阅读说明：本技术 飞灰等离子处理装置 (Flying dust plasma processing apparatus ) 是由 涂强 舒小明 于 2019-10-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种飞灰等离子处理装置,涉及固体废物无害化处理技术领域,由下而上依次包括：熔融燃烧室、储氧室、进料室和出气增程室；熔融燃烧室的侧壁上倾斜安装有等离子炬发生器,熔融燃烧室的底部设有排渣口；储氧室的侧壁上倾斜安装有助燃气进气通道,助燃气进气通道上连接有可控阀门；进料室的侧壁上倾斜安装有进料通道,进料通道内壁上设有喷淋装置,进料室的腔体的直筒形下部的侧壁上倾斜向下相错安装有两片以上的隔气挡板；出气增程室的侧壁上连接有通气挡板,顶部设有合成气排出口,通气挡板围成通气通道供熔融燃烧产生的合成气向上传输,并从合成气排出口输出。本发明具有熔融温度恒定、无害化处理程度高的优点。(The invention discloses a fly ash plasma treatment device, which relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid waste, and sequentially comprises the following components from bottom to top: the melting combustion chamber, the oxygen storage chamber, the feeding chamber and the gas outlet range increasing chamber; a plasma torch generator is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber, and a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the melting combustion chamber; a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber, and a controllable valve is connected on the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel; the side wall of the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding channel in an inclined way, the inner wall of the feeding channel is provided with a spraying device, and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part of the cavity of the feeding chamber is provided with more than two gas-isolating baffles in an inclined way and a downward way; the side wall of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is connected with a ventilation baffle, the top of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet, and the ventilation baffle surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet. The invention has the advantages of constant melting temperature and high harmless treatment degree.)

1. The utility model provides a flying dust plasma processing apparatus which characterized in that includes from bottom to top in proper order: a melting combustion chamber (21), an oxygen storage chamber (22), a feeding chamber (23) and an air outlet range increasing chamber (24);

a plasma torch generator (211) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber (21), and a slag discharge port (213) is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber (21);

a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber (22), a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel (231) so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221);

the side wall of the feeding chamber (23) is obliquely provided with a feeding channel (231), the inner wall of the feeding channel (231) is provided with a spraying device for preparing fly ash into fly ash slurry, the feeding chamber (23) directly inputs the fly ash slurry through the feeding channel (231), the cavity of the feeding chamber (23) comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air-isolating baffles (232) are obliquely and downwards installed on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes capable of allowing the fly ash slurry to fall and output are formed between each air-isolating baffle (232) and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each air-isolating baffle (232) are staggered with each other;

the side wall of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber (24) is connected with a ventilation baffle (241), the top of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet (243), and the ventilation baffle (241) surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet (243).

2. A fly ash plasma treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plane of the melting furnace (21) is inclined to the side of the slag discharge port (213).

3. A fly ash plasma treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chamber of the oxygen storage chamber (22) is a pillar having a large lower part and a small upper part.

4. A fly ash plasma treatment device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the aeration channel enclosed by the aeration baffle (241) is spiral-shaped.

5. A fly ash plasma treatment device according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein a dust filtering device is provided in the aeration channel for filtering particulate impurities from the synthesis gas.

6. A fly ash plasma treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a first temperature sensor (212), a second temperature sensor (222), a third temperature sensor (233), a fourth temperature sensor (234), and a fifth temperature sensor (242);

the first temperature sensor (212) is connected and located at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber (21), the second temperature sensor (222) is connected and located at an outlet of a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221), the third temperature sensor (234) is connected and located at the lower portion of the feeding chamber (23), the fourth temperature sensor (234) is connected and located at the upper portion of the feeding chamber (23), and the fifth temperature sensor (242) is connected and located at a synthetic gas outlet (243).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid waste, in particular to a fly ash plasma treatment device.

Background

Along with the rapid development of economy, the urban garbage is also continuously increased, and the urban domestic garbage in China is increased at the speed of 8-10% per year at present. Along with the annual increase of the calorific value of the municipal solid waste and the continuous increase of the yield, a plurality of cities in China adopt an incineration method to treat the municipal solid waste. After the household garbage is burnt, some minerals and elements are concentrated in the burnt ash. Wherein the content of toxic elements is 10-100 times greater than that of the common soil, and the waste incineration ash contains high-concentration dioxin. National records of dangerous wastes clearly stipulate that the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage is dangerous waste, and the disposal of the fly ash must be strictly carried out according to the standards of the dangerous waste.

The traditional fly ash treatment methods mainly comprise cement solidification, chemical solidification, additive extraction and the like, and the treatment methods have the defects that the treatment methods are difficult to overcome, particularly the dioxin-like organic matters in the fly ash are difficult to remove and stabilize. The melting technology is a new incineration fly ash treatment technology developed in recent years, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of volume reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization. For example, chinese patent CN108043859A discloses a harmless treatment system for fly ash from incineration of household garbage, which mainly includes a fly ash pretreatment subsystem, a granulation subsystem, a plasma fusion treatment subsystem, and a tail gas treatment subsystem. Carrying out multi-stage water washing on fly ash generated by burning the domestic garbage to obtain fly ash filter residue; then mixing the fly ash filter residue with the formula addition material, and performing granulation treatment to form fly ash particles; then the fly ash particles are subjected to plasma melting treatment to form glass crystals, and the generated synthesis gas contains combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like, and has the quality slightly better than that of blast furnace gas. The syngas may be used to generate electricity to provide a power supply for the melt processing. The incineration fly ash is decomposed and melted at high temperature in the furnace to become vitreous slag, the volume is reduced, and heavy metals are solidified in the slag.

Compared with other gasification melting technologies, the plasma technology has the characteristics of high temperature and high heat density, and the technology can almost completely convert organic matters in carbon-based waste into synthesis gas (mainly CO and H)₂) While inorganic substances can become harmless ash (vitreous body). For the mixture of domestic garbage and incineration fly ash, the plasma gasification melting technology has been proved to be a kind of technology in foreign countriesReliable processing measures. In recent years, various garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment equipment has appeared in a plurality of countries, and some garbage gasification equipment which has obtained national patents also appears in China. However, most of the products can be rarely applied in China, and the main reasons are as follows: the gasification furnaces have high requirements on the selectivity of furnace charges, high treatment cost and unobvious economic benefits.

It is therefore evident that the above-mentioned conventional fly ash treatment techniques still have shortcomings and drawbacks in equipment structure, treatment method and use, and further improvements are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, embodiments of the present invention provide a fly ash plasma treatment apparatus with a constant melting temperature and a high degree of harmless treatment.

Therefore, the fly ash plasma treatment device of the embodiment of the invention sequentially comprises the following components from bottom to top: the melting combustion chamber, the oxygen storage chamber, the feeding chamber and the gas outlet range increasing chamber;

a plasma torch generator is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber, and a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the melting combustion chamber;

a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber, and a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel;

the side wall of the feeding chamber is obliquely provided with a feeding channel, the inner wall of the feeding channel is provided with a spraying device for preparing fly ash into fly ash, the feeding chamber directly inputs fly ash through the feeding channel, the cavity of the feeding chamber comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two gas-isolating baffles are obliquely and obliquely installed downwards on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes for falling and outputting raw materials are formed between each gas-isolating baffle and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each gas-isolating baffle are staggered with each other;

the side wall of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is connected with a ventilation baffle, the top of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet, and the ventilation baffle surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet.

Preferably, the bottom plane of the melting combustion chamber is inclined towards the slag discharge port side.

Preferably, the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber is a table column with a large lower part and a small upper part.

Preferably, the ventilation channel surrounded by the ventilation baffle is spiral.

Preferably, a dust filtering device is arranged in the ventilation channel and used for filtering particle impurities in the synthesis gas.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the temperature sensor comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor and a fifth temperature sensor;

the first temperature sensor is connected and located at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber, the second temperature sensor is connected and located at an outlet of a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel, the third temperature sensor is connected and located at the lower portion of the feeding chamber, the fourth temperature sensor is connected and located at the upper portion of the feeding chamber, and the fifth temperature sensor is connected and located at a synthetic gas outlet.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

according to the fly ash plasma treatment device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gas-isolating baffle plate can prevent the substances falling into the melting combustion chamber from rising, so that the feeding can be fully melted and combusted each time, the melting thoroughness degree of the raw materials is improved, the harmless treatment degree is improved, the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel can be prevented from rising, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved. The ventilation channel is formed by the ventilation baffle, the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized mode, ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced through the range increasing, and the ash can be deposited and filtered in the ventilation channel. The temperature value of the cavity is controlled by arranging the plurality of temperature sensors, so that the temperature in the cavity is further kept constant, the full degree of melting and burning is improved, and the harmless degree is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing one specific example of a fly ash plasma treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing another specific example of a fly ash plasma treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one specific example of a plasma torch generator in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view showing one specific example of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 21-melting combustion chamber, 211-plasma torch generator, 212-first temperature sensor, 213-slag outlet, 22-oxygen storage chamber, 221-combustion-supporting gas inlet channel, 222-second temperature sensor, 23-feeding chamber, 231-feeding channel, 232-gas-isolating baffle, 233-third temperature sensor, 234-fourth temperature sensor, 24-gas outlet range-increasing chamber, 241-ventilating baffle, 242-fifth temperature sensor, 243-synthetic gas outlet, 101-cathode electrode, 102-cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component, 103-middle electrode, 104-insulating part, 105-anode electrode, 202, 204-inclined downward gas supply channel, 203-inclined upward gas supply channel, 1021-first step, 1022-second step, 1023-blind groove, 1024-third step.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.