阅读说明：本技术 一种可阻隔盐碱上升的盐碱地改良剂及其制备方法和应用 (Saline-alkali soil improver capable of preventing saline-alkali rising and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 宋福如 宋利强 宋志强 宋聚强 程东娟 郭海刚 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种可阻隔盐碱上升的盐碱地改良剂及其制备方法和应用,盐碱地改良剂按质量百分比含有以下成分原料：氮≥10%,P2O5≥10%,K2O≥5%,腐殖质类有机物≥20%,复合有机硅1-2%,余量为水。盐碱地改良剂作为底肥施用于土壤,施用后耕作土壤,使盐碱地改良剂与土壤充分混合,耕作后灌水。通过施用该改良剂,可以将土壤表层的盐碱成分经过灌溉淋溶到地下,阻隔地下水上升,为土壤提供养分,改良盐碱地土壤结构,改良剂中的腐殖质类有机物能够增加盐碱地土壤中有机质含量,促进土壤团粒结构的形成,同时降低土壤的pH值,通过每年施用改良剂,可不断补充改良剂,避免改良剂降解导致阻隔层的失效。(The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil modifier capable of blocking saline-alkali rising and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the saline-alkali soil modifier comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: more than or equal to 10 percent of nitrogen, more than or equal to 10 percent of P2O5, more than or equal to 5 percent of K2O, more than or equal to 20 percent of humus organic matters, 1-2 percent of compound organic silicon and the balance of water. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to soil as a base fertilizer, the soil is cultivated after the application, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is fully mixed with the soil, and water is irrigated after cultivation. Through using this amendment, can dissolve the saline and alkaline composition on soil surface layer underground through the irrigation leaching, separation groundwater rises, for soil provides the nutrient, improvement saline and alkaline land soil structure, humus class organic matter in the amendment can increase organic matter content in the saline and alkaline land soil, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, reduces the pH value of soil simultaneously, through using the amendment every year, can constantly supply the amendment, avoids the amendment degradation to lead to the inefficacy of barrier layer.)

1. The saline-alkali soil improver capable of preventing saline-alkali rising is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the nitrogen content is more than or equal to 10%, the P2O5 content is more than or equal to 10%, the K2O content is more than or equal to 5%, the humus organic matter content is more than or equal to 20%, the composite organic silicon content is 1-2%, and the balance is water.

2. The saline-alkali soil improver capable of obstructing the saline-alkali soil from rising according to claim 1, wherein the humus organic matters are one or more of decomposed straws, livestock and poultry manure, decomposed straws and industrially manufactured humus.

3. The saline-alkali soil improver capable of blocking the saline-alkali rise according to claim 2, wherein the industrially produced humus comprises humus produced from lignite.

4. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver capable of obstructing the rise of saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the steps of uniformly stirring the components of the saline-alkali soil improver according to the proportion to prepare a mixture; and granulating the mixture to prepare the saline-alkali soil improver.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixture is granulated to a particle size of less than 5 mm.

6. The application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner capable of obstructing the saline-alkali rise in the saline-alkali soil improvement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps: the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to soil as a base fertilizer, the soil is cultivated after the application, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is fully mixed with the soil, and water is irrigated after cultivation.

7. The use of claim 6, wherein the saline and alkaline land improver is applied at a rate of less than 50 kg/acre.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improver capable of preventing saline-alkali rising and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, but the area of saline-alkali soil accounts for more than 10% of the area of cultivated land. The saline-alkali soil is improved mostly by an irrigation salt washing method, an underground concealed pipe salt discharge method and a chemical improvement method, but a large amount of fresh water resources are consumed by irrigation salt washing, so that the method is not suitable for most regions in China with shortage of water resources; the underground concealed pipe is adopted for salt discharge, so that the operation difficulty is high, the labor intensity is high, the cost is high, and the method is not suitable for rural areas where people are continuously lost in China; the chemical improvement method for improving the soil by using the modifying agents such as aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate and the like has the disadvantages of large application amount, poor improvement effect, incomplete improvement range, easy bringing of the risk of exceeding the standard of heavy metal and sulfate radical, easy causing of the negative problems such as secondary pollution of the soil and the like.

Therefore, the saline-alkali soil modifier with small application amount, low labor consumption and low water consumption needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a saline-alkali soil modifier capable of blocking the rise of saline and alkali and a preparation method and application thereof. By applying the conditioner, firstly, saline-alkali components on the surface layer of the soil can be leached to the underground through irrigation, secondly, excessive saline-alkali components caused by rising of underground water can be prevented, thirdly, nutrients can be provided, and the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the saline-alkali soil improver capable of blocking the rise of saline and alkali comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the nitrogen content is more than or equal to 10%, the P2O5 content is more than or equal to 10%, the K2O content is more than or equal to 5%, the humus organic matter content is more than or equal to 20%, the composite organic silicon content is 1-2%, and the balance is water. The composite organic silicon is an organic silicon mixture with the molecular weight less than 1000, and can adsorb saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil. The humus organic matters and the compound organic silicon can prevent the salt from rising, and the salt and alkali components in the underground water can be prevented from rising by adsorbing and wrapping the salt and alkali components in the saline-alkali soil through the organic matters.

Further, the humus organic matter is one or more of decomposed straw, livestock and poultry manure, decomposed straw and industrially produced humus which are optionally mixed.

Still further, the industrially produced humus includes humus produced from lignite.

The invention provides a preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver capable of preventing saline-alkali rising, which comprises the steps of uniformly stirring components of the saline-alkali soil improver according to the proportion to prepare a mixture; and granulating the mixture to prepare the saline-alkali soil improver.

Further, the particle size of the mixture after granulation is less than 5 mm.

The invention provides an application of the modifier in saline-alkali soil improvement, which comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to soil as a base fertilizer, the soil is cultivated after the application, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is fully mixed with the soil, and water is irrigated after cultivation.

Further, the application amount of the saline-alkali soil improver is less than 50 kg/mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the saline-alkali components in the surface soil can be leached below the plough layer through irrigation, so that the content of the saline-alkali in the surface soil is reduced;

2. a barrier layer can be formed on the plough layer of the soil, and the saline-alkali components in the underground water are effectively reduced from rising to the plough layer;

3. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the modifier can obviously increase the nutrients in the saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of crops;

4. the humus organic matters in the conditioner can increase the content of organic matters in the saline-alkali soil, promote the formation of a soil aggregate structure and reduce the pH value of the soil;

5. the modifier can be continuously supplemented by applying the modifier every year, so that the failure of the barrier layer caused by degradation of the modifier is avoided.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components, structures, mechanisms and the like described in the following examples are all conventional commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1

A saline-alkali soil improver capable of preventing saline-alkali rising comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of nitrogen, 10% of P2O5, 5% of K2O, 20% of humus organic matters, 1% of compound organic silicon and the balance of water.

The humus organic matters are decomposed straws.

The modifier is prepared by the following method, which comprises the steps of uniformly stirring the components of the saline-alkali soil modifier according to the proportion to prepare a mixture; and granulating the mixture to prepare the saline-alkali soil improver.

The particle size of the mixture after granulation is less than 5 mm.

Example 2

The saline-alkali soil improver is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10.1 percent of nitrogen, 10.1 percent of P2O5, 5.1 percent of K2O, 21 percent of humus organic matters, 1.2 percent of compound organic silicon and the balance of water.

The humus organic matters are decomposed straws and decomposed rice straws, and the decomposed straws and the decomposed rice straws are equivalently mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.

Example 3

The saline-alkali soil improver is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10.2 percent of nitrogen, 10.2 percent of P2O5, 5.2 percent of K2O, 22 percent of humus organic matters, 1.4 percent of compound organic silicon and the balance of water.

The humus organic matters are livestock and poultry manure.

EXAMPLE 4

The saline-alkali soil improver is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10.3 percent of nitrogen, 10.3 percent of P2O5, 5.3 percent of K2O, 22 percent of humus organic matters, 1.6 percent of compound organic silicon and the balance of water

The humus organic matter is humus produced from lignite.

EXAMPLE 5

The saline-alkali soil improver is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10.4 percent of nitrogen, 10.4 percent of P2O5, 5.4 percent of K2O, 23 percent of humus organic matters, 2 percent of compound organic silicon and the balance of water

The humus organic matters are decomposed straw, livestock and poultry manure, decomposed straw and humus produced by lignite, and the decomposed straw, the livestock and poultry manure, the decomposed straw and the humus produced by lignite are equivalently mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1: 1.

Test examples

Uses corn as experimental object

A saline-alkali soil is selected as a test point for improvement test, and the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 0.48%. The saline-alkali soil was divided into 5 improvement areas to which the conditioners prepared in examples 1 to 5 were applied at 48 kg/mu, and 1 comparison area as a control area to which no conditioner was applied.

When the fertilizer is applied, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to soil as a base fertilizer, the soil is cultivated after the application, the saline-alkali soil conditioner and the soil are fully mixed, and water is irrigated after cultivation. On one hand, the irrigation can leach the saline alkali components in the surface soil to the underground, on the other hand, the modifying agent can enter the plough layer along with water, and in a half month after the irrigation makes the modifying agent swell, a blocking layer for blocking the saline alkali components in the underground water from rising is formed in the plough layer, so that the sources of the saline alkali components are effectively reduced. And then sowing the corns, irrigating the corns once a month during the growth period, wherein the sowing mode and the field management conditions of each area are the same.

After one year, the soil physicochemical properties are detected, the physicochemical properties of the soil in 5 improved areas are improved, the salt content in the surface soil is obviously reduced by leaching and blocking the rising of underground saline water, the total salt content in the soil can be below 0.4%, the rate of emergence is improved by more than 20%, and the physicochemical properties of the soil in a contrast area without the application of the conditioner are not obviously changed.

The emergence rate of the 5 improved areas in the first year is obviously improved by more than 20 percent compared with that of the contrast area, and the corn yield is improved by more than 50 percent.

The total salt content of the modified regions of examples 1-5 were 0.39%, 0.38%, 0.37%, 0.36%, 0.34%, respectively, and the total salt content of the comparative region was unchanged.

The emergence rates of the modified zones of examples 1 to 5 were 70.1%, 71.3%, 72.2%, 73.5%, 75.2%, respectively, and the emergence rate of the comparative zone was 50%. The emergence rate of 5 improved areas is obviously improved.

The corn yields in the improved plots of examples 1-5 were 431 kg/acre, 438 kg/acre, 442 kg/acre, 449 kg/acre, and 457 kg/acre, respectively, and the yield in the control plot was 308 kg/acre. The corn yield of the 5 improved regions is significantly improved.

The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.