System and method for preparing pot and pot
阅读说明：本技术 制备锅具的系统和方法以及锅具 (System and method for preparing pot and pot ) 是由 曹达华 陈炜杰 万鹏 黄宇华 于 2018-11-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了制备锅具的系统和方法以及锅具。其中,制备锅具的系统包括：混料装置,其适于将准晶粉体与添加剂混合,以便得到混合物料；压制装置,其与所述混料装置相连,且适于将所述混合物料施加到锅体的内表面,以便在所述锅体的内表面形成准晶层；烧结装置,其与所述压制装置相连,且适于对所述形成有准晶层的锅体进行烧结处理,以便得到所述锅具。该系统通过粉末冶金的工艺在锅具锅体的内表面形成准晶层,可显著提高锅具的表面性能。(The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing a pot and the pot. Wherein, the system of preparation pan includes: the mixing device is suitable for mixing the quasicrystal powder with the additive so as to obtain a mixed material; a pressing device connected with the mixing device and suitable for applying the mixed materials to the inner surface of the pan body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pan body; and the sintering device is connected with the pressing device and is suitable for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot. The system forms a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body through the powder metallurgy process, and can obviously improve the surface performance of the pot.)
1. A system for making cookware, comprising:
the mixing device is suitable for mixing the quasicrystal powder with the additive so as to obtain a mixed material;
a pressing device connected with the mixing device and suitable for applying the mixed materials to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body;
and the sintering device is connected with the pressing device and is suitable for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: and the pre-burning device is arranged between the pressing device and the sintering device and is suitable for pre-burning the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer before the sintering treatment.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the polishing device is connected with the sintering device and is suitable for polishing the pot.
4. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
and the screening device is connected with the mixing device and is suitable for screening the quasicrystal alloy powder so as to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
5. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
a smelting device, wherein the smelting device is suitable for smelting a mixture containing at least one of aluminum materials, copper materials, iron materials and chromium materials so as to obtain a quasi-crystal alloy ingot;
and the powder making device is connected with the smelting device and the mixing device and is suitable for making the quasi-crystal alloy ingot into powder so as to obtain the quasi-crystal powder.
6. A method for preparing cookware using the system of any of claims 1-5, comprising:
(1) supplying the quasicrystal powder and the additive into a mixing device for mixing so as to obtain a mixed material;
(2) pressing the pot body by using a pressing device, and applying the mixed material to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body;
(3) and sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the quasicrystalline powder is prepared from a quasicrystalline alloy ingot by a powder process.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by subjecting a mixture containing at least one of an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, and a chromium material to a melting process.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron, and chromium in the mixture are: 60-70% of aluminum, 10-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and 5-15% of chromium.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the aluminum material is pure aluminum, the copper material is pure copper, the iron material is pure iron, and the chromium material is pure chromium or a chromium titanium alloy.
11. The method of claim 6, wherein the additives comprise a lubricant and a binder.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the lubricant and the binder are each independently selected from at least one of zinc stearate, lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and ethylene bis-stearamide.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the binder is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 wt% based on the quasicrystalline powder.
14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pressing temperature is 90-150 ℃ and the pressing force is 400-850 MPa.
15. The method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to step (3): the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer is supplied to a pre-burning device for pre-burning.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the conditions of the burn-in include: heating to 400-450 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 20 min; heating to 600-650 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-60 min, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
17. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sintering treatment is performed in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, and the temperature of the sintering treatment is 700-1000 ℃.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the conditions of the sintering process comprise: heating to 150-250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20 min; heating to 350-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 min; heating to 700-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 min.
19. The method of claim 6, further comprising, after step (3): and carrying out polishing treatment on the pot.
20. The method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to step (1): and screening the quasicrystal alloy powder to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein at least 90% of the particles in the quasicrystalline powder have a particle size not greater than 180 μm.
22. A cookware, characterized in that it is prepared by the system of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the method of any one of claims 6 to 21.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cooking appliances, in particular to a system and a method for preparing a pot and the pot.
Background
Common non-stick coatings comprise PTFE coatings, PFA coatings, PEEK coatings, ceramic coatings and the like, and organic coatings such as PEEK, PTFE, PFA coatings and the like are widely applied to the surfaces of cookers and rice cooker liners and various easy-to-clean occasions due to excellent chemical thermal stability and self-lubricating (non-stick) performance.
However, the existing cookware and the means for preparing cookware still need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery of the following facts and problems:
in the research on the inner surface coating of the cookware, the inventor finds that the existing organic coating such as PTFE, PFA and the like has the defects of low hardness, low adhesion and the like, is very easy to scratch by hard objects to cause scratch of the coating, exposes the base material originally covered by the coating, and easily causes harmful metal (such as aluminum and the like) in the base material to escape during use, thereby hindering the health of users. While ceramic coatings are susceptible to hydrolysis, the non-stick properties of the coatings tend to decrease with increasing use times.
The quasicrystal material is a material with low surface energy characteristics, and has the characteristics of high hardness, low friction coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the quasicrystal material has the potential of replacing the existing non-stick coating. Especially Al-Cu-Fe system quasi-crystal alloy, the surface energy is between stainless steel and polytetrafluoroethylene, slightly larger than about 25% of polytetrafluoroethylene; and after elements such as Cr, Ti and the like are added into the quasicrystal alloy, the intergranular corrosion tendency of the quasicrystal alloy can be further reduced, so that the corrosion resistance of the quasicrystal alloy is further improved.
In view of this, the present invention provides a system and a method for preparing a pot and a pot. The system forms a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body through the powder metallurgy process, and can obviously improve the surface performance of the pot.
In one aspect of the invention, a system for making cookware is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: the mixing device is suitable for mixing the quasicrystal powder with the additive so as to obtain a mixed material; a pressing device connected with the mixing device and suitable for applying the mixed materials to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body; and the sintering device is connected with the pressing device and is suitable for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
According to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal powder and the additive are mixed by the mixing device, the quasicrystal powder can have better fluidity due to the addition of the additive, the pressing and demolding are easier in the subsequent process, and the fluidity of the quasicrystal powder is further improved. And then the pot body of the pot is pressed by using a pressing device, the mixture material comprising the quasicrystal powder and the additive is applied to the inner surface of the pot body, and a quasicrystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The sintering device is used for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer, quasi-crystal powder particles in the quasi-crystal layer are bonded through atomic diffusion, the combination among the particles is enhanced, the strength and the density of a quasi-crystal layer sintered body are further improved, and therefore the surface performance of the inner surface of the pot body is further improved. Therefore, according to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body of the pot through the powder metallurgy process, so that the surface performance of the pot can be obviously improved.
In addition, the system for preparing cookware according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the system further comprises: and the pre-burning device is arranged between the pressing device and the sintering device and is suitable for pre-burning the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer before the sintering treatment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the system further comprises: and the polishing device is connected with the sintering device and is suitable for polishing the pot.
In some embodiments of the invention, the system further comprises: and the screening device is connected with the mixing device and is suitable for screening the quasicrystal alloy powder so as to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the system further comprises: a smelting device, wherein the smelting device is suitable for smelting a mixture containing at least one of aluminum materials, copper materials, iron materials and chromium materials so as to obtain a quasi-crystal alloy ingot; and the powder making device is connected with the smelting device and the mixing device and is suitable for making the quasi-crystal alloy ingot into powder so as to obtain the quasi-crystal powder.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a pot by using the system for preparing a pot of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: (1) supplying the quasicrystal powder and the additive into a mixing device for mixing so as to obtain a mixed material; (2) pressing the pot body by using a pressing device, and applying the mixed material to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body; (3) and sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
According to the method for preparing the pot tool, the quasicrystal powder and the additive are mixed by the mixing device, the quasicrystal powder can have better fluidity due to the addition of the additive, the pressing and demolding are easier in the subsequent process, and the fluidity of the quasicrystal powder can be further improved. And then the pot body of the pot is pressed by using a pressing device, the mixture material comprising the quasicrystal powder and the additive is applied to the inner surface of the pot body, and a quasicrystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The sintering device is used for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer, quasi-crystal powder particles in the quasi-crystal layer are bonded through atomic diffusion, the combination among the particles is enhanced, the strength and the density of a quasi-crystal layer sintered body are further improved, and therefore the surface performance of the inner surface of the pot body is further improved. Therefore, according to the method for preparing the pot, the quasi-crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body of the pot through the powder metallurgy process, and the surface performance of the pot can be obviously improved.
In addition, the method for preparing the cookware according to the above embodiment of the invention may also have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the present invention, the quasicrystalline powder is prepared from a quasicrystalline alloy ingot by a pulverization process.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by subjecting a mixture containing at least one of an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, and a chromium material to a melting process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron, and chromium in the mixture are: 60-70% of aluminum, 10-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and 5-15% of chromium.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum material is pure aluminum, the copper material is pure copper, the iron material is pure iron, and the chromium material is pure chromium or a chromium-titanium alloy.
In some embodiments of the invention, the additives include lubricants and binders.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lubricant and the binder are each independently selected from at least one of zinc stearate, lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and ethylene bis stearamide.
In some embodiments of the invention, the addition amount of the binder is 0.2-1.0 wt% of the quasicrystalline powder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pressing temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the pressing force is 400-850 MPa.
In some embodiments of the present invention, step (3) is preceded by: the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer is supplied to a pre-burning device for pre-burning.
In some embodiments of the invention, the burn-in conditions comprise: heating to 400-450 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 20 min; heating to 600-650 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-60 min, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sintering treatment is performed in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, and the temperature of the sintering treatment is 700-1000 DEG C
In some embodiments of the invention, the conditions of the sintering process include: heating to 150-250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20 min; heating to 350-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 min; heating to 700-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 min.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after step (4), further comprising: and carrying out polishing treatment on the pot.
In some embodiments of the present invention, step (1) is preceded by: and screening the quasicrystal alloy powder to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least 90% of the particles in the quasicrystalline powder have a particle size of not greater than 180 μm.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a pot is provided. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot is prepared by the system or the method of the embodiment.
According to the pot tool disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal layer formed by the powder metallurgy process is arranged on the inner surface, so that the pot tool has excellent surface performance, the problem of coating falling does not exist, and the use experience is better.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing cookware according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing cookware according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a system for preparing cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a cookware according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a cookware according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of sintering process temperature profiles according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a surface topography of a quasicrystalline layer of a pan body according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the research on the inner surface coating of the cookware, the inventor finds that the existing organic coating such as PTFE, PFA and the like has the defects of low hardness, low adhesion and the like, is very easy to scratch by hard objects to cause scratch of the coating, exposes the base material originally covered by the coating, and easily causes harmful metal (such as aluminum and the like) in the base material to escape during use, thereby hindering the health of users. While ceramic coatings are susceptible to hydrolysis, the non-stick properties of the coatings tend to decrease with increasing use times.
The quasicrystal material is a material with low surface energy characteristics, and has the characteristics of high hardness, low friction coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the quasicrystal material has the potential of replacing the existing non-stick coating. Especially Al-Cu-Fe system quasi-crystal alloy, the surface energy is between stainless steel and polytetrafluoroethylene, slightly larger than about 25% of polytetrafluoroethylene; and after elements such as Cr, Ti and the like are added into the quasicrystal alloy, the intergranular corrosion tendency of the quasicrystal alloy can be further reduced, so that the corrosion resistance of the quasicrystal alloy is further improved.
In view of this, in one aspect of the present invention, a system for preparing a pot is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1, the system comprises: a mixing
According to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal powder and the additive are mixed by the mixing device, the quasicrystal powder can have better fluidity due to the addition of the additive, the pressing and demolding are easier in the subsequent process, and the fluidity of the quasicrystal powder can be further improved. And then the pot body of the pot is pressed by using a pressing device, the mixture material comprising the quasicrystal powder and the additive is applied to the inner surface of the pot body, and a quasicrystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The sintering device is used for sintering the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer, quasi-crystal powder particles in the quasi-crystal layer are bonded through atomic diffusion, the bonding among the particles is enhanced, the strength and the density of a quasi-crystal layer sintered body are further improved, and the surface performance (such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like) of the inner surface of the pot body is further improved. Therefore, according to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body of the pot through the powder metallurgy process, so that the surface performance of the pot can be obviously improved.
A system for preparing a pot according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with further reference to FIGS. 1 to 5:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the
According to embodiments of the present invention, the additives may include a lubricant and a binder. The kind of the above-mentioned lubricant and binder is not particularly limited according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the lubricant and binder of the powder metallurgy process well known to those skilled in the art may be used. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant and the binder may be independently selected from at least one of zinc stearate (ZnSt), lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and Ethylene Bis Stearamide (EBS), respectively. Therefore, the fluidity of the mixed material can be further improved, and the mixed material is easier to press and demould in the subsequent process. At least one of zinc stearate, lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and ethylene bis-stearic acid amide functions as both a lubricant and a binder, and those skilled in the art can select the lubricant and the binder according to actual needs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the binder is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt% or 1.0 wt% of the quasicrystalline powder, and is fully mixed with the quasicrystalline powder by stirring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot body can be pressed under the condition of proper heating, and the pressing temperature can be 90-150 ℃, such as 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ or 150 ℃. The pressing force may be 400 to 850MPa, for example 400MPa, 450MPa, 500MPa, 550MPa, 600MPa, 650MPa, 700MPa, 750MPa, 800MPa or 850 MPa. Therefore, the quasi-crystal layer can be further formed on the inner surface of the pot body by utilizing the mixed materials.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sintering process may be performed in an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere) or vacuum, and the sintering process temperature is 700 to 1000 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃ or 1000 ℃. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the sintering process may include: heating to 150-250 deg.C, such as 150 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 190 deg.C, 210 deg.C, 230 deg.C or 250 deg.C, and maintaining for 20 min; heating to 350-450 deg.C, such as 350 deg.C, 370 deg.C, 390 deg.C, 410 deg.C, 430 deg.C or 450 deg.C, and maintaining for 10 min; heating to 700-1000 deg.C, such as 700 deg.C, 750 deg.C, 800 deg.C, 850 deg.C, 900 deg.C, 950 deg.C or 1000 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the system for preparing a pot of the present invention further comprises: the burn-in
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the burn-in conditions include: in a hydrogen atmosphere, heating to 400-450 ℃, for example 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min, so that pre-sintering is carried out at a temperature higher than that of the lubricant and/or the binder, the lubricant and/or the binder are easy to thermally decompose, and the purpose of burning off is achieved; and then heating to 600-650 ℃, such as 600 ℃, 610 ℃, 620 ℃, 630 ℃, 640 ℃ or 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 10-60 min, such as 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, thereby effectively eliminating the oxides on the surfaces of the quasicrystal powder particles and further being beneficial to improving the surface performance of the quasicrystal layer.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned pre-firing may be performed by placing the green compact in an aluminum wire resistance furnace.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the system for preparing a pot of the present invention further comprises: a polishing apparatus 500. The polishing device 500 is connected with the 400 sintering device and is suitable for polishing the pot. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot is polished to obtain the quasi-crystal layer with the roughness Ra of 0.08-1.25 μm, so that the appearance of the quasi-crystal layer can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the system for preparing a pot of the present invention further comprises: a
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the quasi-crystal powder obtained by screening, the particle size of at least 90 percent of particles is not more than 180 mu m. Therefore, the quasi-crystal powder with the granularity is used for forming the quasi-crystal layer, so that the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal layer can be effectively reduced, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is improved. And if the granularity of the quasi-crystal powder is too large, the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal layer can be increased, so that the porosity and the roughness of the obtained quasi-crystal layer are too large, water drops can be tiled on the surface of a coating layer due to the capillary action of pores, the hydrophobic angle is reduced, and the non-stick performance of the quasi-crystal layer is reduced.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the system for preparing a pot of the present invention further comprises: a
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the quasi-crystal alloy ingot is formed by melting a mixture containing at least one of an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, and a chromium material. Therefore, the obtained quasi-crystal alloy ingot is more suitable for forming a quasi-crystal layer subsequently.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron and chromium in the above mixture are: 60-70% of aluminum, 10-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and 5-15% of chromium. Therefore, the quasicrystal content in the obtained quasicrystal layer can be higher.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum material is pure aluminum, the copper material is pure copper, the iron material is pure iron, and the chromium material is pure chromium or chromium-titanium alloy. The inventor finds that the chromium-titanium alloy is used as a chromium material for preparing the quasicrystal alloy ingot, namely, a proper amount of titanium element is added into quasicrystal, so that the intergranular corrosion tendency of the quasicrystal alloy can be further reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the quasicrystal alloy can be further improved. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum material, the copper material, the iron material, and the chromium material may be any of conventional products commercially available.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a pot by using the system for preparing a pot of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: (1) supplying the quasicrystal powder and the additive into a mixing device for mixing so as to obtain a mixed material; (2) pressing the pot body by using a pressing device, and applying the mixed material to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body; (3) and sintering the pot body with the pseudo-crystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
According to the method for preparing the pot tool, the quasicrystal powder and the additive are mixed by the mixing device, the quasicrystal powder can have better fluidity due to the addition of the additive, the pressing and demolding are easier in the subsequent process, and the fluidity of the quasicrystal powder can be further improved. And then the pot body of the pot is pressed by using a pressing device, the mixture material comprising the quasicrystal powder and the additive is applied to the inner surface of the pot body, and a quasicrystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. After at least part of the lubricant and/or the binder are removed by pre-burning, the pre-burned pot body with the quasi-crystal layer is sintered by a sintering device, quasi-crystal powder particles in the quasi-crystal layer can be bonded by atomic diffusion, the bonding among the particles is enhanced, the strength and the density of the quasi-crystal layer sintered body are further improved, and the surface performance of the inner surface of the pot body is further improved. Therefore, according to the method for preparing the pot, the quasi-crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body of the pot through the powder metallurgy process, and the surface performance of the pot can be obviously improved.
The method of preparing a pot according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with further reference to fig. 6 to 10. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: mixing of raw materials
In the step, the quasicrystal powder and the additive are supplied to a mixing device to be mixed so as to obtain a mixed material. The addition of the lubricant can enable the quasicrystal powder to have better fluidity, and the pressing and demoulding are easier in the subsequent process; and the adhesive can further improve the flow property of the quasicrystal powder.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the additives may include a lubricant and a binder. The kind of the above-mentioned lubricant and binder is not particularly limited according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the lubricant and binder of the powder metallurgy process well known to those skilled in the art may be used. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant and the binder may be independently selected from at least one of zinc stearate (ZnSt), lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and Ethylene Bis Stearamide (EBS), respectively. Therefore, the fluidity of the mixed material can be further improved, and the mixed material is easier to press and demould in the subsequent process. At least one of zinc stearate, lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and ethylene bis-stearic acid amide functions as both a lubricant and a binder, and those skilled in the art can select the lubricant and the binder according to actual needs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the binder is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt% or 1.0 wt% of the quasicrystalline powder, and is fully mixed with the quasicrystalline powder by stirring.
S200: pot body pressing
In the step, the pot body is pressed by a pressing device, and the mixed material is applied to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot body can be pressed under the condition of proper heating, and the pressing temperature can be 90-150 ℃, such as 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ or 150 ℃. The pressing force may be 400 to 850MPa, for example 400MPa, 450MPa, 500MPa, 550MPa, 600MPa, 650MPa, 700MPa, 750MPa, 800MPa or 850 MPa. Therefore, the quasi-crystal layer can be further formed on the inner surface of the pot body by utilizing the mixed materials.
S300: sintering treatment
In the step, the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer is sintered so as to obtain the pot. Through sintering treatment, the originally mechanically mixed quasicrystal powder particles can be bonded through atomic diffusion at the sintering temperature, the bonding among the particles is enhanced, and the purpose of improving the strength and the density of a sintered body is realized.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sintering process may be performed in an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere) or vacuum, and the sintering process temperature is 700 to 1000 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃ or 1000 ℃. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the sintering process may include: heating to 150-250 deg.C, such as 150 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 190 deg.C, 210 deg.C, 230 deg.C or 250 deg.C, and maintaining for 20 min; heating to 350-450 deg.C, such as 350 deg.C, 370 deg.C, 390 deg.C, 410 deg.C, 430 deg.C or 450 deg.C, and maintaining for 10 min; heating to 700-1000 deg.C, such as 700 deg.C, 750 deg.C, 800 deg.C, 850 deg.C, 900 deg.C, 950 deg.C or 1000 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, the method of preparing a pot of the present invention further includes, before S300:
s400: pre-firing
In this step, the pot body on which the pseudo-crystal layer is formed is supplied to a pre-burning apparatus to be pre-burned. By pre-firing the pot body formed with the pseudo-crystal layer, at least a part of the lubricant and/or binder in the green compact can be effectively removed.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the burn-in conditions include: in a hydrogen atmosphere, heating to 400-450 ℃, for example 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min, so that pre-sintering is carried out at a temperature higher than that of the lubricant and/or the binder, the lubricant and/or the binder are easy to thermally decompose, and the purpose of burning off is achieved; and then heating to 600-650 ℃, such as 600 ℃, 610 ℃, 620 ℃, 630 ℃, 640 ℃ or 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 10-60 min, such as 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, thereby effectively eliminating the oxides on the surfaces of the quasicrystal powder particles and further being beneficial to improving the surface performance of the quasicrystal layer.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned pre-firing may be performed by placing the green compact in an aluminum wire resistance furnace.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 8, the method of preparing a pot of the present invention further includes: s500: powder preparation treatment and S600: and (5) smelting treatment. Specifically, the quasicrystal powder is prepared from a quasicrystal alloy ingot through powder processing S500, and the quasicrystal alloy ingot is formed through smelting processing S600 on a mixture containing at least one of aluminum material, copper material, iron material and chromium material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron and chromium in the above mixture are: 60-70% of aluminum, 10-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and 5-15% of chromium. Therefore, the quasicrystal content in the obtained quasicrystal layer can be higher.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum material is pure aluminum, the copper material is pure copper, the iron material is pure iron, and the chromium material is pure chromium or chromium-titanium alloy. The inventor finds that the chromium-titanium alloy is used as a chromium material for preparing the quasicrystal alloy ingot, namely, a proper amount of titanium element is added into quasicrystal, so that the intergranular corrosion tendency of the quasicrystal alloy can be further reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the quasicrystal alloy can be further improved. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum material, the copper material, the iron material, and the chromium material may be any of conventional products commercially available.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 9, the method of preparing a pot of the present invention further includes, after S300:
s700: polishing treatment
In this step, the pot obtained in S300 is polished. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot can be polished manually or mechanically, and the roughness of the obtained quasi-crystal layer is 0.08-1.25 μm in Ra, so that the appearance of the quasi-crystal layer can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 10, the method of preparing a pot of the present invention further includes, before S100:
s800: screening process
In this step, the quasicrystal alloy powder is subjected to a sieving process to obtain quasicrystal powder for S100.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the quasi-crystal powder obtained by screening, the particle size of at least 90 percent of particles is not more than 180 mu m. Therefore, the quasi-crystal powder with the granularity is used for forming the quasi-crystal layer, so that the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal layer can be effectively reduced, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is improved. And if the granularity of the quasi-crystal powder is too large, the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal layer can be increased, so that the porosity and the roughness of the obtained quasi-crystal layer are too large, water drops can be tiled on the surface of a coating layer due to the capillary action of pores, the hydrophobic angle is reduced, and the non-stick performance of the quasi-crystal layer is reduced.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a pot is provided. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot is prepared by the system or the method of the embodiment.
According to the pot tool disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal layer formed by the powder metallurgy process is arranged on the inner surface, so that the pot tool has excellent surface performance, the problem of coating falling does not exist, and the use experience is better. It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the system and method for preparing a pot are also applicable to the pot, and are not described in detail herein.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a system for preparing the pot. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: the device comprises a mixing device, a pressing device, a pre-sintering device and a sintering device. The mixing device is suitable for mixing the quasicrystal powder with the lubricant and the binder so as to obtain a mixed material; the pressing device is connected with the mixing device and is suitable for applying the mixed materials to the inner surface of the pot body so as to form a quasi-crystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body; the presintering device is connected with the pressing device and is suitable for presintering the pot body with the quasicrystal layer; the sintering device is connected with the pre-sintering device and is suitable for sintering the pot body which is subjected to pre-sintering and is provided with the quasicrystal layer so as to obtain the pot.
According to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal powder, the lubricant and the binder are mixed by the mixing device, the quasi-crystal powder has better fluidity due to the addition of the lubricant, and the quasi-crystal powder is easier to press and demould in the subsequent process; and the adhesive can further improve the flow property of the quasicrystal powder. And then the pot body of the pot is pressed by using a pressing device, and a mixture material comprising the quasicrystal powder, the lubricant and the binder is applied to the inner surface of the pot body to form a quasicrystal layer on the inner surface of the pot body. After at least a part of the lubricant and/or the binder is burned in the pre-burning mode, the pre-burning pot body with the quasi-crystal layer is subjected to sintering treatment by a sintering device, quasi-crystal powder particles in the quasi-crystal layer can be bonded through atomic diffusion, bonding among the particles is enhanced, strength and density of a quasi-crystal layer sintered body are further improved, and accordingly surface performance (such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like) of the inner surface of the pot body is further improved. Therefore, according to the system for preparing the pot, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the quasi-crystal layer is formed on the inner surface of the pot body of the pot through the powder metallurgy process, so that the surface performance of the pot can be obviously improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mixing device is adapted to mix the quasicrystalline powder with the lubricant and the binder so as to obtain a mixed material. The addition of the lubricant can enable the quasicrystal powder to have better fluidity, and the pressing and demoulding are easier in the subsequent process; and the adhesive can further improve the flow property of the quasicrystal powder.
The kind of the above-mentioned lubricant and binder is not particularly limited according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the lubricant and binder of the powder metallurgy process well known to those skilled in the art may be used. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant and the binder may be independently selected from at least one of zinc stearate (ZnSt), lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and Ethylene Bis Stearamide (EBS), respectively. Therefore, the fluidity of the mixed material can be further improved, and the mixed material is easier to press and demould in the subsequent process. At least one of zinc stearate, lithium stearate, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and ethylene bis-stearic acid amide functions as both a lubricant and a binder, and those skilled in the art can select the lubricant and the binder according to actual needs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the binder added is 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt% or 1.0 wt% of the quasicrystalline powder, and the binder is fully mixed with the quasicrystalline powder by stirring.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pressing means are connected to the mixing means and are adapted to apply the mixed material to the inner surface of the pot so as to form a pseudo-crystalline layer on the inner surface of the pot.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot body can be pressed under the condition of proper heating, and the pressing temperature can be 90-150 ℃, such as 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ or 150 ℃. The pressing force may be 400 to 850MPa, for example 400MPa, 450MPa, 500MPa, 550MPa, 600MPa, 650MPa, 700MPa, 750MPa, 800MPa or 850 MPa. Therefore, the quasi-crystal layer can be further formed on the inner surface of the pot body by utilizing the mixed materials.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pre-burning device is connected with the pressing device and is suitable for pre-burning the pot body with the quasi-crystal layer. By pre-firing the pot body formed with the pseudo-crystal layer, at least a part of the lubricant and/or binder in the green compact can be effectively removed.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the burn-in conditions include: in a hydrogen atmosphere, heating to 400-450 ℃, for example 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min, so that pre-sintering is carried out at a temperature higher than that of the lubricant and/or the binder, the lubricant and/or the binder are easy to thermally decompose, and the purpose of burning off is achieved; and then heating to 600-650 ℃, such as 600 ℃, 610 ℃, 620 ℃, 630 ℃, 640 ℃ or 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 10-60 min, such as 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, thereby effectively eliminating the oxides on the surfaces of the quasicrystal powder particles and further being beneficial to improving the surface performance of the quasicrystal layer.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned pre-firing may be performed by placing the green compact in an aluminum wire resistance furnace.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sintering device is connected with the pre-sintering device and is suitable for sintering the pre-sintered pot body with the quasicrystal layer so as to obtain the pot. Through sintering treatment, the originally mechanically mixed quasicrystal powder particles can be bonded through atomic diffusion at the sintering temperature, the bonding among the particles is enhanced, and the purpose of improving the strength and the density of a sintered body is realized.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sintering process may be performed in an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere) or vacuum, and the sintering process temperature is 700 to 1000 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃ or 1000 ℃. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the sintering process may include: heating to 150-250 deg.C, such as 150 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 190 deg.C, 210 deg.C, 230 deg.C or 250 deg.C, and maintaining for 20 min; heating to 350-450 deg.C, such as 350 deg.C, 370 deg.C, 390 deg.C, 410 deg.C, 430 deg.C or 450 deg.C, and maintaining for 10 min; heating to 700-1000 deg.C, such as 700 deg.C, 750 deg.C, 800 deg.C, 850 deg.C, 900 deg.C, 950 deg.C or 1000 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min. Therefore, the bonding between the quasi-crystal powder particles can be further facilitated, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system for preparing a pot may further include: provided is a polishing device. The polishing device is connected with the sintering device and is suitable for polishing the pot. According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot is polished to obtain the quasi-crystal layer with the roughness Ra of 0.08-1.25 μm, so that the appearance of the quasi-crystal layer can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system for preparing a pot may further include: and (4) a screening device. The screening device is connected with the mixing device and is suitable for screening the quasicrystal alloy powder so as to obtain the quasicrystal powder.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the quasi-crystal powder obtained by screening, the particle size of at least 90 percent of particles is not more than 180 mu m. Therefore, the quasi-crystal powder with the granularity is used for forming the quasi-crystal layer, so that the surface roughness of the quasi-crystal layer can be effectively reduced, and the surface performance of the quasi-crystal layer is improved. On the other hand, if the particle size of the quasicrystal powder is too large, the obtained quasicrystal layer may have too large porosity and too high roughness, and the surface properties may be degraded.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system for preparing a pot may further include: smelting device and powder process device. The smelting device is suitable for smelting a mixture containing at least one of aluminum materials, copper materials, iron materials and chromium materials so as to obtain a quasi-crystal alloy ingot; the powder preparation device is connected with the smelting device and the mixing device and is suitable for powder preparation treatment of the quasicrystal alloy ingot so as to obtain quasicrystal powder.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the smelting device can be a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the powder making device can be an atomized powder making device.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the quasi-crystal alloy ingot is formed by melting a mixture containing at least one of an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, and a chromium material. Therefore, the obtained quasi-crystal alloy ingot is more suitable for forming a quasi-crystal layer subsequently.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron and chromium in the above mixture are: 60-70% of aluminum, 10-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and 5-15% of chromium. Therefore, the quasicrystal content in the obtained quasicrystal layer can be higher.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum material is pure aluminum, the copper material is pure copper, the iron material is pure iron, and the chromium material is pure chromium or chromium-titanium alloy. The inventor finds that the chromium-titanium alloy is used as a chromium material for preparing the quasicrystal alloy ingot, namely, a proper amount of titanium element is added into quasicrystal, so that the intergranular corrosion tendency of the quasicrystal alloy can be further reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the quasicrystal alloy can be further improved. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum material, the copper material, the iron material, and the chromium material may be any of conventional products commercially available.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
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