intended for use in particularly high risk areas. The dike is typically divided into at least four regions of different composition and/or different density. In the case of dam construction activities, it is possible to distinguish between new dam constructions and dam reinforcement. In the new dam construction, the dam is preferably constructed longitudinally; this is usually carried out in at least six successive stages (I clearing and removing obstacles; II preparing the underlying surface; III removing/excavating the ground and leveling the ground; IV first embankment and stacking, including at least one first compaction, in particular at least four successive stages, each stage having a pile and a compaction; V application of at least one surface layer, optionally including at least one additional compaction; VI lining/covering of the embankment, in particular on the waterside), each with a corresponding expenditure of time and organization according to the sequence of the respective working steps. If more frequent or frequent reinforcement of the dike is required, parts of the old dike must be included in the construction activity. For this purpose, the construction machines available hitherto have to disadvantageously form openings, for example through the dike, in particular in order to obtain access to the dike on both sides for the construction activities. This type of dam shutdown entails high risks and requires strict and complex safety measures, for example in terms of strong winds or high flood levels, for example in terms of adequate buffering of the raw material. The invention allows to overcome these drawbacks in a simple and practical manner.

According to the invention, previously known systems or operating methods, in particular at least the stacking of raw materials on the one hand and the compacting of raw materials on the other hand, can now be combined with one another. Especially in the fourth stage of embankment construction (embankment, stacking and compaction) technical effort and time can be saved in this respect.

The components of the device according to the invention can also be described as follows. The raw material treatment plant comprises in particular: a frame structure or support structure configured to support and/or connect all components or subsystems of the device; a material feed configured to feed stock material to a processing/treatment point; a material dispensing device configured to dispense a raw material over a predetermined or settable working width; a control device configured to set a layer height of the treated/applied/layered feedstock, and optionally also configured to pre-compact the layered feedstock (e.g., by a ram/rammer/land compactor); at least one compaction device; a control device configured to activate at least one compacting unit, in particular to steer and/or align or pivot the compacting unit, or to adjust the compacting process.

In this respect, the control means comprise, for example, position, temperature, pressure, flow, humidity sensors and are configured to perform adjustments with respect to the respective measured parameters, in particular in order to be able to move the respective device synchronously with the material feed and/or to be able to compensate for deviations in the trajectory (movement path) caused, for example, by deviations on an inclined slope.

The operating mode of the device is described below by way of example:

the raw material is dispensed by a material dispensing device onto a desired working width and deposited by a controllable or adjustable material dispensing device at a predetermined desired placement height or layer thickness. In this case, the precompression may optionally also be carried out already, in particular by means of a known ram (for example in the road construction) and/or by means of at least one pressure bar. The pressure bars allow only a relatively low degree of compaction but offer the advantage that the raw material can be deposited in a very smooth or even/flat manner.

The raw material deposited in the defined layer height is then compacted by a compacting device, preferably by at least one compacting roller (compacting unit). The compacting device is preferably designed to be self-propelled; the compacting device preferably has at least one propulsion device (traction drive).

The at least one compacting unit can be aligned and/or oriented and/or rotated by means of at least one steering device, in particular in order to be able to travel around curves and trajectories or to modify the movement path. It has been shown that it is advantageous to use a compacting unit in the form of two compacting rollers, both of which can be oriented/adjusted/steered at an angle with respect to the supporting structure, in particular also able to achieve crab-like steering (dynamics synchronized with the rotational movement). This also makes it possible to position the dispensing unit in such a way that the newly applied layer can optimally be brought into close contact with or can be joined to the previously applied layer.

In crab steering, the front and rear wheels are both steered in the same direction, wherein the track can also be offset when driving straight ahead. This reduces the adverse effects on rutting, respectively, and also enables the vehicle or the device to be stabilized. Crab steering may also be optionally provided when the intention is to minimize compressive loads on the basis of a specific problem analysis or in certain parts. In particular, this makes it possible to use uniform compacting units also for different raw materials or different pressure set point values.

The frame structure may provide, for example, guides, in particular rails, for the transport unit. The frame structure may also provide mounting and support for the flow of material from the ground to the material dispensing unit. In this respect, the frame structure preferably makes it possible to provide supports on the ground on both sides of the construction work to be erected, that is to say in an arrangement which completely spans the construction work.

The raw material to be deposited is transported by at least one material conveying device, preferably at least one conveyor belt, to a first material transfer point. From there, in particular after a change in the material flow direction, the material is conveyed further by at least one further material conveying device to a movable material dispensing device (placement unit) and is removed there from the material conveying unit. The material transport unit, which transports the material further from the transfer point, is preferably at least simply length-adjustable.

In the depositing unit, the material to be deposited is dispensed over a desired working width and is applied by a dispensing device with a depositing height (layer thickness) that can be predetermined, adjustable or controllable. Alternatively, the pre-compaction of the tamper (see road paver) may also be carried out here.

The material deposited in the defined layer height is then compacted by a compacting device, preferably a compacting roller. The material dispensing device can be controlled and manipulated such that any deviations in the direction of travel (movement path) can be corrected, in particular also an optionally curved trajectory can be achieved. The material dispensing device can in particular be operated bidirectionally in two directions, wherein preferably two compacting units are provided, one upstream and one downstream of the material dispensing device. The height adjustment of the material distribution device makes it possible to set a desired working height, for example when renovating a dike. The entire system can be moved independently and in the process the inclination and the height difference are compensated for by an optional height compensation means.

A profile having a wide variety of parameters may be specified for the device via the input means. The recorded measurements from the sensors are used to record the placed material and the corresponding compaction parameters and values, in particular spatially resolved, respectively.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the compacting device or at least one compacting unit of the compacting device is rotatably mounted, in particular about a height axis or about a rotation axis inclined at an angle of less than 45 ° with respect to the height axis, and wherein the control device is further configured to set a steering deflection or rotation angle of the at least one compacting unit about the respective height axis/rotation axis. In this way, in addition to the horizontal plane/strip formed in a time-efficient manner, it is possible to form an inclined side of the construction work, or to apply and compact at a direction change point (reversal point for the displacement of the material dispensing/compacting device) on a curved movement path, for example in a continuous manner.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the compacting device or at least one compacting unit of the compacting device is mounted in a height-adjustable manner (adjustable with respect to the height direction), and wherein the control device is further configured to set the height position of the at least one compacting unit or additionally also the inclination of the at least one compacting unit. In this way, the manner of compaction can also be finely adjusted, for example in terms of the density of the applied material, in particular before the material is compacted.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the compacting device has at least one or at least two compacting units, each in the form of a drum or a roller with at least one rolling axis, in particular in articulated stands, respectively, which are configured to align the compacting units for crab-like steering. This also makes it possible to promote good connection between the various layers.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the compacting device has at least one compacting unit which can be tilted about a tilting axis relative to a horizontal plane. This facilitates, for example, compaction of the inclined surface, particularly in dike construction.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the compacting device and/or the material dispensing device may each be moved without contact with the ground, in particular in a suspended arrangement on a traction device suspended on the frame structure, in particular via at least one winch in a height-adjustable manner. This also allows great freedom of movement.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the compacting device has a drive configured from a self-propelled (self-propelled) compacting device. This also makes it possible to minimize the forces acting on the frame structure and to efficiently transfer the propulsive force. In this connection, the drive device may, for example, act on the axis of the respective compaction unit of the compaction device.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the material dispensing device is configured to dispense the raw material over the entire working width, in particular in a predeterminable height position, in particular over a height of at least a few meters, in particular at least five or ten meters, respectively.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the material dispensing device and the compacting device are configured to dispense and compact raw material in/on a horizontal bar with a predeterminable longitudinal extent (cross-sectional width). This facilitates the grid-like, matrix-like process of the system; this process can be carried out in a particularly efficient manner. The material processing apparatus may be configured to apply, distribute and compact the material in horizontal strips forming a row one after the other in the direction of advancement over the working width, in particular in the case of a respective translational displacement of the material distribution device and the compacting device only in the width direction, in particular in the case of a matrix-like movement path with a stepwise displacement of the chassis in the direction of advancement. This also facilitates support in terms of significant inertial forces and reaction moments. In particular, displacement in only one direction (one dimension) may in this respect allow for a relatively fast displacement and an efficient process.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the compacting device has at least two compacting units, which can be positioned or aligned relative to one another such that the movement path of the compacting device exhibits crab-like turning.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the material dispensing device and the compacting device can be positioned in a plurality of height positions over a height of at least 5m or at least 10m, in particular in a mutually dependent manner or at a mutually predeterminable distance in terms of height, respectively, in the relative height positions.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the span width is at least 35m or at least 55 m; and/or wherein the first chassis and the second chassis each define a working width laterally outward; and/or wherein the stock processing apparatus defines/has a working width which is at least 50% or at least 75%, in particular at least 50m, of the span width of the stock processing apparatus. This facilitates the handling of large amounts of material (maximizing material throughput) even when the available space is limited.

Exemplary material throughputs are, for example, in the range of 600 to 1500t/h [ tons/hour ]. The specific achievable material throughput may also depend on the compactibility of the raw materials or on the requirements of the compaction values depending on the field of use (embankment construction, road construction, noise protection barriers).

An exemplary time window for building a dike of height 5m to 10m, in relation to the respective longitudinal section of the dike that can be spanned, in particular before the traction drive should generate further propulsive force: for each longitudinal section spanned by the apparatus, for example in the range of about one hour.

For example, at about 30 ° (internal friction angle below which solid or bulk fillers can withstand the load without having to accommodate a high risk of sliding) and a travel distance of 20m (exemplary translational degrees of freedom of movement of the device without generating a propulsive force in the chassis), the material requirements are that about 1300m must be allowed. At a specific weight of sand (about 1.2 to 1.4 t/m)³) A mass of about 1700 tonnes must be allowed. According to the invention, a time of approximately 1 to 1.2 hours should be provided for this purpose, for example. After this time window, the device can be moved by pushing in to the next longitudinal position in order to form another longitudinal section of the dyke.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the frame structure has at least one longitudinal component which extends at least approximately in the direction of advance of the traction drive and extends over a length corresponding to a multiple of the number of individual horizontal strips to be formed of the construction project to be formed or over a length corresponding to a multiple of the longitudinal length of the cross components of the installation material distribution device and the compacting device of the frame structure. This facilitates the creation of a single horizontal section of the construction project without the frame structure having to be displaced relative to the ground during the process. This provides high stability even in the case of a comparatively large moving mass.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the working width of the raw material processing apparatus may be set, in particular by means of a translation guide formed on the frame structure; and/or wherein the feedstock processing apparatus is configured to form an earthwork from a feedstock having a triangular or trapezoidal cross-sectional geometry.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the stock-processing apparatus is designed symmetrically with respect to the working/advancing direction, in particular with two supports to be arranged/arranged on mutually opposite sides of the working width, in particular with each support having a base frame. This may also promote a good utilization of the available space, in particular over the entire span width (maximum working width).

According to an exemplary embodiment, the frame structure is of modular design, in particular in the form of a connectable construction with a plurality of connectable frame elements, in particular in the form of a steel construction, in particular in the form of a frame structure. This also simplifies adaptation of the device to the dimensions and geometry of the construction work to be installed.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the raw material processing apparatus defines at least three material transfer points on a material flow path defined by the raw material processing apparatus from a delivery material transport unit (e.g. a truck) to an application point defined by the material distribution unit, in particular a first material transfer point from a first conveyor device, in particular a continuous transport, to a second conveyor device, in particular a continuous transport, a second material transfer point from the second conveyor device to a third conveyor device, in particular a continuous transport, and a third material transfer point from the third conveyor device to the material distribution unit/material distribution device. The extent to which the material is deposited continuously or discontinuously at the point of application can then be set individually by the material dispensing device. The feedstock is preferably deposited continuously by a continuous translational displacement of the material dispensing device.

The conveying means can be designed in particular as a continuous conveying and an adjustable conveyor belt, respectively. A respective transport unit can be arranged in the material transfer point. The redirection or realignment of the material flow direction, respectively, can also take place in the material transfer point. This allows a relatively high transfer speed in as little as possible a single direction, that is to say with minimized inertial forces. In this regard, the material flow path may begin at a delivery material transport unit (of a different system), such as a truck, particularly by batch-wise conveying the feedstock to the first conveying device.

The conveying device may be designed in particular according to at least one of the following designs or be installed in a corresponding configuration:

the conveyor/conveyor belt runs on or is guided along the frame structure on top of the frame structure;

the cross-members are suspended below the frame structure, hooking the frame structure like a trolley or a roller coaster;

the cross-member runs alongside the frame structure.

The material transport is preferably carried out by means of a continuously movable transport device/transport unit (e.g. a discharge carriage, a deflector, a rotary disk) in each case.

According to a variant, the movable cross-member is completely omitted, in particular with regard to as few movable parts as possible. Alternatively, at least one movable cross member may optionally be provided, depending on the requirements and the particular application.

According to the invention, the above object is also achieved by a method for depositing/applying, distributing and compacting a raw material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, in particular by a raw material treatment plant as described above, wherein the raw material is transported by material feeding devices at least in certain sections along a frame structure extending over the span width of the raw material treatment plant; wherein the material is applied and dispensed onto the ground over a working width between at least two of the chassis by positioning or moving the material dispensing device at or along a plurality of application positions by a material dispensing device movably mounted on the frame structure; in this case, the material distribution device for the layered deposition/application of raw materials on the ground is positioned/displaced into different, predeterminable height positions, in particular for forming banks/dikes/underpads between at least two sub-frames within the working width, wherein the material distribution device and the compacting device are moved in a mutually dependent manner along the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material distribution device, such that the raw materials are applied and compacted layer by layer at the respective height positions within the sub-frames of the working width. This results in the advantages described above.

A gantry assembly having a frame structure that completely spans a construction project to be erected is advantageous, but not essential, particularly in embankment construction. The above object is therefore also achieved by a method for depositing/applying, distributing and compacting raw materials at a defined layer height, in particular for embankments, dikes and/or road constructions, in particular by a raw material treatment plant as described above, wherein the raw materials are transported in at least some sections within the working width by means of a material feed; wherein the material is applied and distributed to the ground within the working width by the material distribution device by positioning the material distribution device at or moving the material distribution device along a plurality of application positions; in this case, the material distribution device for the layered deposition/application of raw materials on the ground is positioned/displaced into different, predeterminable height positions, in particular for the formation of dykes/dikes/underpads within the working width, wherein the material distribution device and the compacting device are moved in a mutually dependent manner along the respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material distribution device, such that the raw materials are applied and compacted layer by layer at the respective height positions within the working width base frame.

Optionally, in the process, the stock may be applied and compacted within a working width between at least one first chassis and at least one second chassis, wherein the chassis supports a frame structure, the frame structure extends over a span width over the working width, and the material dispensing device and the compacting device are located on the frame structure.

According to one embodiment, the cross members are applied and compacted between at least two base frames, which respectively support the frame structure at the sides of the working width and optionally also below the frame structure, that is to say without offset in the advancing direction.

According to one embodiment, the movement paths of the material distribution device and the compacting device are provided as at least approximately symmetrically configured movement paths for a synchronous movement of the material distribution device and the compacting device over the working width, in particular for a purely translationally guided movement on the frame structure, in particular transversely (at least approximately orthogonally) to the advance direction, that is to say transversely to the desired longitudinal extent of the construction work to be erected. This provides a further synergy when coupling/integrating the two processes into a single work step.

According to one embodiment, the respective height levels of the construction work to be erected are respectively produced one after the other in a plurality of horizontal strips, in particular in a single predetermined height level of at least four or five horizontal strips, in particular each with an offset in the advancing direction between the horizontal strips of adjacent height levels, when the propulsion/traction drive is at rest; and/or wherein the respective height level of the construction work to be erected is produced one after the other in a plurality of horizontal strips, respectively, without advancing, wherein each horizontal strip is realized by a translational displacement of the material distribution device and the compacting device on a cross member of the frame structure over the entire working width of the shrinkage work or over the target width of the shrinkage work, in particular by a single unidirectional translational displacement, in particular by a one-dimensional displacement, of each horizontal strip. This enables an efficient process to be ensured even with relatively large mass forces and inertial forces.

The respective height level of the construction work to be erected can be formed in a respective first phase one after the other in an advancing direction (application and compaction) relative to the advancing direction of the frame structure as a plurality of horizontal strips, in particular with a predetermined number of at least six to eight horizontal strips (wherein the number of horizontal strips depends in particular on the longitudinal length of the longitudinal members of the frame structure), and in a respective second phase in a subsequent longitudinal section likewise in height level, in particular repeating these two steps until a desired target height of the construction work is reached, in particular with an offset in the advancing direction between the horizontal strips of adjacent height levels, in particular when no advancement is performed.

According to one embodiment, in a respective first phase, a respective height level of the construction project to be erected is formed with respect to the advancing direction of the frame structure by a bidirectional translational displacement along the frame structure over the working width, in particular an offset of the advancing direction between changes of the displacement direction, and in a respective second phase in the next height level, with an offset in the advancing direction and respectively with a bidirectional translational displacement direction opposite to the previously formed height level, in particular repeating both phases, until the desired target height of the construction project is reached. This also allows good stability, for example when using a roller as the compacting unit. This also makes a particularly efficient process possible.

According to one embodiment, at least one material from the following group is used as raw material: cohesive soils, sludges, clays, bulk materials, soils, stones, sand, gravel, sand gravel mixtures, concrete, cave animal protection materials (in particular coarse, sharp-edged crushed stones), topsoil; and/or wherein a plurality of raw materials, in particular at least one first raw material from the following group, are treated and applied in layers: cohesive soils, sludges, clays, bulk materials, soils, stones, sand, gravel, sand gravel mixtures, concrete, cave animal protection materials, topsoil; and at least one second feedstock from the group consisting of: cohesive soils, silt, clay, bulk materials, soils, stone, sand, gravel, sand gravel mixtures, concrete, cave animal protection materials, topsoil. Optionally, at least one additive may/may have been mixed with the raw material. The metal material can also be mixed, for example, in particular in the case of reinforcing or supporting or hardening or reinforcing or structuring of the raw material. In this way, different degrees of stiffness or force flow lines/areas may also optionally be generated/specified in the construction project to be created.

According to one embodiment, the raw material is transferred continuously from the ground to an elevated material delivery point (defined by the material distribution device) on the material flow path at three material transfer points, in particular: at a first material transfer point between the (first) conveyor device conveyed in the height direction and the (second) conveyor device conveyed at least approximately horizontally along the frame structure, at a second material transfer point between the horizontally conveyed conveyor device and a further (third) conveyor device conveyed at least approximately horizontally along the frame structure, and at a third material transfer point from the horizontally conveyed further conveyor device to the material distribution device. In this respect, the material transfer point may optionally also provide a buffer function, for example by means of a silo arranged there. By means of a plurality of material transfer points, a continuous or almost continuous material flow can be flexibly controlled and adapted to the construction process, for example even in the case of fault conditions or brief interruptions of application and compaction.

Here, the three material transfer points may all be provided by the material feeding device. The material transfer is preferably carried out in a continuous manner.

According to one embodiment, the raw material is applied, distributed and compacted (in particular in a serpentine shape) in horizontal strips arranged one after the other in the advancing direction over the working width, in particular over a bidirectional movement path in the width direction over the entire working width, in particular in alternating fashion one behind the other. This also helps systematization of the process, thereby helping traceability and documentation.

According to one embodiment, first a first section of the bank is erected over the entire target height of the bank in a first stage, in particular over at least four height levels or at least four levels, and then in a second stage further sections are erected over the target height, in particular respectively along the entire longitudinal extent of the material processing apparatus, in particular with horizontal strips which are offset relative to one another in the advancing direction/longitudinal direction at the respective level/height level, in particular when advancing only between two stages by means of the chassis/chassis.

According to the invention, the above object is also solved by a control device configured to carry out the above method, wherein the control device is coupled at least to the material feeding device, the material dispensing device and the compacting device, in particular a control device configured to regulate the material flow and the movement path over the at least three component material feeding device, the material dispensing device and the compacting device in a mutually dependent manner. This results in the advantages described above.

According to the invention, the above object is also achieved by using a material processing device for applying, distributing and compacting material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular a material processing device as described above, for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein at least one compacting device and at least one material distributing device are activated and adjusted in a position-dependent manner with respect to each other such that material in the respective layer is applied and compacted in a combined process on an adjusted movement path of the material distributing device and the compacting device. This results in the advantages described above.

According to the invention, in particular according to the second aspect of the invention, the above object is also achieved by an apparatus as described above, wherein the material dispensing apparatus has at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit, the 3D printing unit being configured to apply the raw material in layers in the ready to use state. According to this (second) aspect of the invention, it is possible to carry out an independent method of a machine for automatically applying and directly compacting a material in a defined layer to produce a predetermined profile (for example for embankment construction), wherein said application is in particular carried out by at least one 3D printing unit, in particular by processing the raw material during application (not only pouring the bulk material, but also processing the material, in particular in a continuous manner).

In the case of an arrangement of this type, it is also advantageous, but not necessary, to have a portal frame assembly that completely spans the frame structure of the construction work to be erected, in particular in dam construction.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the chassis may be an integral part of a chassis comprising at least one first chassis and at least one second chassis, wherein a frame structure is supported on the first chassis and the second chassis and defines a span width of the stock processing apparatus, and a working width for the material dispensing device and the compacting device is provided between the chassis, the material dispensing device and the compacting device being displaceable on the frame structure within the working width each. In this way, the original single-sided configuration can be converted into a gantry configuration in a similar way to the modification described above according to the first aspect.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the at least one 3D printing unit has a temperature control unit and/or a pressure generating unit. This allows for alternative (post) processing of the material depending on the type of raw material used. This also makes it possible to facilitate the compaction process.

The temperature control unit and/or the pressure generating unit may also be provided independently of the 3D printing unit.

The compactibility of the feedstock depends, for example, on the water content. The temperature can optionally be controlled, for example, in connection with construction work that must be performed when the outdoor temperature is in the freezing region. The temperature of the feedstock may then be previously controlled. This makes it possible, for example, to facilitate the installation of construction works also in critical situations (for example, in emergency situations in disaster situations), or to avoid storm tides in the winter.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the at least one 3D printing unit has a feeder, in particular a mixer, for the additive or additional supplementary material. This makes it possible to set further process parameters.

The additive feed may also be provided independently of the 3D printing unit.

For example, water may be added. The feeding device for the additive may also optionally have at least one nozzle and is coupled to the material flow path, in particular upstream of the compacting unit.

According to the invention, in particular according to the second aspect of the invention, the above object is also achieved by the above method, wherein the raw material is applied by at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit, in particular by additionally applying and compacting the respective layer by means of the raw material or a mixture of at least two raw materials and optionally by means of at least one additive. This results in the advantages described above. In this regard, for example, at least one additive manufacturing process ("additive manufacturing process-base, definition, process description") according to the process defined/standardized in the standard/guideline VDI3405 may be used.

A gantry assembly having a frame structure that completely spans a construction project to be erected is advantageous, but not essential, particularly in embankment construction. The above object is therefore also achieved by a method for depositing/applying, distributing and compacting raw materials at a defined layer height, in particular for embankments, dikes and/or road constructions, in particular by a raw material treatment plant as described above, wherein the raw materials are transported in at least some sections within the working width by means of a material feed; wherein the material is applied and distributed to the ground within the working width by the material distribution device by positioning the material distribution device at or moving the material distribution device along a plurality of application positions; wherein a material dispensing device for the layered deposition/application of raw materials on the ground is positioned/displaced into different, predeterminable height positions, in particular for the formation of dykes/dikes/underpads within the working width, wherein the material dispensing device and the compacting device are moved in a mutually dependent manner along respective movement paths of the compacting device and the material dispensing device such that the raw materials are applied and compacted layer by layer at the respective height positions within the working width chassis, wherein the raw materials are applied by at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit, in particular by the raw materials or a mixture of at least two raw materials and optionally additionally by at least one additive, and the respective layers are applied and compacted.

Optionally, in the process, the stock may be applied and compacted within a working width between at least one first chassis and at least one second chassis, wherein the chassis supports a frame structure, the frame structure extends over a span width over the working width, and the material dispensing device and the compacting device are located on the frame structure.

According to one embodiment, the raw material is applied by continuously feeding the feedstock to the 3D printing unit with an at least approximately constant material throughput through at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit. In this way, a time synergy can also be achieved in terms of generating a large area with a translational, continuous displacement on the frame structure.

According to one embodiment, the raw material is applied in a compacted manner by at least one material dispensing unit in the form of a 3D printing unit, such that the raw material is subjected to a second compaction by the compaction device. By means of the 3D printing unit, the raw material may be applied in a pre-compacted state, for example also by adding additives or additional supplementary materials. On the one hand, a very efficient material flow, in particular a material flow based on bulk goods, in particular with a high throughput, can thus be ensured, and on the other hand, the bulk goods can be applied and compacted according to the individual requirements of the construction project to be erected. The 3D printing unit allows for process variations and may also be used in combination with at least one conventional (non-printing, non-add-on application) material dispensing unit.

According to one embodiment, a material dispensing unit (e.g., a 3D printing unit) is activated in such a way that the raw material is built layer by layer, with a first layer forming a base or support structure for additional layers built thereon. In particular, this also opens up a process combination for the application of bulk materials.

According to one embodiment, the applied feedstock is pre-compacted during application by the 3D printing unit performing a thermal and/or pressure process. Pressure treatment is preferably understood here to mean a pressure treatment by a fluid, that is to say not by mechanical pressure. This makes it possible to further individualize the raw material or the mixture of raw materials with respect to the desired function of the individual parts of the construction project. In dam construction, for example, the side facing the water and the side facing away from the water perform different functions and should also have different structures or strengths, if appropriate, so that by combining several different types of material distribution units in one material distribution device, several process variations can be opened up.

According to one embodiment, the raw material applied by the 3D printing unit is compacted in such a way that another height level/layer can be produced directly on the applied layer (in particular without the need for adhesion to cooling or curing times). This makes it possible to secure a further advantage in terms of time.

According to the invention, the above object is also achieved by the above control device configured to set a material throughput for an application by 3D printing. This results in the advantages described above.

According to the invention, the above object is also achieved by using a material processing device for applying, distributing and compacting a material at a defined/definable layer height, in particular a material processing device as described above, for embankment, embankment and/or road construction, wherein at least one compacting device and at least one material distribution device are activated and adjusted in a position-dependent manner with respect to each other such that the material in the respective layer is applied and compacted in a combined process on an adjusted movement path of the material distribution device and the compacting device, wherein the material is applied in the respective layer by at least one material distribution unit of the material distribution device in the form of a 3D printing unit. This results in the advantages described above.

Drawings

Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description of at least one exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, respectively in a schematic view,

FIG. 1 shows a side view of components of a feedstock processing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 2A and 2B show plan views of a material dispensing device of a material processing apparatus;

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B show side and plan views of a material dispensing device and a compacting device of a material handling apparatus;

fig. 6 shows a side view of a compacting device of the material processing installation, which is arranged at a corresponding height level on the ground or on the layer to be compacted;

fig. 7, 8 show respective perspective views of a feedstock processing apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9A shows a plan view of a feedstock processing apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9B illustrates a side view of an advantageous manner of layering and forming a construction project in horizontal strips according to one embodiment;

fig. 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B show three different perspective views (2x side view, 1x plan view) of a feedstock processing apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment;

fig. 13 shows an advantageous sequence of a method according to an embodiment.

For reference numerals not explicitly described for a single figure, reference is made to the other figures.

Detailed Description

For easier understanding, the drawings are first described with reference to all reference numerals. The details or specific features shown in the various figures are described separately.

In order to erect a dike or dam or construction project 3 on the ground 80, the raw material 1 is used, the raw material 1 preferably being applied and compacted in a separate horizontal strip 2. The construction work is then carried out in individual horizontal sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.12, 3.n, in particular in, for example, five or six horizontal sections per level zn (here, six horizontal sections per level).

First, the material must arrive at the job site. For this purpose material transport units, in particular trucks 4 (in particular batch delivery) may be used. The raw material may then be fed to the raw material treatment apparatus 10 for treatment by the material feed unit 5, in particular a dump truck.

The material processing plant 10 comprises a chassis 20, the chassis 20 having at least one chassis, in particular a first chassis 21, in particular a crawler chassis, and a further (second) chassis 22, in particular a crawler chassis. A plurality of (first, second) traction drives 23, 24 may be provided, one for each undercarriage. The frame structure 30 has at least one support, in particular a first support 31 (in particular a vertically aligned support), and has at least one further (second) support 32 (in particular a vertically aligned support), preferably each support having a height adjustment device 33, the height adjustment device 33 in particular a hydraulic drive/actuator 34, the frame structure 30 providing support for a cross member 35 (support structure or part thereof), at least one tool/device being movably mounted on the cross member 35 via a fastening device 37, in particular for translational relative movement. In this respect, the frame structure 30 may be designed in a modular manner from individual modular frame elements 36. The frame structure 30 may also have one or more longitudinal members 38. One or more guides 39, in particular translation guides, may be provided on the frame structure 30, in particular also for mounting the material flow modules.

The material feed device 40 ensures a material flow from the material transport unit 4 up to the application point, and in one of the embodiments shown here the material feed device 40 comprises a first conveyor device 41, a second conveyor device 42 and a third conveyor device 43 (in particular in the form of conveyor belts, respectively) and a first conveyor unit 44, a second conveyor unit 45 and a third conveyor unit 46 (in particular in the form of a trolley or dumper). The further conveying unit 47 can be designed in particular as a screw conveyor and is provided for the material flow at the application point. A height adjustable material chute 48 may also be provided.

The material dispensing device 50 ensures the dispensing of the material at the application site and comprises at least one winch 51 and a pulling device 52 as well as a material dispensing unit 53, in particular in the form of a 3D printing unit 55 or a material dispensing unit 53 with a 3D printing unit 55. The alignment of the compacting units can be set, optimized or cyclically continuously adjusted by means of a turning mechanism 54 (key words: crab-like steering). The control steps for crab steering are shown, for example, in fig. 13 (in particular S23, S31, S32, S33, S41).

The compacting device 60 ensures the compaction of the material, in particular directly at the application point or just upstream and/or downstream thereof, and comprises a turning drive 61 or a steering device, at least one compacting unit 63 (in particular in the form of a jolt roller or compacting roller), a grader 65 and at least one drive 66 for the autonomous propulsion of the compacting device.

A control device 70 for controlling/regulating the method is coupled to the at least one sensor 71 and comprises a material flow control unit 73 and is configured to actuate at least one joint 75 arranged on the material flow path or the respective pivot axis.

The material transfer can be carried out in particular in three transfer points (in particular with a continuous material flow each): a first material transfer point P1, a second material transfer point P2, and a third material transfer point P3.

The method may be described by the following steps:

material flow of S0 from P1 to P3

Material transfer in S01P 1, especially by continuous pouring

Material transfer in S02P 2, especially by continuous pouring

Material transfer in S03P 3, especially by continuous pouring

S04 adjusting material throughput during transport

S10 applying the raw material

S11 adjusting Material throughput when applying raw Material

S20 compacting the raw material

S21 compaction upstream of the raw material application point

S22 compaction downstream of the feedstock application point

S23 actuating, in particular driving/rotating, at least one compacting unit

S30 advancing of material dispensing device and compacting device

S31 widthwise propulsion

S32 propulsion in working direction

S33 setting the moving path of the compacting unit

S40 height positioning and height adjustment

S41 Tilt Compensation

S50 setting application direction and/or longitudinal offset

S60 Propulsion of Chassis (traction drive) in working Direction

S61 advancing according to the preset longitudinal section of the construction project to be erected

The length and size indications are explained as follows:

a width direction x, a working or propulsion direction y, a height or height direction z (in particular a vertical direction or a direction of gravity). The span width x1 of the device is greater than the working width x2 of the device. The length y1 of the apparatus may be selected according to the construction project to be formed. The longitudinal extent y2 of the material dispensing device/material dispensing unit makes it possible to define the width of the horizontal strip that can be applied by the material dispensing device.

Fig. 2B, 3B, 4B, 10B, 11B, 12B show perspective views of the apparatus shown in corresponding fig. 2A, 3A, 4A, 10A, 11A, 12A, respectively.

Fig. 1 shows a frame structure 30 spanned over a span x1 and having one or more cross members 35, which cross members 35 are supported on two or four supports 31, 32 in the base frames 21, 22, respectively. Fig. 7, 8 also show such a structural assembly, which in each case has two oppositely disposed longitudinal members 38, the longitudinal members 38 extending at least approximately parallel to one another.

Fig. 2A shows the installation of the material distribution device 50 in an arrangement surrounding the frame structure 35. This also provides a high degree of safety and makes the mounting stable even for high moments of inertia.

Fig. 3A shows a functional integration of the material distribution device 50 and the compacting device 60, wherein the height-adjustable coupling is realized in particular via a pulling device 52 located in a central arrangement below the material chute 48.

Fig. 4A shows a compacting device 60 comprising two compacting units 63, each of which is rotatably mounted around a separate axis of rotation by means of a rotating mechanism 54 in the form of a roller, wherein the distribution and compaction process can be adjusted by means of a screw conveyor 47 and one or more graders 65.

Fig. 5 shows the overlap y3 of one roller 63 in the advancing direction y. The movement path of the compacting device is aligned in the direction x. The two compacting units 63 are arranged with respect to each other with an offset Δ y from each other greater than the overlap y 3.

The rotary drive 61 and the drive 66 of the compacting unit 63 are shown in detail in fig. 6. The material distribution unit 53 is arranged on the material flow path, for example in the form of a screw conveyor. The application of material may be regulated by the grader 65 or by a material flow control unit 73 mounted around at least one joint 75.

The arrangement shown in fig. 7 features a symmetrical assembly with a rectangular base region and four chassis. The longitudinal length of the member 38 is in the region of about one third of the length of the two oppositely disposed cross members 35 in the width direction. The material distribution device 50 and the compacting device 60 are arranged between them on a further cross member 35 which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction. A comparable arrangement is shown in fig. 8, but with only one cross member 35.

Fig. 9A shows the material flow path M1 up to the point of application, and also shows the material flow path M2 defined by the path of movement of the material dispensing device: the movement path M2 of the material dispensing device is meandering in this case, wherein the reversal points are arranged in a matrix-like manner between the individual unidirectional, in particular one-dimensional, movements.

Fig. 9B shows individual horizontal strips 2 or horizontal sections 3.1, 3.6 and 3.7, 3.12, each applied in a desired layer thickness. In this example, five individual height positions zn are provided above the target height z3 of the construction project, between which respective y offsets are achieved, for example corresponding to a y offset of half the width of the horizontal section.

Fig. 10A, 11A show material flow using an example of the configuration according to fig. 8. The longitudinal extent y2 is, for example, in the range from 2m to 5 m. At the three material transfer points P1, P2, P3, there is a reversal or change of direction of the respective direction of the movement path and optionally also a material buffer. In this case, the material transfer upward in the height direction only has to proceed to the first material transfer point P1. Other portions of the material flow path are aligned substantially horizontally (at least approximately) at the same elevation level (except for any desired elevation difference at the transition points P2, P3).

Fig. 12A also shows a material flow unit 49, in particular in the form of a material chute and/or silo, by means of which the material flow can be regulated or aligned and/or buffered. Corresponding material flow units 49 can also be provided at further material transfer points (P1, P2).

Fig. 13 generally depicts an operational mode in which the material dispensing device and at least one compacting unit (or the path of movement thereof) may be controlled in relation to each other and in accordance with the material flow. Here, the movement path of the individual compacting units may correspond to the movement path of the material dispensing device and may optionally be further differentiated on this movement path (optionally case-dependent directional/tilt compensation).

List of reference numerals

1 starting material

2 horizontal strip

3 dikes or dams

3.1, 3.2,. 3.12, 3.N horizontal sections

4 material transport device, in particular truck

5 feeding device, in particular dump truck

10 raw material processing apparatus

20 base plate

21 (first) undercarriage, in particular crawler undercarriage

22 additional (second) undercarriage, in particular crawler undercarriage

23 (first) traction drive

24 additional (second) traction drive

30 frame structure

31 in particular vertically aligned (first) supports

32 in particular vertically aligned further (second) supports

33 height adjusting device

34 drive/actuator, in particular for a hydraulic height adjustment device

35 structural member, in particular cross-member (part of the supporting structure)

36 Modular frame element

37 fastening device for at least one tool/device, in particular for translational relative movement

38 longitudinal member

39 guide, in particular translation guide

40 material feeding device

41 (first) conveying device, in particular conveyor belt

42 additional (second) conveying device, in particular conveyor belt

43 additional (third) conveying device, in particular conveyor belt

44 (first) transport unit, in particular a trolley

45 additional (second) conveying unit, in particular a discharge carriage

46 additional (third) conveying units, in particular discharge carriages

47 additional (fourth) conveying unit, in particular screw conveyor

48 material chute with adjustable height

49 material flow unit

50 material dispensing device

51 capstan

52 traction device

53 Material dispensing Unit

54 slewing mechanism

553D printing unit

60 compacting device

61 slewing drive or steering device

63 compacting unit, in particular vibratory or compacting roller

65 land leveler

66 drive for automatically advancing a compacting device

70 control device

71 sensor

73 material flow control unit

75 joints or pivot axes

80 land

Material flow path of M1 to application point

M2 material flow path defined by the motion path of the material dispensing device

P1 first Material transfer Point, in particular continuous Material flow

P2 second Material transfer Point, in particular continuous Material flow

P3 third Material transfer Point, particularly continuous Material flow

Material flow of S0 from P1 to P3

Material transfer in S01P 1, especially by continuous pouring

Material transfer in S02P 2, especially by continuous pouring

Material transfer in S03P 3, especially by continuous pouring

S04 adjusting material throughput during transport

S10 applying the raw material

S11 adjusting Material throughput when applying raw Material

S20 compacting the raw material

S21 compaction upstream of the raw material application point

S22 compaction downstream of the feedstock application point

S23 actuating, in particular driving/rotating, at least one compacting unit

S30 advancing of material dispensing device and compacting device

S31 widthwise propulsion

S32 propulsion in working direction

S34 setting the moving path of the compacting unit

S40 height positioning and height adjustment

S41 Tilt Compensation

S50 setting application direction and/or longitudinal offset

S60 Propulsion of Chassis (traction drive) in working Direction

S61 advancing according to the preset longitudinal section of the construction project to be erected

x width or width direction

Span width of x1 instrument

Working width of x2 instrument

y working or propulsion direction

y1 Instrument Length

y2 longitudinal extent of the distribution device

y3 overlap

Deviation of Δ y compacting means or deviation of horizontal strip

z height or height direction (especially vertical or gravity direction)

Target height of z3 embankment or construction work

zn each height position