阅读说明：本技术 一种从茯苓中提取硒多糖的提取装置及工艺 (Extraction device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos ) 是由 南占东 王成 赵静 黄毅华 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：发明公开了一种从茯苓中提取硒多糖的提取装置及工艺,它包括：步骤1)种植选料,步骤2)备料,步骤3)磨浆,步骤4)提取,步骤5)除杂,步骤6)脱色和除味,步骤7)浓缩干燥。本发明首先种植富含硒的茯苓,然后对茯苓进行磨浆处理,可以对细胞壁造成严重破坏,在后期的提取中,可以让多糖更加充分的溶解,并且对蛋白质进行两次分离,去除更加彻底,有效的解决了现有技术中提取工艺存在使用不方便和效率低的技术问题。(The invention discloses an extraction device and a process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos, and the extraction device comprises the following steps: step 1) planting and selecting materials, step 2) preparing materials, step 3) grinding, step 4) extracting, step 5) removing impurities, step 6) decoloring and deodorizing, and step 7) concentrating and drying. According to the invention, firstly, selenium-rich poria cocos is planted, then the poria cocos is subjected to pulp grinding treatment, so that cell walls can be seriously damaged, polysaccharide can be more fully dissolved in later-stage extraction, and protein is more thoroughly removed by twice separation, so that the technical problems of inconvenience in use and low efficiency of the extraction process in the prior art are effectively solved.)

1. An extraction device and a process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos comprise the following steps: step 1) planting and selecting materials, step 2) preparing materials, step 3) grinding, step 4) extracting, step 5) removing impurities, step 6) decoloring and deodorizing, and step 7) concentrating and drying.

2. The device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps:

step 1), planting and selecting materials, namely selecting pine sawdust, selenium-rich soil and acidic sandy as growth fungus materials, inoculating poria cocos hyphae, planting and culturing in a greenhouse with the temperature of 22-28 ℃, the humidity of 75-85% and bright light, and harvesting after 3-4 months;

step 2) preparing materials, namely cleaning and peeling the harvested poria cocos, cutting the poria cocos into slices, strips or blocks with the thickness of less than 1cm, and drying the cut poria cocos slices, strips or blocks, wherein the moisture content of the dried poria cocos is less than 5%;

step 3) pulping, namely putting the dried poria cocos into a pulping device, adding 3 times of distilled water by weight for pulping, sieving the pulp with a 200-mesh sieve, and adding 16-22 times of poria cocos by weight of a light saline solution with the concentration of 0.6-0.9% into the pulp;

step 4) extracting, namely raising the temperature of the mixed solution to 56-60 ℃, adding an acidic reagent into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6, starting ultrasonic extraction, adjusting the ultrasonic frequency to 35-38kHz and the power to 750w, extracting for 5 minutes, then adjusting the temperature to 62-65 ℃, soaking for 9-12 hours under the condition of stirring, and then carrying out atomization concentration at 75-80 ℃ until the original volume is 18-20%;

adding ethanol with the mass fraction of 95% and the volume of 3-5 times of that of the concentrated solution, standing for 7-8 hours, filtering, removing the filtrate, and keeping the filter residue;

step 5) removing impurities, cleaning filter residues by using an ether solution with 2 times of volume part, filtering, then mixing the residues with clear water with 5 times of mass part, adding 0.2-0.5% of proteolytic enzyme with mass part, and then removing protein by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method;

adjusting the pH value of the rest solution to 10.5 with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide solution, freezing and thawing at-17 deg.C, centrifuging, filtering to remove alkaline protein, and neutralizing with hydrochloric acid or acetic acid;

step 6) decoloring and deodorizing, namely adding 0.5 mass percent of adsorbent into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fibers, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 20-30 minutes, standing for 40 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at the rotating speed of 6000 revolutions per minute for 12 minutes, and filtering;

and 7) concentrating and drying, namely concentrating and drying the solution, putting the solution into an atomizer for evaporation and concentration to 20-25% of the original solution, then freeze-drying, putting the concentrated solution into a vacuum environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ below zero, and freeze-drying in vacuum at the pressure of 30-50 Pa for 12 hours or at the water content of less than 3% to obtain the water-soluble selenium polysaccharide powder.

3. The device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos as claimed in claim 2, wherein pine wood dust, selenium-rich soil and acidic sandy are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:2:1 in the planting and selecting process; the content of selenium element in the selenium-rich soil is not less than 6 ppm; the pH value of the bacterial material is adjusted to 5.5-6 by the acidic sandy soil.

4. The device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from Poria cocos wolf as claimed in claim 2, wherein during the grinding process, Poria cocos can be pulverized into 400 mesh powder, then 21-25 times of light saline solution is added, the concentration of the light saline solution is 0.6-0.9%, then the mixture is sheared for 15-30 minutes at a speed of not less than 6000 rpm in a high-speed shearing machine, and then the mixture is left for 10-20 minutes before extraction.

5. The device and the process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the decoloring and deodorizing processes, the proportion of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fibers in the adsorbent is 5: 2: 3.

6. the device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from Poria cocos wolf as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the removing impurities, filtering with microporous filtering membrane with pore size of 50-300 μm.

7. The device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos as claimed in claim 2, wherein the refining device comprises a crushing box and a milling box; a blanking channel and a liquid inlet pipe are arranged on the crushing box; a material box for containing the dry poria cocos is arranged on the blanking channel; a crushing motor is arranged on one side of the crushing box; a transmission shaft on the crushing motor extends into the crushing box, and a plurality of groups of rotary cutters are arranged in the crushing box; the bottom of the crushing box is provided with a movable bottom shell; the upper part of the grinding box is connected with the crushing box through a communicating pipe; the connecting height of the communicating pipe is positioned above the bottom shell and below the transmission shaft; a filter screen is arranged in the communicating pipe; a rotary drum connected in a rotating manner is arranged in the grinding box; the diameter of the roller is gradually narrowed upwards; the drum is provided with densely distributed 150-mesh meshes; a rotating shaft and a roller motor in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a chain are arranged on the roller; a slurry outlet and a cleaning port are arranged below the roller; and a pump set is arranged on the slurry outlet to enable the interior of the roller to be in a negative pressure state.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation extraction, and particularly relates to an extraction device and process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos.

Background

The poria cocos is a saprophytic fungus, is yellow brown in outer skin, white or pink white in inner skin and is mostly parasitic in pine saprophytic wood, and the poria cocos planted in selenium-rich areas such as the west of Hubei and the south of Shanxi in China contain a large amount of selenium-rich compounds, wherein the selenium polysaccharide content is the most abundant.

According to the investigation of the dietary structure of urban residents in China, the daily intake of adults with selenium is within the range of 20-30 mu g, which is seriously lower than the average intake of 50 mu g specified by the national nutrition society and national standards, and the maximum recommended daily intake of selenium of people in a sub-health state or in a sick state is up to 200 mu g, so that scientific selenium supplement is imperative.

Selenium polysaccharide is an organic selenium compound with dual activities of selenium and polysaccharide, has the effects of resisting tumors and aging, preventing diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is widely applied to the fields of foods, health-care products and the like.

At present, the processing treatment of extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos applies the following publication number: CN106046192A discloses a process for extracting polysaccharide from tuckahoe, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting poria cocos raw materials, carrying out ultrafine grinding to obtain poria cocos powder, (2) adding water to the poria cocos coarse powder, soaking the poria cocos coarse powder in the water, then carrying out treatment for 20-25min in 40000Hz ultrasonic waves, (3) carrying out centrifugal separation after water bath, (4) carrying out enzymolysis separation by adopting compound enzyme to obtain filtrate, (5) carrying out protein precipitation and filtration, centrifuging and collecting supernatant, (6) concentrating the pachyman extracting solution to 10-20 of the original volume to obtain pachyman concentrated solution, carrying out spray drying to obtain pachyman, (7) carrying out ultrafiltration, then carrying out column chromatography to obtain purified pachyman, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain pachyman.

Application publication No.: CN105418780A discloses an extraction process of polysaccharide in poria cocos, relates to an extraction process of traditional Chinese medicines, and more particularly relates to an extraction process of polysaccharide in poria cocos. The invention provides the extraction process of the polysaccharide in the poria cocos, which is short in time consumption and high in extraction rate. The method comprises the following steps of pretreating, extracting, adding distilled water into degreased tuckahoe powder at a material-liquid ratio of 1:15-1:25, carrying out ultrasonic extraction at 60-80 ℃ for 25-30 minutes with ultrasonic power of 200-280w, carrying out suction filtration, decolorization, concentration and deproteinization, dissolving crude polysaccharide by using double distilled water, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed solution of chloroform and n-butyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 4:1-5:1, shaking, taking supernatant, adding ethanol with a mass fraction of 95 of 3-5 times by volume, placing into a refrigerator, standing for 24 hours, centrifuging to obtain deproteinized tuckahoe polysaccharide, and washing to obtain the tuckahoe polysaccharide.

When the pachymaran is prepared by the method, the capability of damaging cell walls of cells in poria cocos is poor, the polysaccharide cannot be completely dissolved in a solution, and the polysaccharide chain is broken due to high temperature, so that the extraction efficiency is low; and the extracted polysaccharide contains a large amount of protein powder and peptide powder, so that the impurity content is high, and the quality is influenced. The polysaccharide extracted by the method has low selenium content or does not contain selenium.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and poor quality of extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos in the prior art, and provides an extraction device and a process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos to solve the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an extraction device and a process for extracting selenium polysaccharide from poria cocos comprise the following steps: step 1) planting and selecting materials, step 2) preparing materials, step 3) grinding, step 4) extracting, step 5) removing impurities, step 6) decoloring and deodorizing, and step 7) concentrating and drying.

Further, the process comprises the following steps:

step 1), planting and selecting materials, namely selecting pine sawdust, selenium-rich soil and acidic sandy as growth fungus materials, inoculating poria cocos hyphae, planting and culturing in a greenhouse with the temperature of 22-28 ℃, the humidity of 75-85% and bright light, and harvesting after 3-4 months;

step 2) preparing materials, namely cleaning and peeling the harvested poria cocos, cutting the poria cocos into slices, strips or blocks with the thickness of less than 1cm, and drying the cut poria cocos slices, strips or blocks, wherein the moisture content of the dried poria cocos is less than 5%;

step 3) pulping, namely putting the dried poria cocos into a pulping device, adding 3 times of distilled water by weight for pulping, sieving the pulp with a 200-mesh sieve, and adding 16-22 times of poria cocos by weight of a light saline solution with the concentration of 0.6-0.9% into the pulp;

step 4) extracting, namely raising the temperature of the mixed solution to 56-60 ℃, adding an acidic reagent into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6, starting ultrasonic extraction, adjusting the ultrasonic frequency to 35-38kHz and the power to 750w, extracting for 5 minutes, then adjusting the temperature to 62-65 ℃, soaking for 9-12 hours under the condition of stirring, and then carrying out atomization concentration at 75-80 ℃ until the original volume is 18-20%;

adding ethanol with the mass fraction of 95% and the volume of 3-5 times of that of the concentrated solution, standing for 7-8 hours, filtering, removing the filtrate, and keeping the filter residue;

step 5) removing impurities, cleaning filter residues by using an ether solution with 2 times of volume part, filtering, then mixing the residues with clear water with 5 times of mass part, adding 0.2-0.5% of proteolytic enzyme with mass part, and then removing protein by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method;

adjusting the pH value of the rest solution to 10.5 with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide solution, freezing and thawing at-17 deg.C, centrifuging, filtering to remove alkaline protein, and neutralizing with hydrochloric acid or acetic acid;

step 6) decoloring and deodorizing, namely adding 0.5 mass percent of adsorbent into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fibers, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 20-30 minutes, standing for 40 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at the rotating speed of 6000 revolutions per minute for 12 minutes, and filtering;

and 7) concentrating and drying, namely concentrating and drying the solution, putting the solution into an atomizer for evaporation and concentration until the concentration is 20-25% of the original solution, then freeze-drying, putting the concentrated solution into a vacuum environment with the temperature of minus 25 ℃, and freeze-drying in vacuum for 12 hours or with the water content of less than 3% under the vacuum degree of 30-50 Pa to obtain water-soluble selenium polysaccharide powder.

Further, in the planting and material selecting process, pine sawdust, selenium-rich soil and acidic sandy are mixed according to the weight ratio of 7:2: 1; the content of selenium element in the selenium-rich soil is not less than 6 ppm; the pH value of the bacterial material is adjusted to 5.5-6 by the acidic sandy soil.

Furthermore, in the grinding process, the tuckahoe can be firstly crushed into 400 meshes of powder, then 21-25 times of light saline solution is added, the concentration of the light saline solution is 0.6-0.9%, then the tuckahoe is sheared for 15-30 minutes at the speed of not less than 6000 revolutions per minute in a high-speed shearing machine, and then the tuckahoe is stood for 10-20 minutes and then extracted.

Further, in the decoloring and deodorizing process, the proportion of the activated carbon particle powder, the diatomite and the adsorption fiber in the adsorbent is 5: 2: 3.

further, in the impurity removal, a microporous filtering membrane is adopted for filtering, and the membrane pores are 50-300 mu m.

Further, the refining device comprises a crushing box and a grinding box; a blanking channel and a liquid inlet pipe are arranged on the crushing box; a material box for containing the dry poria cocos is arranged on the blanking channel; a crushing motor is arranged on one side of the crushing box; a transmission shaft on the crushing motor extends into the crushing box, and a plurality of groups of rotary cutters are arranged in the crushing box; the bottom of the crushing box is provided with a movable bottom shell; the upper part of the grinding box is connected with the crushing box through a communicating pipe; the connecting height of the communicating pipe is positioned above the bottom shell and below the transmission shaft; a filter screen is arranged in the communicating pipe; a rotary drum connected in a rotating manner is arranged in the grinding box; the diameter of the roller is gradually narrowed upwards; the drum is provided with densely distributed 150-mesh meshes; a rotating shaft and a roller motor in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a chain are arranged on the roller; a slurry outlet and a cleaning port are arranged below the roller; and a pump set is arranged on the slurry outlet to enable the interior of the roller to be in a negative pressure state.

According to the invention, firstly, selenium-rich poria cocos is planted, then the poria cocos is subjected to pulp grinding treatment, so that cell walls can be seriously damaged, polysaccharide can be more fully dissolved in later-stage extraction, and protein is more thoroughly removed by twice separation, so that the technical problems of inconvenience in use and low efficiency of the extraction process in the prior art are effectively solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a refining apparatus according to the present application.

In the figure: 1. a material box; 2. a blanking channel; 3. a liquid inlet pipe; 4. a crushing box; 5. a crushing motor; 6. a drive shaft; 7. a bottom case; 8. a rotary cutter; 9. filtering with a screen; 10. a communicating pipe; 11. a drum motor; 12. a rotating shaft; 13. a chain; 14. a milling box; 15. a drum; 16. mesh openings; 17. cleaning the opening; 18. and (6) a slurry outlet.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention in the description of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.