阅读说明：本技术 一种超高压辅助法提取绣球菌多糖的工艺 (Process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method ) 是由 王国强 陈美英 何绍东 于 2019-12-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超高压辅助法提取绣球菌多糖的工艺,包括以下步骤：将新鲜绣球菌通过物理挤压的方式进行脱水处理；将经过脱水处理后的绣球菌进行粉碎处理；取粉碎的绣球菌,加入纤维素酶、纯水得混合液,加入pH调节剂调pH 4.5~5.5后进行超高压处理,得绣球菌粗多糖提取液；超高压处理压力为200~500Mpa,温度为30~50℃,时间5~10 min；将绣球菌粗多糖提取液经过灭酶、浓缩、醇沉、干燥后即制得绣球菌粗多糖。本发明的一种超高压辅助法提取绣球菌多糖的工艺,在进行多糖提取前通过物理挤压的方式进行脱水,克服现有技术干燥脱水的弊端；同时采用酶解配合超高压辅助的方式提取多糖,工艺条件可控,多糖提取率高。(The invention discloses a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method, which comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode; crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa; adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and performing ultrahigh pressure treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the ultrahigh pressure treatment pressure is 200-500 Mpa, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min; the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract is subjected to enzyme deactivation, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide. According to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method, the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide is dehydrated in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydrating in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting an enzymolysis and ultrahigh pressure auxiliary mode, the process condition is controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.)

1. A process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;

crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;

adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and performing ultrahigh pressure treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the ultrahigh pressure treatment pressure is 200-500 Mpa, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min;

and (3) inactivating enzyme, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, and drying the Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extract to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide.

2. The process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of Sparassis crispa to pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution.

3. The process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator is citric acid.

4. The process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 70-85% of water of fresh Sparassis crispa can be removed by dehydration treatment.

5. The process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and before the dehydration treatment, the fresh sparassis crispa is washed and drained.

6. The process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of Sparassis crispa after the pulverization treatment is 10-20 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of food,

in particular, the invention relates to a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method.

Background

Sparassis crispa, also called Sparassis crispa and Sparassis crispa, has white or milk yellow fruiting body, plump shape like Sparassis crispa, and is crystal clear, white, tender and soft. Because the natural wild resources are scarce in storage amount and the artificial cultivation difficulty is high, the mushroom is called as the king of Wangu mushroom and is one of the most famous edible and medicinal fungi in the world. Because of its ultra-high ability to activate immunity, it is called "fantasy miracle" in Japan. Common mushrooms grow on the shade, and the hydrangea mushrooms need more than 10 hours of irradiation every day and are the only 'sunshine mushrooms' in the world.

The Sparassis crispa is characterized by containing a large amount of β glucan, according to the analysis of the Japanese food analysis center, each 100 g of Sparassis crispa contains β -glucan which is 43.6g higher than that of lucid ganoderma and agaricus blazei murrill by 3-4 times, so that β -glucan contained in Sparassis crispa is the best of mushrooms, glucan is polysaccharide formed by polymerizing glucose monomers, is divided into α type and β type, and α type glucan such as starch and the like is a main source of body energy and has no biological activity, and β type glucan is a biological active substance and has multiple functions of immunoregulation, tumor resistance, inflammation resistance, virus resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, blood sugar reduction, blood fat reduction, liver protection and the like which are proved by medical research.

At present, there are many researches on the extraction of polysaccharide components in sparassis crispa, and the common method is to grind fresh sparassis crispa into bacterial powder after hot air or freeze drying, and then extract the bacterial powder by hot water or alkali liquor, so that the yield of extracted polysaccharide is limited, and the energy consumption in the drying process is higher. In addition, the hot air drying has high drying temperature, so that on one hand, the energy consumption is high, and on the other hand, the hot air drying temperature is high, so that the high temperature can damage active substances in the sparassis crispa and influence the extraction rate of polysaccharide in the sparassis crispa. Although the freeze drying has mild conditions and can better retain active substances in the sparassis crispa, the freeze drying has low drying efficiency and high cost and is not suitable for large-scale production and application.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method.

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method comprises the following steps:

dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;

crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;

adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and performing ultrahigh pressure treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the ultrahigh pressure treatment pressure is 200-500 Mpa, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min;

and (3) inactivating enzyme, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, and drying the Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extract to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the sparassis crispa to the pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution.

Preferably, the pH adjusting agent is citric acid.

Preferably, 70-85% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa can be removed through the dehydration treatment.

Preferably, the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method further comprises the following steps of: and before the dehydration treatment, the fresh sparassis crispa is washed and drained.

Preferably, the particle size of the Sparassis crispa after the grinding treatment is 10-20 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:

according to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method, the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide is dehydrated in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydrating in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting an enzymolysis and ultrahigh pressure auxiliary mode, the process condition is controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;

(2) crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;

(3) adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and performing ultrahigh pressure treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the ultrahigh pressure treatment pressure is 200-500 Mpa, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min;

(4) the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract is subjected to enzyme deactivation, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide.

Preferably, before the dehydration treatment, the method further comprises the steps of cleaning and draining the fresh sparassis crispa to remove impurities such as soil on the fresh sparassis crispa. The water content of the fresh sparassis crispa is more than 90%, and 70-85% of water of the fresh sparassis crispa can be removed through the dehydration treatment in the step (1). According to the method, the fresh sparassis crispa is dehydrated in a physical extrusion mode, the defects of the traditional hot air drying or freeze drying dehydration are overcome, active substances in the fresh sparassis crispa can be retained to the maximum extent, the operation is simple, the energy consumption is low, and the method can be applied in a large scale in batches; and the physical dehydration degree can meet the requirements of subsequent treatment.

And (3) after the crushing treatment in the step (2), passing through a mesh screen with the particle size of 10-20 mm, wherein the particle size of the sparassis crispa is 10-20 mm.

The mass ratio of the sparassis crispa to the pure water in the mixed solution in the step (3) is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution. In order to ensure the activity of the cellulase, the ultrahigh pressure treatment temperature is preferably 30-50 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid.

The polysaccharide is extracted by the enzymolysis in the step (3) and the ultrahigh pressure treatment process, so that the defects of long time consumption and low efficiency of pure enzyme extraction can be overcome; meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring the high activity of the cellulase, the ultrahigh pressure treatment condition is utilized to obtain higher polysaccharide extraction rate in a shorter time.

And (4) inactivating enzyme, centrifuging, concentrating under reduced pressure, precipitating with 75% ethanol, centrifuging, and drying to obtain crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide. Inactivating enzyme in 100 deg.C hot water for 5 min. The content of polysaccharide in the sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide is measured by adopting a method of NY/T1676-.

According to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the ultrahigh pressure auxiliary method, the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide is dehydrated in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydrating in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting an enzymolysis and ultrahigh pressure auxiliary mode, the process condition is controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.

The following is a further description with reference to specific examples.