Self-adaptive mechanical transmission of electric motor vehicle
阅读说明：本技术 电动机动车自适应机械变速器 (Self-adaptive mechanical transmission of electric motor vehicle ) 是由 范可牛 李静 范无穷 于 2019-12-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：为解决现有技术电动机动车存在的蓄电池、电控制系统和驱动电机都必须具有较大的放电能力或较大的功率,提高了整车的制造成本和制造难度等问题,本发明提出一种电动机动车自适应机械变速器,包括主动组件、从动组件、输出轴组件和控制器；所述主动组件包括驱动电机、主动轴、主动齿轮Ⅰ、主动齿轮Ⅱ和单向轴承Ⅰ；所述从动组件包括从动轴、从动齿轮和行星轮组；所述输出轴组件包括输出轴和圆盘；所述控制器能够实时监测输出轴的转速,并在输出轴转速达到设定值时控制驱动电机停机并反向旋转。本发明的有益技术效果是能够根据电动机动车的行驶速度,自动调节到高速挡或低速挡,明显降低了对蓄电池、电控制系统和驱动电机的要求。(In order to solve the problems that a storage battery, an electric control system and a driving motor of an electric motor vehicle in the prior art have to have larger discharge capacity or larger power, the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the whole vehicle are improved, and the like, the invention provides a self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric motor vehicle, which comprises a driving component, a driven component, an output shaft component and a controller; the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a driving shaft, a driving gear I, a driving gear II and a one-way bearing I; the driven assembly comprises a driven shaft, a driven gear and a planetary gear set; the output shaft assembly comprises an output shaft and a disc; the controller can monitor the rotating speed of the output shaft in real time and control the driving motor to stop and rotate reversely when the rotating speed of the output shaft reaches a set value. The invention has the beneficial technical effects that the high-speed gear or the low-speed gear can be automatically adjusted according to the running speed of the electric motor car, and the requirements on the storage battery, the electric control system and the driving motor are obviously reduced.)
1. An electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission, characterized in that the transmission comprises a driving component, a driven component, an output shaft component and a controller; the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a driving shaft, a driving gear I, a driving gear II and a one-way bearing I; the driving shaft is connected with an output shaft of a driving motor, and a driving gear I and a driving gear II are arranged on the driving shaft in parallel, wherein the driving gear I is directly and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving gear II is fixedly arranged on the driving shaft through a one-way bearing I; the driven assembly comprises a driven shaft, a driven gear and a planetary gear set; the driven shaft comprises a lower section shaft, an upper section shaft and a one-way bearing II, the lower section shaft is directly and fixedly arranged in an inner ring of the one-way bearing II, one end of the upper section shaft is provided with a circular hollow step with the inner diameter matched with the outer diameter of an outer ring of the one-way bearing II, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing II is sleeved and fixed in the circular hollow step, so that the lower section shaft and the upper section shaft are connected into a whole shaft, and the axes of the lower section shaft, the upper section shaft and the one-way bearing II are ensured to be on the same; the driven gear is fixed on the lower section shaft and is meshed with the driving gear I; the planetary wheel set comprises a sun wheel, a planetary carrier and a gear ring, the sun wheel is fixedly arranged on the upper section shaft, the planetary wheel is fixedly arranged on the fixedly arranged planetary carrier and is meshed with the outer side of the sun wheel, teeth are arranged on the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the gear ring and are sleeved on the outer side of the planetary wheel, the inner teeth of the gear ring are meshed with the planetary wheel, and the outer teeth of the gear ring are meshed with the driving gear II; the output shaft assembly comprises an output shaft and a disc, the output shaft is fixedly arranged in the center of the disc, the disc is fixedly arranged at the outer side end of the gear ring through a bolt, and the output shaft and the driven shaft are coaxial; the controller can monitor the rotating speed of the output shaft in real time and control the driving motor to stop and rotate reversely when the rotating speed of the output shaft reaches a set value; the one-way bearing I and the one-way bearing II are bearings, wherein the inner ring can rotate freely when rotating clockwise relative to the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring are locked mutually and transmit torque when rotating anticlockwise.
2. The adaptive mechanical transmission for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the driving gear i to the diameter of the driven gear is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
3. The adaptive mechanical transmission of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the driving gear II to the outer circle of the ring gear is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
4. The adaptive mechanical transmission of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the planet gear to the diameter of the inner circle of the ring gear is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adaptive speed change technology of an electric vehicle, in particular to an adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric vehicle.
Background
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive mechanical transmission of an electric motor car, aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, the electric motor car adopts voltage and current control to realize the regulation of speed and load capacity, a storage battery, an electric control system and a driving motor must have larger discharge capacity or larger power, the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the whole car are improved, and the like.
The invention relates to an electric motor car self-adaptive mechanical transmission, which comprises a driving component, a driven component, an output shaft component and a controller, wherein the driving component is connected with the driven component; the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a driving shaft, a driving gear I, a driving gear II and a one-way bearing I; the driving shaft is connected with an output shaft of a driving motor, and a driving gear I and a driving gear II are arranged on the driving shaft in parallel, wherein the driving gear I is directly and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving gear II is fixedly arranged on the driving shaft through a one-way bearing I; the driven assembly comprises a driven shaft, a driven gear and a planetary gear set; the driven shaft comprises a lower section shaft, an upper section shaft and a one-way bearing II, the lower section shaft is directly and fixedly arranged in an inner ring of the one-way bearing II, one end of the upper section shaft is provided with a circular hollow step with the inner diameter matched with the outer diameter of an outer ring of the one-way bearing II, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing II is sleeved and fixed in the circular hollow step, so that the lower section shaft and the upper section shaft are connected into a whole shaft, and the axes of the lower section shaft, the upper section shaft and the one-way bearing II are ensured to be on the same; the driven gear is fixed on the lower section shaft and is meshed with the driving gear I; the planetary wheel set comprises a sun wheel, a planetary carrier and a gear ring, the sun wheel is fixedly arranged on the upper section shaft, the planetary wheel is fixedly arranged on the fixedly arranged planetary carrier and is meshed with the outer side of the sun wheel, teeth are arranged on the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the gear ring and are sleeved on the outer side of the planetary wheel, the inner teeth of the gear ring are meshed with the planetary wheel, and the outer teeth of the gear ring are meshed with the driving gear II; the output shaft assembly comprises an output shaft and a disc, the output shaft is fixedly arranged in the center of the disc, the disc is fixedly arranged at the outer side end of the gear ring through a bolt, and the output shaft and the driven shaft are coaxial; the controller can monitor the rotating speed of the output shaft in real time and control the driving motor to stop and rotate reversely when the rotating speed of the output shaft reaches a set value; the one-way bearing I and the one-way bearing II are bearings, wherein the inner ring can rotate freely when rotating clockwise relative to the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring are locked mutually and transmit torque when rotating anticlockwise.
Furthermore, the diameter ratio of the driving gear I to the driven gear of the electric vehicle self-adaptive mechanical transmission is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
Furthermore, the diameter ratio of the driving gear II of the electric motor car self-adaptive mechanical transmission to the excircle of the gear ring is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
Furthermore, the diameter ratio of the planet wheel of the electric motor car self-adaptive mechanical transmission to the inner circle of the gear ring is 1: 1 to 1: 10.
The self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric vehicle has the advantages that the self-adaptive mechanical transmission can automatically adjust to a high-speed gear or a low-speed gear according to the running speed of the electric vehicle, so that the driving motor can drive a larger load through the change ratio of the rotating speed and the moment of the low-speed gear under the condition of lower output power; meanwhile, under the condition that the driving motor runs at a lower rotating speed, the running is faster through the variable ratio of the rotating speed and the moment of the high-speed gear. Obviously reduces the requirements on the capacity or power of the storage battery, the electric control system and the driving motor, and effectively reduces the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the whole vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another perspective of the electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driven shaft of the electric motor vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission of the invention.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission, FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another perspective of the electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission, and FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driven shaft of the electric vehicle adaptive mechanical transmission. In the figure, 1 is a driving motor, 2 is a driving shaft, 3 is a driving gear I, 4 is a driving gear II, 5 is a one-way bearing I, 6 is a driven shaft, 6-1 is a lower section shaft, 6-2 is an upper section shaft, 6-3 is a one-way bearing II, 7 is a driven gear, 8 is a gear ring, 9 is a sun gear, 10 is a planet gear, 11 is a disc, 12 is an output shaft, and 13 is a planet carrier. As can be seen, the self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric vehicle comprises a driving component, a driven component, an output shaft component and a controller; the driving assembly comprises a driving motor 1, a driving shaft 2, a driving gear I3, a driving gear II 4 and a one-way bearing I5; the driving shaft 2 is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 1, and a driving gear I3 and a driving gear II 4 are arranged on the driving shaft 2 in parallel, wherein the driving gear I3 is directly and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft 2, and the driving gear II 4 is fixedly arranged on the driving shaft 2 through a one-way bearing I5; the driven assembly comprises a driven
When the driving motor rotates clockwise, the driving shaft drives the inner ring of the one-way bearing I to rotate clockwise, according to the characteristics of the one-way bearing I, the inner ring of the one-way bearing I can rotate clockwise freely, the driving gear II fixedly installed on the outer ring of the one-way bearing I cannot be driven to rotate, and the driving shaft can rotate freely relative to the driving gear II. Meanwhile, the driving shaft drives the driving gear I to rotate clockwise, the driving gear I drives the driven gear to rotate anticlockwise, and the lower section shaft of the driven shaft drives the inner ring of the one-way bearing II to rotate anticlockwise. According to the characteristics of the one-way bearing II, the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way bearing II are locked and transmit torque, the inner ring of the one-way bearing II drives the outer ring of the one-way bearing II to rotate anticlockwise and transmit torque, namely the lower section shaft of the driven shaft drives the upper section shaft to rotate anticlockwise and transmit torque, so that the sun gear and the driven gear rotate anticlockwise and transmit torque. The sun wheel drives the planet wheel to rotate clockwise, the planet wheel drives the gear ring to rotate clockwise, and an output shaft fixedly mounted at the outer end of the gear ring also rotates clockwise. Therefore, the rotating speed and the torque of the driving motor are transmitted to the output shaft after the transformation ratio of the secondary rotating speed and the torque. The clockwise rotation of the motor is transmitted through the transformation ratio of the secondary rotating speed and the torque, so that the rotating speed is low, the torque is large, and the motor is regarded as a low gear. It should be noted that, because the external tooth of ring gear and II meshing of driving gear, the clockwise rotation of the ring gear that the planet wheel drove can drive II anticlockwise rotations of driving gear simultaneously, and the anticlockwise rotation of driving gear II is the anticlockwise rotation of I outer lane of one-way bearing promptly, and the anticlockwise rotation of I outer lane of one-way bearing is equivalent to the clockwise rotation of I inner lane of one-way bearing. According to the characteristics of the one-way bearing I, the clockwise rotation of the inner ring is completely free, and the operation of other parts cannot be influenced. In addition, the diameters of the driving gear I and the driven gear are selected, so that the rotating speed and the torque variation ratio of the primary speed change can be determined; the variable ratio of the rotating speed and the moment of the two-stage speed change can be determined by selecting the diameters of the sun gear and the inner circle of the gear ring, and the requirements of low gear, low rotating speed and high load can be completely met through the variable ratio of the two-stage rotating speed and the moment. Obviously, the diameter ratio of the driving gear I to the driven gear or the diameter ratio of the inner circle of the planet gear to the gear ring is feasible to be selected in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 10, and the aim is to realize the driving motor with lower power and realize larger torque output.
When driving motor anticlockwise rotation, the driving shaft drives I anticlockwise rotation of driving gear, and driving gear I drives driven gear clockwise rotation to drive driven shaft hypomere axle clockwise rotation, drive II inner circles clockwise rotation of one-way bearing promptly. According to the characteristics of the one-way bearing II, the inner ring of the one-way bearing II can rotate freely without driving the planetary gear to do any operation. Simultaneously, the driving shaft drives I inner circle anticlockwise rotation of one-way bearing, according to the characteristic of one-way bearing I, the inner circle and the outer lane of one-way bearing I will lock and transmit moment, the inner circle and the outer lane of one-way bearing I will be synchronous anticlockwise rotation and drive II anticlockwise rotations of driving gear, driving gear II drives the ring gear clockwise rotation through the external tooth of ring gear, the output shaft of fixed mounting at the ring gear outside end will clockwise rotation too. Therefore, the rotating speed and the torque of the driving motor are transmitted to the output shaft after passing through a set of transformation ratio of the rotating speed and the torque. The motor runs anticlockwise, and the transmission only passes through the change ratio of the rotating speed and the torque once, so that the rotating speed is high, the torque is moderate, and the motor is regarded as a high-speed gear. It should be noted that, because the internal tooth of the gear ring is meshed with the planet gear, the clockwise rotation of the gear ring driven by the driving gear II can simultaneously drive the planet gear to rotate clockwise, the planet gear drives the sun gear to rotate anticlockwise, the sun gear drives the outer ring of the one-way bearing II to rotate anticlockwise, and the anticlockwise rotation of the outer ring of the one-way bearing II is equivalent to the clockwise rotation of the inner ring of the one-way bearing II. According to the characteristic of the one-way bearing II, the clockwise rotation of the inner ring is completely free, and the operation of other parts cannot be influenced. In addition, the variable ratio of the rotating speed and the torque can be determined by selecting the diameters of the driving gear I and the gear ring, and the requirements of high rotating speed and moderate torque of a high-speed gear can be completely met through the variable ratio of the rotating speed and the torque. Obviously, the diameter ratio of the driving gear II to the excircle of the gear ring is feasible to be selected within the range of 1: 1 to 1: 10, and the aim is to realize the operation at higher speed by adopting a driving motor with lower rotating speed.
Of course, the gear ring is not only the output of the low gear but also the output of the high gear, the inner teeth and the outer teeth are respectively meshed with the planet gear and the driving gear II, and the diameter of the gear ring simultaneously influences the diameter ratio of the driving gear II to the outer circle of the gear ring and the diameter ratio of the inner circle of the planet gear to the gear ring, so that the gear ring is simple in structure, convenient to use and reliable in. The selection requires a compromise between the interaction of the two ratios and the impact on overall transmission performance.
The high-speed and low-speed gear conversion of the self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric motor car is still gear pairing and mechanism pairing conversion essentially, so the self-adaptive mechanical transmission still belongs to mechanical speed change and still has the characteristic that the mechanical speed change can change the rotating speed and the moment at the same time. Meanwhile, the high and low gear shift of the self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric motor car is actually the shift of the positive and negative rotation of the driving motor, so the high and low gear shift can be completely realized by adopting circuit control. The controller of the self-adaptive transmission of the electric motor car can monitor the rotating speed of the output shaft in real time and control the driving motor to stop and rotate reversely when the rotating speed of the output shaft reaches a set value. When the motor vehicle starts or runs from a low speed to a high speed, the controller controls the driving motor to rotate clockwise, and the motor vehicle is in a low speed gear, namely, the rotating speed is low, the moment is large, so that the motor vehicle can start or accelerate stably, and the driving motor is not required to output large power, namely, the driving motor is not required to have large rated power. Along with the increase of the speed of the motor vehicle, the controller monitors that the rotating speed of the output shaft rises to a set value, the controller turns off the power supply of the driving motor and controls the driving motor to rotate anticlockwise after set time, and at the moment, the motor vehicle is in a high-speed gear, namely, the rotating speed is high, the torque is moderate, so that the motor vehicle can run at a high speed, the driving motor is not required to run at the high speed, and the driving motor is not required to have a high rated rotating speed. When the motor vehicle needs to reduce the speed or is in an uphill slope during high-speed running, the speed of the motor vehicle is gradually reduced, the controller monitors that the rotating speed of the output shaft is reduced to a set value, the controller turns off a power supply of the driving motor and controls the driving motor to rotate clockwise after set time, and the motor vehicle is in a low speed gear at the moment, namely the rotating speed is low, the moment is large, and the motor vehicle is favorable for speed reduction or climbing.
Obviously, the self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric vehicle can automatically adjust to a high-speed gear or a low-speed gear according to the running speed of the electric vehicle, so that the driving motor can drive a larger load through the rotating speed and the torque transformation ratio of the low-speed gear under the condition of lower output power; meanwhile, under the condition that the driving motor runs at a lower rotating speed, the motor vehicle can run quickly through the rotating speed of the high-speed gear and the torque transformation ratio. It is therefore referred to as an adaptive mechanical transmission. The self-adaptive mechanical transmission of the electric vehicle obviously reduces the requirements on the capacity or power of the storage battery, the electric control system and the driving motor, or effectively expands the application range of the storage battery, the electric control system and the driving motor, and effectively reduces the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the whole vehicle.
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