Fuel cell system and liquid water amount prediction method
阅读说明:本技术 燃料电池系统及液态水量预测方法 (Fuel cell system and liquid water amount prediction method ) 是由 小牧克哉 于 2019-06-03 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统及液态水量预测方法。所述燃料电池系统具有:燃料电池堆,其通过氢与氧的化学反应而进行发电,并且使生成水及排气被排出;液态水量预测部,其基于燃料电池堆的发电电流量、向燃料电池堆供给的空气的量、该空气的温度及相对湿度、从燃料电池堆被排出的排气的温度、和该排气的压力,而对所述生成水中的液态水的量进行预测。(The present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a liquid water amount prediction method. The fuel cell system has: a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and discharges produced water and exhaust gas; and a liquid water amount prediction unit that predicts the amount of liquid water in the generated water based on the amount of generated current of the fuel cell stack, the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack, the temperature and relative humidity of the air, the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, and the pressure of the exhaust gas.)
1. A fuel cell system having:
a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and discharges produced water and exhaust gas;
and a liquid water amount prediction unit that predicts an amount of liquid water in the generated water based on a generated current amount of the fuel cell stack, an amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack, a temperature of the air, a relative humidity of the air, a temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, and a pressure of the exhaust gas.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1,
the disclosed device is provided with:
a water storage tank that stores liquid water discharged from the fuel cell stack;
a valve provided in a drain pipe connecting the fuel cell stack and the water storage tank;
a valve control unit that controls the opening of the valve,
the valve control unit increases the opening degree of the valve as the amount of liquid water predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit increases, and decreases the opening degree of the valve as the amount of liquid water predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit decreases.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2,
the water supply device is provided with an injection unit that injects the liquid water stored in the water storage tank to a heat exchanger of a vehicle.
4. A method for predicting the amount of liquid water is applied to a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and discharges generated water and exhaust gas,
in the liquid water amount prediction method, the amount of water in the liquid state,
the amount of liquid water in the generated water is predicted based on the amount of generated current of the fuel cell stack, the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the air, the relative humidity of the air, the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, and the pressure of the exhaust gas.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell system and a liquid water amount prediction method.
Background
Jp 2010-153246 a discloses a fuel cell system that generates electricity by reacting a fuel gas with an oxidizing gas, and has a structure in which liquid water generated during the generation of electricity is stored in a collection tank. Further, japanese patent application laid-open No. 2010-153246 discloses a method of calculating a predicted generated water amount based on a generated current integrated value and opening a drain valve when it is determined that the generated water amount stored in a trap tank is equal to or more than a threshold value based on the prediction result.
However, when the generated water amount is predicted based on only the integrated value of the generated current as in japanese patent application laid-open No. 2010-153246, only the generated water amount in which the water vapor and the liquid water are mixed can be predicted. Therefore, from the viewpoint of predicting the amount of liquid water produced, there is still room for improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure obtains a fuel cell system and a liquid water amount prediction method that can predict the amount of liquid water in generated water.
Means for solving the problems
A fuel cell system of a first aspect includes: a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and discharges produced water and exhaust gas; and a liquid water amount prediction unit that predicts an amount of liquid water in the generated water based on a generated current amount of the fuel cell stack, an amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack, a temperature of the air, a relative humidity of the air, a temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, and a pressure of the exhaust gas.
In the fuel cell system of the first aspect, the hydrogen and the oxygen are chemically reacted in the fuel cell stack to generate power, and the generated water and the exhaust gas are discharged. Here, the fuel cell system includes a liquid water amount prediction unit that predicts the amount of liquid water to be generated based on the amount of generated current of the fuel cell stack, the amount of supplied air, the temperature of the air, the relative humidity of the air, the exhaust temperature, and the exhaust pressure. In this way, by adding information on the supply side such as the amount and relative humidity of air supplied to the fuel cell stack and information on the exhaust side such as the temperature and exhaust pressure of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack to the amount of generated current of the fuel cell stack, it is possible to predict the amount of liquid water in the generated water.
A fuel cell system according to a second aspect is the first aspect, including: a water storage tank that stores liquid water discharged from the fuel cell stack; a valve provided in a drain pipe connecting the fuel cell stack and the water storage tank; and a valve control unit that controls an opening degree of the valve, wherein the valve control unit increases the opening degree of the valve as the amount of liquid water predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit increases, and decreases the opening degree of the valve as the amount of liquid water predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit decreases.
The fuel cell system according to the second aspect includes a water storage tank that stores liquid water discharged from the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack and the water storage tank are connected by a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with a valve. The opening degree of the valve is controlled by a valve control unit, and the valve control unit increases the opening degree of the valve as the amount of liquid water predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit increases. Accordingly, when the amount of liquid water to be generated is large, the flow path cross-sectional area of the drain pipe is increased by increasing the opening degree of the valve, and it is possible to suppress the generated liquid water from being discharged to the atmosphere without being stored in the water storage tank. In contrast, the valve control unit decreases the valve opening degree as the liquid water amount predicted by the liquid water amount prediction unit decreases. Thus, when the amount of liquid water to be generated is small, the flow path cross-sectional area of the drain pipe is reduced by reducing the opening degree of the valve, and the entry of gas other than the liquid water into the water storage tank can be suppressed.
A fuel cell system according to a third aspect is the fuel cell system according to the second aspect, wherein the fuel cell system includes an injection unit that injects the liquid water stored in the water storage tank to a heat exchanger of the vehicle.
In the fuel cell system according to the third aspect, the generated liquid water is injected into the heat exchanger of the vehicle, thereby facilitating heat exchange.
A liquid water amount prediction method according to a fourth aspect is a liquid water amount prediction method applied to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and discharges produced water and exhaust gas, and predicts an amount of liquid water in the produced water based on an amount of electricity generated by the fuel cell stack, an amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack, a temperature of the air, a relative humidity of the air, a temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, and a pressure of the exhaust gas.
In the liquid water amount prediction method of the fourth aspect, the amount of liquid water generated is predicted based on the amount of generated current of the fuel cell stack, the amount of air supplied, the temperature of the air, the relative humidity of the air, the exhaust temperature, and the exhaust pressure. In this way, by adding information on the supply side such as the amount and relative humidity of air supplied to the fuel cell stack and information on the exhaust side such as the temperature and exhaust pressure of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack to the amount of power generation current of the fuel cell stack, it is possible to predict the amount of liquid water in the generated water.
As described above, according to the fuel cell system of the first aspect and the liquid water amount prediction method of the fourth aspect, the amount of liquid water to be generated can be predicted.
According to the fuel cell system of the second aspect, liquid water can be efficiently stored in the water storage tank.
According to the fuel cell system of the third aspect, the performance of the heat exchanger can be improved.
Drawings
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail based on the following drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram corresponding to fig. 1, showing a first modification of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram corresponding to fig. 1, showing a second modification of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram corresponding to fig. 1, showing a third modification of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the total pressure and the proportion of liquid water.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the liquid water amount prediction method according to the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing another example of the liquid water amount prediction method.
Detailed Description
(Overall Structure)
A
The
At this time, since the
A
One end side of a first exhaust pipe 17 is connected to the
One end side of the
The gas-
The liquid water separated by the gas-
The
Next, an example of a control section in the
The
The
The
The
The
The
(method of predicting amount of liquid Water)
Next, a method of predicting the amount of liquid water generated by the
1.88 in the above reaction formula is a coefficient indicating a molar ratio in air based on N in air2And O2About 0.79: 0.21 ratio.
Here, the molar flow rate of water vapor in the exhaust gas is represented by nST(mol/sec) and the molar flow rate of nitrogen in the exhaust gas is nN2(mol/sec) and the molar flow rate of oxygen in the exhaust gas is nO2(mol/sec), the pressure of the exhaust gas is P (kPa), and the saturated vapor pressure at the exhaust temperature T (. degree. C.) is PST(kPa), it can be determined according to the partial pressure in daltonsThe following equation (1) is derived.
[ mathematical formula 1]
Furthermore, according to the empirical formula of Tetens, the saturated vapor pressure PST(kPa) is expressed by the following equation (2).
[ mathematical formula 2]
Next, since the relative humidity of the intake air is set to Φ (%), the intake air temperature is set to THWater vapor pressure P of intake air at (DEG C)H(kPa) is PH=PSTSince x Φ/100, it is represented by the following equation (3).
[ mathematical formula 3]
Further, let n be the molar flow rate of water vapor in the intake airH(mol/sec) and the molar flow rate n of the steam when the hydrogen consumption flow rate is n (mol/sec)HUsing the water vapour pressure P of the intake airHAnd is expressed by the following equation (4). In addition, Pa in the following formula (4) is atmospheric pressure.
[ mathematical formula 4]
Here, the amount of liquid water n in the exhaust gasLiqSince the generated water amount- (saturated water vapor amount-water vapor amount in intake air) is obtained, it can be expressed by the following equation (5).
[ math figure 5]
In addition, although k is 0.5 when an ideal chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen occurs in the molar ratio k of the oxygen to be taken in, actually, it varies depending on various conditions. For example, the variation occurs according to the performance, temperature, or degree of deterioration of the
If it is assumed that the molar ratio k of the intake oxygen is 1 and the relative humidity Φ of the intake air is 0 (%), the following equation (6) is obtained if k is 1 and Φ is 0 and the above equation (5) is substituted.
[ mathematical formula 6]
From the contents of the above equation (6), the relationship between the proportion of liquid water and the total pressure when k is 1 and Φ is 0 is shown in fig. 5. In fig. 5, the relationship between the proportion of liquid water and the total pressure in a state where the exhaust temperature is 65 (deg.c) is indicated by a solid line L1, and the relationship between the proportion of liquid water and the total pressure in a state where the exhaust temperature is 75 (deg.c) is indicated by a dashed dotted line L2. The relationship between the proportion of liquid water and the total pressure in a state where the exhaust temperature is 85 (deg.c) is indicated by a two-dot chain line L3, and the relationship between the proportion of liquid water and the total pressure in a state where the exhaust temperature is 95 (deg.c) is indicated by a broken line L4. Therefore, as can be seen from the solid line L1, the proportion of liquid water is about 80 (%) when the total pressure is 250(kPa) at the exhaust gas temperature of 65 (deg.c), for example. By adopting the above method, the amount of liquid water generated by the
An example of a method for predicting the amount of generated liquid water will be described with reference to the flowchart of fig. 7. First, at
Next, in
Next, in
Finally, in
Here, the
On the other hand, the
Here, the amount of liquid water stored in
(action)
Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be explained.
In the
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes a
On the contrary, when the amount of liquid water to be generated is small, the opening degree of the
In the present embodiment, the generated liquid water is sprayed to the
The present disclosure is not limited to the configuration shown in fig. 1, and the modified configurations shown in fig. 2 to 4 may be adopted.
(first modification example)
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system 70 according to the present modification has the same configuration as that of the embodiment, except that the position of the
The
(second modification example)
As shown in fig. 3, a
One end side of the first exhaust pipe 17 of the present modification is connected to the
Therefore, the hydrogen gas that has not reacted in the
(third modification example)
As shown in fig. 4, the
The
Therefore, the hydrogen gas that has not reacted in the
Although the embodiment and the modification have been described above, it is needless to say that the embodiment and the modification can be implemented in various ways. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the amount of liquid water generated during the traveling of the vehicle is predicted, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the amount of liquid water generated may be predicted before the traveling of the vehicle. An example of this case will be described below.
A vehicle provided with an automatic driving function of setting a route to a predetermined destination and causing the vehicle to travel along the route is considered. In such a vehicle, information such as a distance to a destination and a gradient can be acquired by setting a route. Then, from this information, it is possible to grasp the point at which the load of the
An example of a method of predicting the amount of liquid water generated before the vehicle travels will be described with reference to the flowchart of fig. 8. First, in
Next, at
Next, in
Finally, in
As described above, the amount of liquid water generated during travel can be predicted at a stage before travel. By predicting the amount of liquid water to be generated, the
In the above-described embodiment and modification, the unreacted hydrogen gas is released into the atmosphere, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, unreacted hydrogen may be circulated and supplied again to the
In the above-described embodiment and modification, the configuration in which the fuel cell system is mounted on the vehicle has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. The same effect can be obtained as long as the fuel cell system is provided with a fuel cell stack that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
In the above-described embodiment and modification, the structure including the radiator has been described as an example of the heat exchanger, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a condenser or the like that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant circulating in an air conditioner of a vehicle and outside air.
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