阅读说明：本技术 一种利于降解的塑料原料的制备方法 (Preparation method of plastic raw material beneficial to degradation ) 是由 杨传荣 刘新安 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利于降解的塑料原料的制备方法,按重量份计,首先将降解树脂粉料30-40份、甘油淀粉酯10-14份、变性淀粉35-42份送入捏合机中捏合15-20分钟；然后将捏合好的原料加入到混炼机的粉碎箱中,然后依次加入分散剂3-5份、复合偶联剂2-3份、增塑剂4-8份、抗氧剂2-5份、荧光增白剂1-3份、紫外线吸收剂0.5-2份、填充剂2.5-8份；本发明所使用的淀粉、聚乙烯醇均是易于生物降解的高分子材料,有利于消除“白色”污染,保护环境。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a plastic raw material beneficial to degradation, which comprises the following steps of feeding 30-40 parts of degraded resin powder, 10-14 parts of glycerol starch ester and 35-42 parts of modified starch into a kneader and kneading for 15-20 minutes; adding the kneaded raw materials into a crushing box of a mixing roll, and then sequentially adding 3-5 parts of a dispersing agent, 2-3 parts of a composite coupling agent, 4-8 parts of a plasticizer, 2-5 parts of an antioxidant, 1-3 parts of a fluorescent whitening agent, 0.5-2 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent and 2.5-8 parts of a filler; the starch and polyvinyl alcohol used in the invention are both high molecular materials which are easy to biodegrade, thus being beneficial to eliminating 'white' pollution and protecting the environment.)

1. A preparation method of plastic raw materials beneficial to degradation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, feeding 30-40 parts of degradable resin powder, 10-14 parts of glycerol starch ester and 35-42 parts of modified starch into a kneader to be kneaded for 15-20 minutes; adding the kneaded raw materials into a crushing box of a mixing roll, and then sequentially adding 3-5 parts of a dispersing agent, 2-3 parts of a composite coupling agent, 4-8 parts of a plasticizer, 2-5 parts of an antioxidant, 1-3 parts of a fluorescent whitening agent, 0.5-2 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent and 2.5-8 parts of a filler; driving a second rotating motor to drive a first screw, a second screw, a crushing plate and a crushing rod to rotate, crushing various raw materials by the crushing plate and the crushing rod, and uniformly mixing the crushed raw materials by the first screw and the second screw to prepare a mixture; finally, the cylinder is driven, the rocker arm is pushed to rotate through the piston rod, the inclined plate is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the mixture is sent into the outer barrel;

step two, a driving motor is started, the driving motor drives a speed reducer to rotate through a synchronous belt wheel set, the speed reducer drives a third screw to rotate through a coupler, the mixture is kneaded into a dough shape under the action of rotation of the third screw and rolls forward along a screw groove to be mixed, meanwhile, a hot air fan is driven to heat an outer cylinder to melt the mixture to obtain a mixed material, cold water is input through a water inlet pipe, hot water is discharged through a water discharge pipe after a circulating water pipe is cooled and cooled, the temperature is kept constant, the temperature is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 165 ℃, the mixed material is discharged through a perforated plate, a shunting cone and a granulating machine head to be extruded, then a first rotating motor is driven to drive a blade to rotate, the extruded mixed material is cut to obtain mixed particles, the mixed particles are discharged through a discharge port and fall into a discharge hopper, the motor is started, and a long ejector rod and a short ejector rod are, under the action of the spring, the long ejector rods and the short ejector rods drive the screen to vibrate through the fixing rods, screening is carried out, mixed particles with large particle sizes pass through the screen, the mixed particles with small particle sizes are screened down and are collected by the material collecting bin, and the screening device can.

2. The method for preparing the degradation-friendly plastic raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glycerol starch ester is prepared by the following steps:

the saponification-grade glycerol is firstly pumped into an enamel reaction kettle, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, starch with the same weight proportion is gradually added under stirring, the glycerol and the starch are uniformly pyrolyzed, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ within 60-80 minutes, then the temperature is stopped raising, the temperature is kept constant for 30 minutes at the temperature, then the temperature is lowered to 40 ℃, and discharging is carried out, thus obtaining the glycerol starch ester.

3. The method for preparing the plastic raw material beneficial to degradation according to claim 1, wherein the modified starch is prepared by the following steps:

taking 63 parts of starch, 25 parts of saponification-level glycerol, 7 parts of urea and 5 parts of ethylene acrylic acid copolymer by weight, kneading by a kneader, and granulating in a single-screw extruder at 140 ℃.

4. The method for preparing a degradable plastic raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the degradable resin powder comprises the following steps:

firstly, weighing 40-60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-40 parts of n-butyl aldehyde, 40-60 parts of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 31% and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate in parts by weight; adding 620 portions of distilled water 580 into a dissolving kettle, heating to 68-72 ℃, slowly adding polyvinyl alcohol while stirring, gradually heating to 95 ℃, dissolving at constant temperature in the dissolving kettle for 4 hours to change the polyvinyl alcohol into a water solution, filtering, transferring into an acetal kettle, cooling to 50 ℃, adding n-butyl aldehyde, continuously cooling to 13-23 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, then preserving heat at 18-20 ℃ for 1 hour, preserving heat at 20-25 ℃ for 1.5 hours, preserving heat at 25-30 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 35-40 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 40-45 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 45-50 ℃ for 0.5 hour, cooling to 30 ℃ after preserving heat, taking out from the acetal kettle, putting into a washing kettle for filtering, washing with tap water to pH 6-7, washing with distilled water to normal temperature, adding sodium bicarbonate for stabilization, the stabilization time was 120 minutes; and (3) transferring the stabilized liquid material into drying equipment, and atomizing and drying to obtain the degraded resin powder.

5. The method for preparing a degradable plastic raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite coupling agent is a composite of silane and titanate coupling agent.

6. The method for preparing a degradable plastic raw material according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent whitening agent is a special whitening agent for plastics.

7. The method for preparing a degradation-friendly plastic raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ].

8. A method of preparing a degradation-friendly plastic feedstock as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ultraviolet light absorber is UV-9.

9. The method for preparing a degradable plastic raw material according to claim 1, wherein the filler is pure wood flour; the plasticizer is an epoxy soybean plasticizer; the dispersing agent is polyethylene wax.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plastic raw material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a degradable plastic raw material.

Background

The use of a large amount of plastics generates a plurality of disposable plastic wastes which cannot be recycled, and increasingly serious 'white pollution', such as underground water pollution and soil pollution, damage to animal and plant resources and serious harm to the survival and health of human beings, is caused. The starch has the characteristics of regeneration, low price, easy storage and convenient transportation, and can carry out various reactions under certain conditions to derive a plurality of derivatives.

A preparation method of a plastic particle raw material is disclosed in patent No. CN107891541A, but the plastic particle raw material is not easy to decompose after the preparation is finished, and is easy to cause white pollution; in addition, in the preparation process, raw materials are not convenient to crush and pre-mix, preparation is not convenient for subsequent mixing, and meanwhile, in the extrusion granulation process, the constant extrusion temperature cannot be ensured, so that the extrusion effect is poor, the extruded mixed particles cannot be screened, and the use is facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a plastic raw material beneficial to degradation.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a plastic raw material beneficial to degradation comprises the following steps:

firstly, feeding 30-40 parts of degradable resin powder, 10-14 parts of glycerol starch ester and 35-42 parts of modified starch into a kneader to be kneaded for 15-20 minutes; adding the kneaded raw materials into a crushing box of a mixing roll, and then sequentially adding 3-5 parts of a dispersing agent, 2-3 parts of a composite coupling agent, 4-8 parts of a plasticizer, 2-5 parts of an antioxidant, 1-3 parts of a fluorescent whitening agent, 0.5-2 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent and 2.5-8 parts of a filler; driving a second rotating motor to drive a first screw, a second screw, a crushing plate and a crushing rod to rotate, crushing various raw materials by the crushing plate and the crushing rod, and uniformly mixing the crushed raw materials by the first screw and the second screw to prepare a mixture; finally, the cylinder is driven, the rocker arm is pushed to rotate through the piston rod, the inclined plate is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the mixture is sent into the outer barrel;

step two, a driving motor is started, the driving motor drives a speed reducer to rotate through a synchronous belt wheel set, the speed reducer drives a third screw to rotate through a coupler, the mixture is kneaded into a dough shape under the action of rotation of the third screw and rolls forward along a screw groove to be mixed, meanwhile, a hot air blower is driven to heat an outer cylinder to melt the mixture to obtain a mixed material, cold water is input through a water inlet pipe, hot water is discharged through a water discharge pipe after a circulating water pipe is cooled and cooled, the temperature is kept constant, the temperature is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 165 ℃, the mixed material is discharged through a porous plate, a shunting cone and a granulating machine head in sequence to be extruded, then a first rotating motor is driven to drive a blade to rotate, the extruded mixed material is cut into a required shape to obtain mixed particles, the mixed particles are discharged through a discharge port and fall into a discharge hopper, and the motor is started, drive long ejector pin and short ejector pin through the pivot and rotate, in the effect of spring, long ejector pin and short ejector pin pass through the dead lever and drive the screen cloth vibration, screen, and the mixed granule that the particle diameter is big passes through screen cloth upper surface roll-off ejection of compact funnel, and the mixed granule that the particle diameter is little is screened down to collect by receiving the feed bin, can.

As a further scheme of the invention: the glycerol starch ester is prepared by the following steps:

the saponification-grade glycerol is firstly pumped into an enamel reaction kettle, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, starch with the same weight proportion is gradually added under stirring, the glycerol and the starch are uniformly pyrolyzed, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ within 60-80 minutes, then the temperature is stopped raising, the temperature is kept constant for 30 minutes at the temperature, then the temperature is lowered to 40 ℃, and discharging is carried out, thus obtaining the glycerol starch ester.

As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the modified starch comprises the following steps:

taking 63 parts of starch, 25 parts of saponification-level glycerol, 7 parts of urea and 5 parts of ethylene acrylic acid copolymer by weight, kneading by a kneader, and granulating in a single-screw extruder at 140 ℃.

As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the degradable resin powder comprises the following steps:

firstly, weighing 40-60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-40 parts of n-butyl aldehyde, 40-60 parts of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 31% and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate in parts by weight; adding 620 portions of distilled water 580 into a dissolving kettle, heating to 68-72 ℃, slowly adding polyvinyl alcohol while stirring, gradually heating to 95 ℃, dissolving at constant temperature in the dissolving kettle for 4 hours to change the polyvinyl alcohol into a water solution, filtering, transferring into an acetal kettle, cooling to 50 ℃, adding n-butyl aldehyde, continuously cooling to 13-23 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, then preserving heat at 18-20 ℃ for 1 hour, preserving heat at 20-25 ℃ for 1.5 hours, preserving heat at 25-30 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 35-40 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 40-45 ℃ for 0.5 hour, preserving heat at 45-50 ℃ for 0.5 hour, cooling to 30 ℃ after preserving heat, taking out from the acetal kettle, putting into a washing kettle for filtering, washing with tap water to pH 6-7, washing with distilled water to normal temperature, adding sodium bicarbonate for stabilization, the stabilization time was 120 minutes; and (3) transferring the stabilized liquid material into drying equipment, and atomizing and drying to obtain the degraded resin powder.

As a further scheme of the invention: the composite coupling agent is a composite of silane and titanate coupling agent.

As a further scheme of the invention: the fluorescent whitening agent is a special whitening agent for plastics.

As a further scheme of the invention: the antioxidant is tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

As a further scheme of the invention: the ultraviolet absorbent is UV-9.

As a further scheme of the invention: the filler is pure wood powder; the plasticizer is an epoxy soybean plasticizer; the dispersing agent is polyethylene wax.

As a further scheme of the invention: the mixing roll comprises a base, wherein a driving motor is arranged at one end inside the base and is connected with a speed reducer arranged at one end of the top of the base through a synchronous belt wheel set, one end, far away from the synchronous belt wheel set, of the speed reducer is connected with a third screw through a coupler, a box body is arranged outside the speed reducer and the coupler, the third screw is of a hollow structure, an outer barrel is arranged outside the third screw, and a conveying mechanism is fixedly arranged at one end, close to the speed reducer, of the outer barrel;

the conveying mechanism comprises a mixing box, a crushing box, a support frame, a second rotating motor, an installation box, a discharge port, an inclined plate, a rotating shaft, a rocker arm, a cylinder, a first screw rod, a second screw rod, a crushing plate and a crushing rod, wherein the support frame is of a hollow structure, the bottom end of one side of the support frame is fixedly provided with the second rotating motor, the second rotating motor is in transmission connection with the first screw rod and the second screw rod, the first screw rod and the second screw rod are in rotating connection in the mixing box, and one end of the mixing box is fixedly installed on the support frame and is positioned right above the second rotating motor; a mounting box is fixedly mounted on one side of the mixing box, an air cylinder is fixedly mounted in the mounting box, a piston rod of the air cylinder is movably connected with a rocker arm, the rocker arm is movably connected with one end of a rotating shaft, the other end of the rotating shaft is movably connected with the mixing box, and an inclined plate is mounted on the rotating shaft; the second screw is in transmission connection with the crushing rod; the crushing rod is uniformly provided with crushing plates, and the crushing plates are in a threaded shape; the crushing rod and the crushing plate are both arranged in the crushing box, and the crushing box is fixedly arranged at the top of the mixing box;

a shell is arranged outside the outer barrel, the shell is fixedly arranged on the base, an air heater is uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the top of the base and used for heating the outer barrel, a circulating water pipe penetrates through the speed reducer and the coupler and extends into the third screw rod, one end of the circulating water pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe, and the other end of the circulating water pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe;

one end, far away from the speed reducer, of the outer cylinder is connected with a perforated plate, one side of the perforated plate is provided with a shunting cone, one side of the shunting cone is fixedly provided with a granulating machine head, and one side of the granulating machine head is fixedly provided with a cutting mechanism;

the cutting mechanism comprises a first rotating motor, a blade, a fixed seat and a discharge outlet, the fixed seat is of a hollow structure, the first rotating motor is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed seat, the blade is fixedly installed on one side of the first rotating motor, and the discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the fixed seat;

a discharging funnel is fixedly arranged right below the discharging opening, supporting blocks are fixedly arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of two sides of the inner wall of the discharging funnel, the tops of the two supporting blocks are connected with a screen through springs, the screen and the discharging funnel are arranged at an angle of 30-60 degrees, one end of the screen extends out of the discharging funnel, a fixing rod is fixedly arranged in the center of the bottom of the screen, the fixing rod is matched with a long ejector rod and a short ejector rod for use, the long ejector rod and the short ejector rod are arranged outside a rotating shaft in a crossed mode, and the rotating shaft is driven by a motor;

the ejection of compact funnel is installed on air pipe, air-blower connection of installation on air pipe's one end and the fixing base, the other end is connected with receiving the material storehouse.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the starch and polyvinyl alcohol used in the invention are both high molecular materials which are easy to biodegrade, thus being beneficial to eliminating 'white' pollution and protecting the environment. As a natural high molecular compound, the starch, especially amylose, has the performance similar to that of fiber, and has wide sources, various varieties and low cost. The prepared starch-based degradable plastic can be completely degraded in various natural environments, the material can generate photoinitiated reaction after absorbing ultraviolet light, so that the bond energy is weakened, the material is split into fragments with lower molecular weight, the fragments with lower molecular weight are further oxidized in the air to generate free radical chain scission reaction, the fragments are further degraded into low molecular weight compounds which can be biodegraded, and finally the low molecular weight compounds are decomposed into CO₂And H₂O, low environmental pollution. The invention has simple process and obvious degradation effect, and is easy for industrial production;

in the preparation process, the kneaded raw materials are firstly added into a crushing box of a mixing roll, and then various auxiliary agents are sequentially added; the second rotating motor is driven to work, the first screw rod and the second screw rod are driven to rotate through the chain, the second screw rod drives the crushing rod to rotate through the chain, the crushing rod drives the crushing plate to rotate, the crushing plate and the crushing rod crush various raw materials, subsequent mixing is facilitated, and meanwhile the crushing plate is threaded, so that the crushing effect is better; the first screw and the second screw uniformly mix the crushed raw materials to prepare a mixture, so that the subsequent mixing treatment is facilitated; finally, the cylinder is driven, the rocker arm is pushed to rotate through the piston rod, the inclined plate is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft and is inclined downwards, and the mixture is sent into the outer barrel; in the mixing process, the air cylinder drives the piston rod to contract, and the inclined plate is driven to be in a horizontal position through the rocker arm, so that the raw materials are mixed by the screw rod, the materials are conveniently discharged, and the materials are conveniently mixed;

then a driving motor is started, the driving motor drives a speed reducer to rotate through a synchronous pulley group, the speed reducer drives a third screw to rotate through a coupler, the mixture is kneaded into a dough shape under the action of rotation of the third screw and rolls forward along a screw groove to be mixed, meanwhile, a hot air blower is driven to heat an outer cylinder to melt the mixture to obtain a mixed material, cold water is input through a water inlet pipe, hot water is discharged through a water discharge pipe after a circulating water pipe is cooled and cooled, the temperature is kept constant, the melting effect is good, the mixed material flows out through a perforated plate, a shunting cone and a granulating machine head in sequence to be extruded, then a first rotating motor is driven to drive a blade to rotate, the extruded mixed material is cut into a required shape to obtain mixed particles, the mixed particles are discharged from a discharge port and fall into a discharge hopper, the motor is started, and a long ejector rod and a short ejector rod are driven to, under the effect of spring, long ejector pin and short ejector pin pass through the dead lever and drive the screen cloth vibration from top to bottom, screen, and the mixed granule that the particle diameter is big passes through screen cloth upper surface roll-off ejection of compact funnel, and under the mixed granule that the particle diameter is little screened, be convenient for sieve the mixed granule to collect by receiving the feed bin, can.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mixer of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a mixer of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of a mixer in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the area A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cutting mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the discharge hopper of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the conveying mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an explosive structure of the conveying mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a box body; 3. a conveying mechanism; 31. a mixing box; 32. a crushing box; 33. a support frame; 34. a second rotating electrical machine; 35. mounting a box; 36. a discharge port; 37. a sloping plate; 38. a rotating shaft; 39. a rocker arm; 310. a cylinder; 311. a first screw; 312. a second screw; 313. a crushing plate; 314. crushing the stems; 4. a housing; 5. a blower; 6. a ventilation duct; 7. a material receiving bin; 8. a synchronous pulley group; 9. a water inlet pipe; 10. a circulating water pipe; 11. a speed reducer; 12. a coupling; 13. a drive motor; 14. an outer cylinder; 15. a hot air blower; 16. a cutting mechanism; 161. a first rotating electrical machine; 162. a blade; 163. a fixed seat; 164. a discharge outlet; 17. a third screw; 18. a discharging hopper; 181. a spring; 182. a support block; 183. screening a screen; 184. a long ejector rod; 185. a short ejector rod; 186. a rotating shaft; 187. fixing the rod; 19. a granulator head; 20. a perforated plate; 21. a spreader cone; 22. and a water discharge pipe.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.