阅读说明：本技术 一种油泥危险废弃物的处理系统及工艺 (Treatment system and process for oil sludge hazardous waste ) 是由 叶泽甫 张瑞 孟献梁 侯益铭 竹涛 宋上 朱竹军 褚睿智 张帅 孔卉茹 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油泥危险废弃物的处理系统及工艺,该系统包括进料系统、气化燃烧系统、热量回收系统、尾气净化系统；油泥危废物经干燥、破碎后输送至等离子气化炉内,在等离子气化炉中,油泥危废物被1800-2000℃超高温焚烧,焚烧为一部分熔融流体和一部分烟气,烟气经过热量回收、净化除尘。本发明的油泥危险废弃物的处理工艺,油泥在等离子气化炉的高温下剧烈反应,无害化彻底,同时对余热进行了再利用,节约了经济成本,增加了经济效益。(The invention discloses a treatment system and a treatment process of oil sludge hazardous waste, wherein the system comprises a feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system; the oil sludge hazardous waste is dried and crushed and then conveyed into a plasma gasification furnace, in the plasma gasification furnace, the oil sludge hazardous waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus 2000 ℃ to form a part of molten fluid and a part of flue gas, and the flue gas is subjected to heat recovery, purification and dust removal. According to the treatment process of the oil sludge dangerous waste, the oil sludge reacts violently at the high temperature of the plasma gasification furnace, harmlessness is thorough, waste heat is recycled, the economic cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased.)

1. A treatment system for hazardous waste of oil sludge is characterized by comprising a feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system,

the feeding system comprises an oil sludge dryer (1), a crusher (2), a storage hopper (4), a first screw feeder (5) and a second screw feeder (6), wherein a discharge hole of the oil sludge dryer (1) is communicated with a feed hole of the crusher (2), a discharge hole of the crusher (2) is communicated with a feed hole of the storage hopper (4) through the first screw feeder (5), and a discharge hole of the storage hopper (4) is connected with a feed hole of the second screw feeder (6);

the gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace (7), an incombustible conveyor (9) and a slag cooler (8), a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace (7), a discharge outlet of the second screw feeder (6) is communicated with the feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace (7) through a feed inclined tube (17), a fuel gas outlet is formed in the top or upper side wall of the plasma gasification furnace (7), and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace (7) is connected with the slag cooler (8) through the incombustible conveyor (9);

the heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber (10), a waste heat boiler (11) and an economizer (12), wherein a fuel gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber (10) through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber (10) is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler (11), and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (11) is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer (12);

the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower (13), a bag-type dust collector (14) and a chimney (15), wherein a lower smoke outlet of the economizer (12) is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (13), an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (13) is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector (14), an outlet of the bag-type dust collector (14) is connected with the chimney (15), and a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower (13) and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector (14) are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace (7) through a conveyor.

2. The system for treating the oil sludge dangerous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasma gasification furnace (7) is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the inner wall is coated with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the inner core temperature is 1800-2000 ℃.

3. The system for treating the dangerous waste of the oil sludge as defined in claim 2, wherein the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace (7) is provided with three plasma torches, the three plasma torches are uniformly distributed in the furnace in the circumference direction and are inserted into the lower hearth through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body in a downward inclined mode.

4. The sludge hazardous waste treatment system of claim 3, wherein the plasma torch is inclined downward to be inserted into the lower part of the plasma gasifier at an angle of 5 ° to 45 °.

5. The system for treating the sludge dangerous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dust remover (3) is arranged on one side of the top end of the storage hopper (4), and a plurality of electromagnetic oscillators (16) are uniformly distributed on the bottom of the storage hopper (4).

6. A treatment process based on the sludge hazardous waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

(1) firstly, drying the dangerous waste of the oil sludge by using an oil sludge dryer (1) to reduce the water content of the dangerous waste to be less than thirty percent, then crushing the dangerous waste by using a crusher (2) to enable the granularity of the dangerous waste to be less than 20mm, conveying the dangerous waste into a storage hopper (4) by using a first screw feeder (5), and further conveying the dangerous waste into a plasma gasification furnace (7) by using a second screw feeder (6);

(2) in the plasma gasification furnace (7), the oil sludge hazardous waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus materials and 2000 ℃ into a part of molten fluid and a part of smoke;

(3) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after passing through a slag cooler (8); the flue gas left after the ultrahigh temperature incineration enters a combustion chamber (10), the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber (10), the flue gas subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition enters a waste heat boiler (11), and the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to produce steam for power generation; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler (11) enters an economizer (12), and the heat of the low-temperature flue gas is absorbed by the economizer (12); the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler (11) and the economizer (12) reaches the emission standard and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;

(4) flue gas passing through the economizer (12) enters a semi-dry reaction tower (13), lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry reaction tower (13), and slaked lime and activated carbon are respectively placed in an outlet pipeline of the semi-dry reaction tower (13) to desulfurize the flue gas;

(5) the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector (14) for dust collection, and the gas after dust collection is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney (15);

(6) the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower (13) and the bag-type dust collector (14) is conveyed to the plasma gasification furnace (7) through a conveyor, so that the fly ash in the dust is conveyed to the process again and repeatedly, and the requirement of environmental protection is met.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a treatment system and a treatment process for oil sludge hazardous waste.

Background

The hazardous waste refers to toxic and harmful waste discharged in industrial production. With the development of industry, the discharge amount of dangerous waste is increasing. It is estimated that the worldwide production of hazardous waste is 3.3 million tons per year. The random discharge of hazardous wastes pollutes water and soil, reduces the function level of the local environment, harms human health and restricts sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great value to develop an effective pollution-free hazardous waste treatment process and technique.

The oil sludge is a substance generated in the oil exploitation and processing processes and mainly comprises crude oil, water, clay sand, biological organic matters and the like. The oil sludge contains substances with foul smell and toxicity, such as benzene series, phenols, anthracene, pyrene and the like, and seriously threatens the surrounding environment and the survival and health of human beings. The oil sludge is listed in the national hazardous waste catalogue and cannot be discharged without treatment.

At present, the common method for treating the dangerous waste of oil sludge adopts a medium solidification technology and a chemical stabilization treatment technology. The most economic value in the medium curing technology is the cement kiln cooperative treatment, but the flue gas generated by the technology needs secondary treatment due to the volatile heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd and the like. The relatively mature cement solidification technology is mostly adopted abroad, but the method has the defects that the volume of the waste is increased after the treatment; new landfill sites are limited; has a series of problems such as long-term stability hidden trouble. The chemical agent stabilization is to convert heavy metal ions into precipitates or stable complexes with low solubility, low mobility and low toxicity by chemical agents through chemical reaction, and has the advantages of small addition amount, good curing effect, high long-term stability and the like. Therefore, it would be of considerable value to develop a process for the efficient treatment of hazardous waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a treatment system for oil sludge dangerous waste, which can treat the oil sludge dangerous waste and realize heat recovery.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a treatment process based on the above sludge hazardous waste treatment system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a treatment system for oil sludge dangerous waste comprises a feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system,

the feeding system comprises an oil sludge dryer, a crusher, a storage hopper, a first screw feeder and a second screw feeder, wherein a discharge hole of the oil sludge dryer is communicated with a feed hole of the crusher, a discharge hole of the crusher is communicated with a feed hole of the storage hopper through the first screw feeder, and a discharge hole of the storage hopper is connected with a feed hole of the second screw feeder;

the gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, an incombustible conveyor and a slag cooler, a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace, a discharge outlet of the second screw feeder is communicated with the feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace through a feed inclined tube, a fuel gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the top or the upper portion of the plasma gasification furnace, and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the slag cooler through the incombustible conveyor;

the heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and an economizer, wherein a gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer;

the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag-type dust collector and a chimney, wherein a lower smoke outlet of the economizer is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower, an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector, an outlet of the bag-type dust collector is connected with the chimney, and a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace through a conveyor.

In the technical scheme, the plasma gasification furnace is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the inner wall is coated with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the internal core temperature is 1800-2000 ℃.

In the technical scheme, the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace is provided with three plasma torches, the three plasma torches are uniformly distributed in the furnace in a circumferential manner and downwards obliquely penetrate through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body to be inserted into the lower hearth.

Preferably, the inclined angle of the plasma torch which is inserted into the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace in a downward inclined way is 5-45 degrees.

In the technical scheme, a dust remover is arranged on one side of the top end of the storage hopper, and a plurality of electromagnetic oscillators are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the storage hopper; the dust remover is used for absorbing the dust in the storage hopper and avoiding overflow, and the electromagnetic oscillator can play a role in avoiding the phenomenon of blockage at the bottom of the storage hopper.

The invention also provides a treatment process based on the treatment system of the oil sludge dangerous waste, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) firstly, drying the dangerous waste of the oil sludge by using an oil sludge dryer to reduce the water content of the dangerous waste to below thirty percent, then crushing the dangerous waste by using a crusher to enable the granularity of the dangerous waste to be less than 20mm, conveying the dangerous waste into a storage hopper by using a first screw feeder, and further conveying the dangerous waste into a plasma gasification furnace by using a second screw feeder;

(2) in a plasma gasification furnace, oil sludge hazardous waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus materials and 2000 ℃ to form a part of molten fluid and a part of smoke;

(3) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after passing through a slag cooler; the flue gas left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration enters a combustion chamber, the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber, the flue gas subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition enters a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to produce steam for power generation; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler enters the economizer, and the economizer absorbs the heat of the low-temperature flue gas, so that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced, the exhaust gas loss is reduced, and the fuel is saved; the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler and the economizer reaches the emission standard and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;

(4) flue gas passing through the economizer enters a semi-dry reaction tower, lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry reaction tower, and slaked lime and activated carbon are respectively placed in outlet pipelines of the semi-dry reaction tower to desulfurize the flue gas;

(5) the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector for dust removal, and the gas after dust removal is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney;

(6) the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag-type dust collector is conveyed to the plasma gasification furnace through a conveyor, so that the fly ash in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag-type dust collector enters the process again and circularly, and the requirement of environmental protection is met.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention can be used for treating oil sludge hazardous waste, and oil sludge reacts violently at the ultrahigh temperature of the plasma gasification furnace, so that the oil sludge is harmless and thorough;

2. the invention recycles the waste heat in the process, saves the economic cost and increases the economic benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sludge hazardous waste disposal system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the sludge hazardous waste treatment process of the present invention;

in the figure, 1-oil sludge dryer, 2-crusher, 3-dust remover, 4-storage hopper, 5-first screw feeder, 6-second screw feeder, 7-plasma gasification furnace, 8-slag cooler, 9-incombustible conveyor, 10-combustion chamber, 11-waste heat boiler, 12-coal economizer, 13-semi-dry reaction tower, 14-bag dust remover, 15-chimney, 16-electromagnetic oscillator and 17-feeding inclined tube.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

As shown in FIG. 1, a system for treating hazardous waste of oil sludge comprises a feeding system, a gasification combustion system, a heat recovery system and a tail gas purification system,

the feeding system comprises an oil sludge dryer 1, a crusher 2, a storage hopper 4, a first screw feeder 5 and a second screw feeder 6, wherein a discharge hole of the oil sludge dryer 1 is communicated with a feed hole of the crusher 2, a discharge hole of the crusher 2 is communicated with a feed hole of the storage hopper 4 through the first screw feeder 5, and a discharge hole of the storage hopper 4 is connected with a feed hole of the second screw feeder 6; a dust remover 3 is arranged on one side of the top end of the storage hopper 4, and a plurality of electromagnetic oscillators 16 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the storage hopper 4; the dust collector 6 is used for absorbing the dust in the storage hopper and avoiding overflow, and the electromagnetic oscillator 16 can prevent the bottom of the storage hopper 4 from being blocked.

The gasification combustion system comprises a plasma gasification furnace 7, an incombustible conveyor 9 and a slag cooler 8, a feed inlet is formed in the lower portion of the plasma gasification furnace 7, a discharge outlet of the second screw feeder 6 is communicated with the feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace 7 through a feed inclined tube 17, a fuel gas outlet is formed in the top or upper side wall of the plasma gasification furnace 7, and the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace 7 is connected with the slag cooler 8 through the incombustible conveyor 9; the plasma gasification furnace is a coaxial cylindrical metal shell with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the inner wall is laid with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the internal core temperature is 1800 plus 2000 ℃.

The plasma gasification furnace is characterized in that three plasma torches are arranged at the lower part of the plasma gasification furnace, are uniformly distributed in the furnace in a circumferential manner, and downwards obliquely penetrate through the wall surface of the plasma gasification furnace body to be inserted into the lower hearth. The inclination angle is 5-45 degrees.

The heat recovery system comprises a combustion chamber 10, a waste heat boiler 11 and an economizer 12, wherein a fuel gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber 10 through a flue, an outlet of the combustion chamber 10 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 11, and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 11 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the economizer 12;

the tail gas purification system comprises a semi-dry reaction tower 13, a bag-type dust collector 14 and a chimney 15, wherein a lower flue gas outlet of the economizer 12 is connected with a top inlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 13, an upper side wall outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 13 is connected with an inlet of the bag-type dust collector 14, an outlet of the bag-type dust collector 14 is connected with the chimney 15, and a bottom outlet of the semi-dry reaction tower 13 and a bottom outlet of the bag-type dust collector 14 are connected with a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace 7 through a conveyor.

As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a treatment process based on the above treatment system for hazardous waste containing oil sludge, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) firstly, drying the dangerous waste of the oil sludge by using an oil sludge dryer 1 to reduce the water content of the dangerous waste to below thirty percent, then crushing the dangerous waste by using a crusher 2 to enable the granularity of the dangerous waste to be less than 20mm, conveying the dangerous waste into a storage hopper 4 by using a first screw feeder 5, and further conveying the dangerous waste into a plasma gasification furnace 7 by using a second screw feeder 6;

(2) in the plasma gasification furnace 7, the oil sludge hazardous waste is incinerated at the ultrahigh temperature of 1800 plus materials and 2000 ℃ to form a part of molten fluid and a part of smoke;

(3) the molten fluid left after the ultrahigh-temperature incineration reaches the discharge standard, and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization after passing through a slag cooler 8; the flue gas left after the ultra-high temperature incineration enters a combustion chamber 10, the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition in the combustion chamber 10, the flue gas subjected to high-temperature oxidative decomposition enters a waste heat boiler 11, and the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to produce steam for power generation; the flue gas after passing through the waste heat boiler 11 enters the economizer 12, and the economizer 12 absorbs the heat of the low-temperature flue gas, so that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced, the exhaust gas loss is reduced, and the fuel is saved; the ash at the bottoms of the waste heat boiler 11 and the economizer 12 reaches the emission standard and is directly conveyed to a slag yard for landfill or comprehensive utilization;

(4) the flue gas passing through the economizer 12 enters a semi-dry reaction tower 13, lime slurry is injected into the semi-dry reaction tower 13, and slaked lime and activated carbon are respectively placed in an outlet pipeline of the semi-dry reaction tower 13 to desulfurize the flue gas;

(5) the desulfurized gas enters a bag-type dust collector 14 for dust removal, and the gas after dust removal is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney 15;

(6) the dust in the semi-dry reaction tower 13 and the bag-type dust collector 14 is conveyed to the plasma gasification furnace 7 through a conveyor, so that the fly ash in the dust is fed into the process again and circularly reciprocates to meet the requirement of environmental protection.