阅读说明：本技术 隔音件 (Sound insulation member ) 是由 宇都宫尚志 于 2020-02-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的目的在于提供发挥隔音功能的新型隔音件。隔音件(1)具有依次设置的第一导电强磁性体层(10)、带电绝缘体层(20)以及第二导电强磁性体层(35),带电绝缘体层(20)的带电部(22)与第一导电强磁性体层(10)、第二导电强磁性体层(35)电绝缘,第一导电强磁性体层(10)、带电绝缘体层(20)以及第二导电强磁性体层(35)中的任意层由于声波而振动,由此在第一导电强磁性体层(10)和第二导电强磁性体层(35)中磁场发生变化,使声波的能量作为热能而丧失,从而进行隔音。(The invention aims to provide a novel sound insulating material which can play a sound insulating function. The sound insulator (1) has a first conductive ferromagnetic layer (10), a charged insulator layer (20), and a second conductive ferromagnetic layer (35) which are arranged in this order, wherein a charged portion (22) of the charged insulator layer (20) is electrically insulated from the first conductive ferromagnetic layer (10) and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer (35), and any one of the first conductive ferromagnetic layer (10), the charged insulator layer (20), and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer (35) vibrates due to sound waves, whereby the magnetic field changes in the first conductive ferromagnetic layer (10) and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer (35), and the energy of the sound waves is lost as heat energy, thereby providing sound insulation.)

1. A sound-insulating member, characterized in that,

the sound insulator has a first conductive ferromagnetic layer, an electrified insulator layer, and a second conductive ferromagnetic layer arranged in this order,

the charging portion of the charged insulator layer is electrically insulated from the first and second ferromagnetic conductive layers,

any one of the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer, the charged insulator layer, and the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer vibrates by sound waves, whereby a magnetic field changes in the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer and the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer, energy of the sound waves is lost as heat energy, and sound insulation is performed.

2. The baffle member as claimed in claim 1,

the charged insulator layer is electrostatically and magnetically shielded by the first and second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layers.

3. The baffle member as claimed in claim 1 or 2,

a first gap layer is formed between the first conductive ferromagnetic body and the charged insulator, and a second gap layer is formed between the charged insulator and the second conductive ferromagnetic body,

the first conductive ferromagnetic layer and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer are configured to be movable relative to the charged insulator layer.

4. The baffle member as claimed in claim 3,

the first gap layer and the second gap layer are silica gel layers or silica rubber layers.

5. The baffle member as claimed in claim 1 or 2,

the charged insulator layer has:

a first charged insulator layer provided integrally with the first conductive ferromagnetic layer; and

a second charged insulator layer provided integrally with the second conductive ferromagnetic layer,

the first charged insulator layer and the second charged insulator layer are configured to be disposed to face each other with a gap layer as a vacuum layer interposed therebetween, and a repulsive force acting between the first charged insulator layer and the second charged insulator layer as a coulomb force is balanced with the ambient atmospheric pressure.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to sound insulators.

Background

Conventionally, various sound insulators have been provided, and are disclosed in, for example, the following patent documents. Conventional sound insulators mainly use sound-shielding materials (concrete, iron plates, and the like) that shield sound waves so as to reflect the sound waves and not transmit the sound, and sound-absorbing materials (glass wool, urethane foam, and the like) that convert the energy of the sound into thermal energy generated by friction and attenuate the energy as the sound waves.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2018-131013

Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-112204

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, since the sound shielding performance basically depends on the surface density (mass law), the sound shielding material is increased in size and weight in order to improve the sound shielding performance. In addition, the conventional sound insulation performance based on sound absorption is also limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a novel sound insulator that exhibits a sound insulating function.

Means for solving the problems

The sound insulator according to the present invention for solving the above-described problems is characterized by comprising a first ferromagnetic conductive layer, an electrically charged insulator layer, and a second ferromagnetic conductive layer, which are arranged in this order, wherein an electrically charged portion of the electrically charged insulator layer is electrically insulated from the first ferromagnetic conductive layer and the second ferromagnetic conductive layer, and any one of the first ferromagnetic conductive layer, the electrically charged insulator layer, and the second ferromagnetic conductive layer vibrates by a sound wave, whereby a magnetic field changes in the first ferromagnetic conductive layer and the second ferromagnetic conductive layer, energy of the sound wave is lost as thermal energy, and sound insulation is performed.

Effects of the invention

According to the sound insulator of the present invention, the magnetic field is changed in the conductive ferromagnetic layer by the vibration of the sound wave, and the energy of the sound wave is lost as heat energy, so that the energy of the sound wave can be reduced to exhibit the sound insulating effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a sound insulator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a sound insulator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a sound-insulating and heat-insulating member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a sound-insulating and heat-insulating material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the sound insulator is characterized in that the sound insulator performs sound insulation by generating an iron loss (magnetic loss) including an eddy current loss and a hysteresis loss by changing a magnetic field in the electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer by sound waves, and converting energy of sound into joule heat to reduce the joule heat (loss as thermal energy).

(first embodiment)

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The sound insulator 1 includes a first ferromagnetic conductive layer 10, an electrically charged insulator layer 20, a second ferromagnetic conductive layer 35, and a sealing frame 40 provided so as to cover the peripheries thereof, which are provided in this order. In fig. 2, the sealing frame 40 is omitted.

The first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer 35 are iron plates, but any other suitable material such as nickel or ferrite may be used as long as it is a plate having a conductive ferromagnetic body.

A first gap layer 15 is formed between the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 and the charged insulator layer 20, and in the present embodiment, a silicone rubber layer is provided in close contact with both layers. Due to the presence of the first gap layer 15, the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 and the charged insulator layer 20 can relatively vibrate.

The first gap layer 15 may be made of any material as long as it is a material having flexibility to allow the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 and the charged insulator layer 20 to vibrate relatively, a high relative dielectric constant, and an insulator. For example, the first gap layer 15 may be an air layer, but is preferably a layer having a high dielectric breakdown strength, and may be a silicone rubber layer.

The charged insulator layer 20 includes a first insulator layer 21, a first charged portion 22, and a second insulator layer 25, which are provided in this order. The first insulator layer 21 and the second insulator layer 25 are thin plates and are made of Kapton (registered trademark) which is a polyimide film having high heat resistance and high cold resistance.

The first charged portion 22 is formed by forming a copper foil on the inner surface of the first insulator layer 21 by electroplating, and then removing a predetermined portion by etching, thereby forming a plurality of circular copper foil portions arranged in a rectangular lattice shape.

Next, the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 is used as a negative electrode, and a high voltage is applied to each of the circular copper foil portions through contact pins to release the connection, thereby forming a plurality of positively charged circular electrically charged regions 23, and forming a first electrically charged portion 22 on the first insulator layer 21. In the present embodiment, the surface charge density σ of the first charged portion 22 is 1.0 × 10^-4[C/m²]。

Next, the charged insulator layer 20 is formed by bonding the second insulator layer 25 to the first insulator layer 21 from above the first charged portion 22, and sandwiching the first charged portion 22 between the first insulator layer 21 and the second insulator layer 25.

Similarly to the first gap layer 15, a second gap layer 30, in this embodiment, a silicone layer is provided between the charged insulator layer 20 and the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 35. By forming the second gap layer 30, the charged insulator layer 20 and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer 35 can be vibrated relatively. Like the first gap layer 15, the second gap layer 30 may be made of a flexible insulating material.

The sealing frame 40 is formed of a wire mesh or a metal sheet having conductivity, is integrated with the conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35, and performs electrostatic shielding and magnetic shielding of the inside and outside of the sound insulator 1.

Accordingly, the influence of the electric field generated by the electric charge of the first charged portion 22 does not reach the outside of the sound insulator 1, and the influence of the magnetic field generated by the first charged portion 22 does not reach the outside of the sound insulator 1. In order to achieve satisfactory electrostatic shielding, it is preferable to ground conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35 when sound insulator 1 is provided.

In addition, the sealing frame 40 may not be separately provided, and the peripheral edge portions of the conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35 may be bent to perform electrostatic and magnetic shielding.

Here, the size of the sound insulator 1 is exemplified. The sound insulator 1 is, for example, a plate having a longitudinal length of 20cm and a lateral length of 10 cm. The thickness of the first and second conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35 is 0.5mm, the thickness of the first and second gap layers 15 and 30 is 1mm, and the thickness of the first and second insulator layers 21 and 25 is 75 μm. In addition, circles of 4mm in diameter of the circular charging region 23 of the first charging section 22 are formed in a lattice shape at a pitch of 5 mm.

Next, the operation of the sound insulator 1 will be described. When sound waves pass through the sound insulator 1 having such a structure, for example, it is assumed that a compressional wave of sound enters the sound insulator 1 from the left side in the drawing.

First, a part of the incident acoustic wave is reflected at the incident surface, and a part thereof is transmitted through the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10. At this time, the plate-like first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 vibrates in the thickness direction by the acoustic wave, and moves relative to the first charged portion 22. Therefore, in the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 10, the magnetic field changes, and iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss) occurs, so that the energy of the acoustic wave is lost as heat energy, and the sound is reduced.

Further, the sound wave transmitted through the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 reaches the charged insulator layer 20, and the charged insulator layer 20 vibrates in the thickness direction. As a result, the magnetic field changes in the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10 and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer 35 that move relative to the first charged portion 22, and iron loss occurs, thereby reducing the energy of the acoustic wave.

The acoustic wave transmitted through the charged insulator layer 20 reaches the second ferromagnetic conductive layer 35, and the second ferromagnetic conductive layer 35 vibrates in the thickness direction. As a result, iron loss is generated in the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 35 moving relative to the first charged portion 22, and the energy of the acoustic wave is reduced.

When sound waves pass through sound insulator 1, sound absorption due to eddy current loss and hysteresis loss occurs in conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35, and the energy of sound transmitted to the opposite side is attenuated, so sound insulator 1 exhibits a large sound insulation effect.

Here, the surface potential V [ V ] of the first charged portion 22]By V ═ σ d/ε₀ε_s(d: thickness of insulator,. epsilon.)₀: dielectric constant of vacuum,. epsilon_s: the relative dielectric constant of silica gel). In the present embodiment, the surface charge density σ of the first charged portion 22 is 1.0 × 10^-4[C/m²]And d is 1.075mm (the thickness of the insulator layers 21, 25 is 75 μm, the thickness of the gap layers 15, 30 is 1mm), so the average V of the surface potential is 4049[ V ═ V []。

Since eddy current loss and hysteresis loss become large and the sound insulation performance can be improved if the surface charge density σ of the first charged portion 22 is large, the surface potential V of the first charged portion 22 becomes large in the gap layers 15 and 30 within a range where dielectric breakdown does not occur, but is preferable in terms of sound insulation performance.

Next, a method for manufacturing the sound insulator 1 will be described. First, the first gap layer 15 and the first insulator layer 21, which are silicon layers, are bonded and laminated on the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 10. In this state, as described above, the first charged portion 22 is formed on one surface of the first insulator layer 21.

Next, the charged insulator layer 20 having the electrically insulated first charged portion 22 therein is formed by bonding the second insulator layer 25 to the surface of the first insulator layer 21 on which the first charged portion 22 is formed.

Next, the second gap layer 30 and the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 35, which are silica gel layers, are sequentially bonded and laminated on the second insulator layer 25 side of the charged insulator layer 20, and the sealing frame 40 is provided, thereby manufacturing the sound insulator 1.

As described above, according to the sound insulator 1 of the first embodiment, the magnetic field in the electrically conductive ferromagnetic layers 10 and 35 changes due to the vibration caused by the incident sound, and the iron loss is generated, whereby the sound insulator can exhibit the sound insulating function of converting the vibration into the joule heat to reduce the sound energy.

(second embodiment)

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 3 and 4. In the present embodiment, a sound and heat insulating material 2 which forms a vacuum layer and has a heat insulating function in addition to a sound insulating function will be described.

The sound and heat insulator 2 includes a first ferromagnetic conductive layer 50, a first charged insulator layer 60, a second charged insulator layer 80, a second ferromagnetic conductive layer 90, and a sealing frame 95 provided around the ferromagnetic conductive layers 50, 90. In fig. 4, the sealing frame 95 is omitted.

As in the first embodiment, the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 and the second conductive ferromagnetic layer 90 are iron plates, and other materials can be used as appropriate.

The first charged insulator layer 60 is formed by charging the surface of an insulator, and includes a first insulator layer 61 and a first charged portion 62. The first insulator layer 61 is composed of a film of Kapton (registered trademark), as in the first embodiment.

The first charged portion 62 is formed by forming a copper foil on one surface of the first insulator layer 61 by plating, and then removing a predetermined portion by etching, thereby forming a plurality of circular copper foil portions arranged in a row. By applying a high voltage to the circular copper foil portions through contact pins using the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 as a negative electrode and releasing the connection, a plurality of positively charged circular electrically charged regions 63 are formed, and a first electrically charged portion 62 is formed on one surface of the first insulator layer 61.

The second charged insulator layer 80 has the same configuration as the first charged insulator layer 60, and includes a second insulator layer 81 and a second charging portion 82 (circular charging region 83) formed on one surface of the second insulator layer 81. In the present embodiment, the surface charge density σ of the charging portions 62 and 82 is 2.5 × 10^-3[C/m²]。

The first charged insulator layer 60 and the second charged insulator layer 80 are disposed so as to face each other with the first charged portion 62 and the second charged portion 82 facing each other with the gap layer 70 of the vacuum layer interposed therebetween. The gap layer 70 is formed by providing a spacer frame 71 made of silicon rubber between the first charged insulator layer 60 and the second charged insulator layer 80.

The inner surface of the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 is in close contact with the outer surface of the first charged insulator layer 60 on which the first charged portion 62 is not formed. However, as shown in fig. 3, the peripheral edge portion of the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 is thinned over the entire circumference, and a peripheral edge concave portion 51 that is concave on the inner surface of the first conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 is formed so as not to interfere with the first charged insulator layer 60.

Similarly, the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 90 has a peripheral edge recess 91 with an inner surface recessed so as not to interfere with the second charged insulator layer 80. By forming the peripheral edge recesses 51, 91 and the gap layer 70, the first charged insulator layer 60 and the second charged insulator layer 80 can be vibrated relatively in the thickness direction.

Here, if a set of the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 and the first electrically charged insulator layer 60 which are integrally adhered to each other is defined as the first plate 100, and a set of the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 90 and the second electrically charged insulator layer 80 which are integrally adhered to each other is defined as the second plate 200, the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 are opposed to each other with a vacuum layer (gap layer 70) interposed therebetween, and therefore, atmospheric pressure acts in a direction in which both of them approach each other.

Since the first charged insulator layer 60 and the second charged insulator layer 80 are both positively charged with the same charge, a repulsive force, which is a coulomb force, acts in the separating direction between the first plate 100 and the second plate 200.

In the case where the uniformly charged infinite planes are opposed to each other, the coulomb force is determined by the surface charge density regardless of the length of the gap between the plane plates. In contrast, in the case where the circular charged regions 63 and 83 are regularly arranged as in the present embodiment, the coulomb force depends on the length of the gap between the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 (the length of the gap between the first charged insulator layer 60 and the second charged insulator layer 80), and if the gap length changes, the repulsive force acting between the two changes. In the present embodiment, the gap length and the repulsive force are in a relationship in which the repulsive force monotonically decreases as the gap length increases.

Therefore, in an environment where the sound and heat insulator 2 is installed, if the atmospheric pressure changes, the first plate 100 and the second plate 200 are bent inward or outward in accordance with the change in the atmospheric pressure, and the gap length changes, so that the coulomb repulsion always changes in a balanced manner with the atmospheric pressure.

In the present embodiment, as described above, the peripheral edge concave portions 51 and 91 are formed on the peripheral edge inner surfaces of the ferromagnetic conductive layers 50 and 90, and the peripheral edge portions of the charged insulator layers 60 and 80 are not in close contact with each other, so that the peripheral edge portions of the charged insulator layers 60 and 80 are easily deformed and easily follow the change in atmospheric pressure.

The sealing frame 95 is constituted by a wire mesh and a metal sheet having conductivity, and is integrated with the conductive ferromagnetic layers 50 and 90, and performs electrostatic shielding and magnetic shielding of the inside and outside of the sound and heat insulator 2, as in the first embodiment. In order to achieve satisfactory electrostatic shielding, it is preferable to ground the ferromagnetic conductive layers 50 and 90 when the sound and heat insulator 2 is provided.

Here, the dimensions of the sound and heat insulator 2 will be described. The sound and heat insulator 2 is, for example, a plate having a longitudinal length of 20cm and a lateral length of 10 cm. The thickness of the first and second conductive ferromagnetic layers 50 and 90 is 0.5mm, the thickness of the first and second insulator layers 61 and 81 is 50 μm, and the thickness of the gap layer 70 is 0.8 mm. The circular charging regions 63 and 83 are formed in such a manner that circles having a diameter of 2mm are arrayed in a regular triangular lattice shape (staggered pattern) at a pitch of 2.5 mm.

Next, the operation of the sound and heat insulator 2 will be described. As in the first embodiment, a case is assumed where sound waves enter the sound and heat insulator 2 from the left side in the figure. In the present embodiment, the first plate 100 (the first ferromagnetic conductive layer 50 and the first charged insulator layer 60) and the second plate 200 (the second ferromagnetic conductive layer 90 and the second charged insulator layer 80) also vibrate in the thickness direction due to the sound waves incident on the sound-and heat-insulating material 2.

As described above, in the first electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 50 and the second electrically conductive ferromagnetic layer 90, the magnetic field changes to generate iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), and thereby the energy of the acoustic wave is lost as thermal energy, as in the first embodiment.

As described above, when sound waves pass through the sound and heat insulator 2, joule heat is generated in the conductive ferromagnetic layers 50 and 90, so that the energy of sound is reduced, and the sound and heat insulator 2 exerts a large sound insulation effect.

Here, the surface potential V of the charging portions 62 and 82 in the second embodiment is σ d/∈₀ε_s(d: thickness of insulator,. epsilon.)₀: dielectric constant of vacuum,. epsilon_s: relative dielectric constant of Kapton (registered trademark), surface charge density σ of the charging portions 62 and 82 is 2.5 × 10^-3[C/m²]D is 0.050mm (the thickness of the insulator layers 61, 81 is 50 μm), and therefore the average V of the surface potentials is 4154[ V [ ]]。

As described above, in the second embodiment, even at the same voltage as in the first embodiment, since the surface charge density σ is large, a medium for transmitting a compressional wave is not present in the vacuum portion, and therefore, the sound insulation performance can be further improved. In the second embodiment, since the gap layer 70 is a vacuum layer, convection and conduction of heat can be suppressed, and a high heat insulating function can be exhibited.

In particular, in the present embodiment, a core material such as a spacer is not provided in the gap layer 70, and the vacuum layer is maintained by using a repulsive force which is a coulomb force, so that a simple structure can be realized, and high heat insulation performance can be exhibited without conducting heat via the core material.

Next, a method for producing the sound and heat insulator 2 will be described. First, the first ferromagnetic conductive layer 50 is bonded and laminated on the outer side of the first charged insulator layer 60, and the second ferromagnetic conductive layer 90 is bonded and laminated on the outer side of the second charged insulator layer 80, thereby forming the first plate 100 and the second plate 200.

The first plate 100 and the second plate 200 are bonded to each other with the charging portions 62 and 82 inside, with the spacer frame 71 interposed therebetween. Here, since the gap layer 70 formed by the spacer frame 71 is a vacuum layer, the charging operation and the bonding operation of the circular charging regions 63 and 83 are performed in a vacuum chamber.

After the bonding, the gap layer 70 is sealed by the spacer frame 71. Next, the sound and heat insulator 2 is manufactured by providing the sealing frame 95.

As described above, according to the sound and heat insulator 2 of the second embodiment, the magnetic field in the electrically conductive ferromagnetic layers 50 and 90 changes due to the vibration caused by the incident sound, and the iron loss is generated, whereby the sound insulating function of converting the vibration into joule heat and reducing the sound energy can be exhibited. The gap layer 70 of the sound and heat insulator 2 is a vacuum layer, and can also exhibit a high heat insulating function.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the shape, size, material, and the like of each member constituting the sound insulator and the sound and heat insulator can be appropriately changed.

The charging type of the charged insulator, that is, the shape, size, arrangement pitch, and the like of the charged region can be appropriately changed. However, the shape of the charged region is preferably circular, elliptical, or regular polygonal so that the charges are not shifted.

In addition, the charged insulator may be negatively charged. The charging method is not limited to ion implantation, and other suitable charging methods such as triboelectric charging, peeling charging, induction charging, polarization, and coating of an insulator with a charged material can be used.

Description of the reference symbols

1: a sound insulating member; 10: a first conductive ferromagnetic layer; 15: a first gap layer; 20: a charged insulator layer; 21: a first insulator layer; 22: a first charging section; 23: a circular charged area; 25: a second insulator layer; 30: a second gap layer; 35: a second conductive ferromagnetic layer; 40: a sealing frame; 2: a sound and heat insulating member; 50: a first conductive ferromagnetic layer; 51: a peripheral recess; 60: a first charged insulator layer; 61: a first insulator layer; 62: a first charging section; 63: a circular charged area; 70: a gap layer (vacuum layer); 71: a spacer frame; 80: a second charged insulator layer; 81: a second insulator layer; 82: a second charging section; 83: a circular charged area; 90: a second conductive ferromagnetic layer; 91: a peripheral recess; 95: a sealing frame; 100: a first plate; 200: a second plate.