阅读说明：本技术 金属的铸造 (Casting of metals ) 是由 M.贾思特 H.拉门希 于 2019-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及金属的铸造,提供了通过冷室方法在压力下铸造金属,优选轻金属的方法和装置。所述方法包括以下步骤：将待铸造的金属的棒材放置在至少两个铸造室之一中；将铸造室进给并引入压铸机,铸造室分别具有一个出口开口,铸造室的进给和更换从至少两个已有的铸造室交替地进行；借助于感应加热棒材,其中,铸造室中棒材的熔融在铸造室进给和引入压铸机之后,但是在铸造室的出口开口打开以填充型腔完成之前进行。(The present invention relates to the casting of metals and provides a method and apparatus for casting metals, preferably light metals, under pressure by the cold chamber method. The method comprises the following steps: placing a bar of metal to be cast in one of at least two casting chambers; feeding and introducing the casting chambers into a die casting machine, the casting chambers each having an outlet opening, the feeding and the changing of the casting chambers being performed alternately from at least two existing casting chambers; the bar is heated by means of induction, wherein the melting of the bar in the casting chamber takes place after the feeding and introduction of the casting chamber into the die-casting machine, but before the opening of the outlet of the casting chamber for filling the die cavity is completed.)

1. Method for casting metal, preferably light metal, under pressure by the cold chamber method, comprising the steps of:

● placing a bar of metal to be cast in one of at least two casting chambers,

●, the casting chambers each having an outlet opening, are fed and introduced into the die-casting machine, the feeding and replacement of the casting chambers being carried out alternately from at least two existing casting chambers,

● the bar is heated by means of induction,

characterized in that the melting of the bars in the casting chamber takes place after the feeding and introduction of the casting chamber into the die-casting machine, but before the opening of the outlet of the casting chamber to fill the die cavity is completed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the final melting of the rod is carried out by induction.

3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating of the bar is carried out to just below the liquidus temperature of the bar before the feeding and introduction into the die casting machine.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after the placement of the bar, the casting chamber is completely closed, preferably with the casting piston.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a closing system opens the outlet opening in the casting chamber before the metal to be cast is cast into the mould cavity to be filled.

6. Device (1) for casting metal, preferably light metal, under pressure by means of a cold chamber method, preferably for implementing a method according to one of the preceding claims, said device (1) comprising a die casting machine (10), a feeder (11) and a changer, characterized in that said device (1) comprises at least two casting chambers (2), said casting chambers (2) being fed to said die casting machine (10) by means of said feeder (11), and said casting chambers (2) being preferably alternately changed by means of said changer between said feeder (11) and said die casting machine (10).

7. Device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that said casting chamber (2) comprises an induction heating element (3).

8. Device (1) according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the casting chambers (2) each comprise a closing system (6) which closes the outlet opening (8) in the casting chamber (2) and opens the outlet opening (8) shortly before the filling of the mould cavity.

9. The device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a piston coupling system (7) and the casting chambers (2) each comprise a casting piston (4), the casting pistons (4) being connected to the die casting machine (10) by the piston coupling system (7) when the casting chamber (2) is changed from the feeder (11) into the die casting machine (10) by means of the changer.

10. The device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the casting chambers (2) are arranged in a closed circuit with respect to each other and are fed alternately to the die casting machine (10).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for casting metal, preferably light metal, under pressure by means of a cold chamber method, comprising a die-casting machine, a feeder and a changer, wherein a rod (bolt) of the metal to be cast is placed in a casting chamber and fed into the die-casting machine and introduced.

Background

Methods and devices for casting metals under pressure are known in the art and are preferably used for light metals.

In the cold chamber method, the die casting machine and the melting furnace are arranged separately from each other, and a desired melt melted in the melting furnace is manually or automatically fed to a casting chamber in the die casting machine.

This method requires a high energy consumption, since the furnace is configured for larger quantities, usually relatively larger quantities are melted in the furnace, and a smaller charge needs to be correspondingly increased to the amount required by the furnace. If the casting does not immediately require the full amount of melt, then these amounts of melt must be kept hot accordingly. This requires additional energy to keep the melt hot, as well as additional logistics and personnel expenditures. All this requires a high expenditure of energy and a corresponding additional cost. In addition, it has a negative impact on alloy diversity.

DE 10043717a1 discloses a method and a device in which a supply space or press preheats the material, which is supplied as a rod and is subsequently transferred through a channel into a casting chamber.

EP 0936010a1 discloses a method in which the melt is transferred into a casting chamber heated by induction, so that undesirable temperature gradients do not occur. However, the melt here also needs to be melted before entering the furnace.

In such casting chambers with direct introduction of liquid melt, it is also disadvantageous that the casting chamber can only be partially filled due to the horizontally and vertically arranged inlet openings and the liquid state of the metal to be cast, so that during pressing of the melt into the mold cavity by means of the casting piston, air inclusions occur in particular in the alloy, which have a negative effect on the quality of the cast parts.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and associated method that reduces energy consumption and makes it possible to cast smaller alloy charges, thus also allowing for greater alloy diversity and improving part quality.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the method for casting metal, preferably light metal, under pressure by means of a cold chamber process comprises the following steps:

● placing a bar of metal to be cast in one of at least two casting chambers,

●, the casting chambers are fed and introduced into the die-casting machine, the casting chambers each have an outlet opening, the feeding and replacement of the casting chambers are carried out alternately from at least two existing casting chambers,

● the bar is heated by means of induction,

characterized in that the melting of the bars in the casting chamber takes place after the feeding and introduction of the casting chamber into the die-casting machine, but before the opening of the outlet of the casting chamber for filling the die cavity is completed.

Because the metal to be cast is placed as a bar in one of the at least two casting chambers and then melted, a small charge of metal alloy for relatively low volume cast parts can also be cast. This allows for a more accurate adjustment of the amount of melt required, since there is no need to fill the furnace to obtain a corresponding amount of melt to operate the furnace, and it avoids re-melting of the metal for further charging. This in turn leads to energy savings and avoids multiple melting of the resulting residual material. Higher alloy diversity can also be cast because the amount of alloy can be well adjusted to the batch of parts to be cast. A casting chamber in which a bar of metal to be cast (preferably light metal) is placed is fed into a die casting machine. The changer is used to introduce the casting chamber into the die casting machine, by means of which the removal of the casting chamber is also carried out. The feeding and the replacement of the casting chamber into and out of the die casting machine are carried out on the basis of at least two casting chambers provided in the device, the replacement process being carried out alternately. Of course, the device may also comprise more than two casting chambers, which are fed to the die-casting machine and alternately removed. This allows for a fast die casting process, since the casting chamber heats the metal just below the liquidus temperature before feeding to the die casting machine, and melting of the bar into a liquid state takes place in the die casting machine. By heating the metal in the casting chamber by induction, precise and rapid heating is possible. This means that the bar of metal to be cast, preferably a light metal bar, is completely melted in the casting chamber only after the latter is fed and introduced into the die-casting machine, but before the outlet opening for casting the liquid metal or filling the die cavity is opened. Before carrying out the introduction of the casting chamber into the die-casting machine, the metal to be cast is heated to just below the liquidus temperature, i.e. until just before it is transformed into a liquid state. This allows for rapid liquefaction when the casting chamber is brought into the die casting machine, thereby allowing for a rapid casting process.

Preferably, the final melting of the rod is carried out by induction. This ensures precise and rapid melting into the liquid state. Advantageously, the heating of the metal to be cast to near liquidus temperature (i.e. before introducing the casting chamber into the die casting machine) is also carried out by induction. The heating of the bars in the casting chamber is preferably carried out by means of the same inductive elements arranged in the casting chamber, before the introduction into the die-casting machine and after the introduction of the casting chamber into the die-casting machine.

A preferred variant which has been found is that the heating of the rod takes place just below the liquidus temperature of the rod, i.e. the temperature which has not yet liquefied, before being fed and introduced into the die-casting machine.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that after placing the rod the casting chamber is completely closed, which is preferably closed with a casting piston. This allows the casting chamber to be almost 100% filled with the metal to be cast, thereby reducing air inclusions and significantly improving the quality of the casting. The opening for placing the bar of metal to be cast is preferably closed by means of a casting piston by pulling the casting piston onto the bar and closing the casting chamber.

Preferably, the invention is further characterized in that the closing system opens the outlet opening in the casting chamber before the metal to be cast is cast into the mould cavity to be filled. Preferably, at the opposite end of the casting chamber from the casting piston, there is a closing system which opens the outlet opening when the metal to be cast has the desired temperature and is liquid, preferably by moving the closing system backwards or in the same direction as the casting piston moves when compressing the melt, making it possible to fill the mould cavity with molten metal.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the device for casting metal, preferably light metal, under pressure by the cold chamber method comprises at least two casting chambers which are fed to the die casting machine by means of a feeder and which are preferably alternately exchanged by means of an exchanger between the feeder and the die casting machine. The device comprises at least two casting chambers which are alternately fed to a die-casting machine, in which respective bars of metal to be cast, preferably light metal, are placed. Thus, proportional casting of the desired metals is possible. Of course, the device may also comprise more than two casting chambers which are alternately fed and introduced into the die-casting machine and removed.

For example, the feeding can be carried out horizontally or vertically to the die casting machine by means of a transport system, and a rotator-like arrangement or other feeding systems are also conceivable.

A preferred embodiment is that the casting chamber comprises an induction heating element. Each casting chamber includes its own induction heating element which allows rapid and precise heating of the metal bar to be cast. The induction heating elements are preferably arranged along the circumference of the casting chamber and ensure uniform heating of the bar.

Preferably, the casting chambers each comprise a closure system which closes the outlet opening in the casting chamber and opens this opening shortly before the mould cavity is filled. The closing system is preferably arranged at the other end of the casting chamber opposite the casting piston. Once the metal has the desired temperature, i.e. it is liquid, the closed system opens the outlet opening for the casting of liquid metal into the die cavity. For this purpose, a piston is preferably provided, which moves backwards, thereby opening the opening for the liquid metal.

According to a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a piston coupling system and the casting chambers each comprise a casting piston, which is connected to the die casting machine by the piston coupling system when the casting chamber is replaced from the feeder into the die casting machine by means of the replacer. The effect achieved thereby is that the casting piston is connected to a drive system in the die casting machine in order to press the molten metal in the casting piston into the die cavity. Since a casting piston and a closing system are provided in each casting chamber, respectively, there is also the advantage that the casting chamber can be completely closed and thus also filled to almost 100%.

It has been found to be advantageous for the casting chambers to be arranged in a closed circuit relative to one another and alternately fed to the die casting machine. The circuit may correspond to vertically and horizontally extending feeders, such as a conveyor belt or a spinner, wherein the casting chambers are arranged concentrically around the point of rotation, and other feeders are also envisaged.

All possible configurations can be freely combined with each other and the method and device features can be combined with each other separately.

Drawings

Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, to which the invention is not limited.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through a casting chamber for carrying out the method according to the invention,

figure 2 shows a step-by-step representation of the method in a casting chamber,

fig. 3 shows a device according to the invention with a linear feeder, an

Fig. 4 shows a device with a rotator-type feeder according to the invention.

List of reference numerals

1 apparatus

2 casting chamber

3 Induction heating element

4 casting piston

5 bars of material to be cast

6 closure system

7 piston coupling system

8 outlet opening

9 inlet opening

10 die casting machine

11 feeder.

Detailed Description

The diagram shown in fig. 1 shows the casting chamber 2 of the apparatus 1 according to the invention, the metal bar 5 to be cast having been placed and the casting chamber 2 being completely closed. The induction heating elements 3 are arranged along the circumference of the casting chamber 2, which induction heating elements 3 preferably extend over the length of the casting chamber 2 to ensure uniform heating of the rod 5. It can clearly be seen that almost 100% filling of the casting chamber 2 can be achieved by introducing the metal to be cast as a solid, which helps to reduce air inclusions in the cast part. In the casting chamber 2 of the apparatus 1 according to the invention, the bars are placed into the casting chamber 2 through the inlet opening 9, as shown in fig. 2. Subsequently, the casting piston 4 moves until the bar 5 and the closing system 6 keeps the outlet opening 8 closed, thus completely closing the casting chamber. A closing piston is preferably used as closing system 6, although other possibilities are also conceivable. A piston coupling system 7 arranged on the casting piston 4 serves to connect the casting piston 4 to a die casting machine 10 or to a drive provided for this purpose in order to press the molten metal into the mold cavity through the outlet opening 8.

Fig. 2 shows a step-by-step representation of the method in the casting chamber 2 of the device 1, in position a metal bar 5 to be cast is placed in the casting chamber 2 and the casting piston 4 is pulled onto the bar 5 to close the casting chamber 2. In position B, it can be seen that the casting chamber 2 is completely closed and that almost 100% filling is achieved. In this state, the casting chamber 2 or the bar 5 is heated by means of the induction heating element 3, the heating taking place just below the liquidus temperature before introduction into the die casting machine 10, preferably during the feeding 11 of the casting chamber 2 into the die casting machine 10, see fig. 3 and 4. By means of a changer (not shown), the casting chamber 2 is introduced into the die casting machine 10 or the casting chamber 2 previously arranged in the die casting machine 10 is removed. Position C shows a position in which the casting chamber 2 has been arranged in the die casting machine 10 and the metal is liquid and has the desired temperature for casting. The closing system 6 opens the outlet opening 8 and the casting piston 4, which is connected to the drive by means of the piston coupling system 7, presses the liquid metal into the mould cavity through the outlet opening 8, as can be seen from the image D.

Fig. 3 and 4 show a possible feed 11 of the casting chamber 2 to the die casting machine 10. Fig. 3 shows a horizontal feed 11, although a vertical feed of the casting chamber 2 is also conceivable. The number of casting chambers 2 is to be matched to the apparatus 1 or the speed and capacity, at least two casting chambers 2 have to be arranged in the apparatus 1 according to the invention in order to be preheated to just below the liquidus temperature and subsequently heated in the die casting machine 10 until the metal is liquid, or in order to ensure an optimal and economical process. Fig. 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the casting chamber 2, the casting chamber 2 being arranged concentrically around the center and constituting a kind of spinner. The transfer of the casting chamber 2 from the feeder 11 to the die casting machine 10 is carried out by means of a changer (not shown).