阅读说明：本技术 止血阀以及制作与使用止血阀的方法 (Hemostatic valve and methods of making and using same ) 是由 萨米特·阿格拉沃尔 马扬克·巴特纳戈尔 皮尤什·托马尔 波尔娜昌德拉·纳亚克 安舒尔·查巴 于 2018-02-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了止血阀以及制造和使用止血阀的方法。一示例性止血阀可包括主体,所述主体具有远端区域和近端区域。第一密封部件可设置于所述主体的所述近端区域内。芯筒可至少部分地设置于所述主体的所述近端区域内。所述芯筒可包括第二密封部件。柱塞可耦合至所述主体的所述近端区域。旋转限制部件可定位成邻近所述主体的所述近端区域处。突耳部件可定位成邻近所述主体的所述近端区域处。突耳部件可被设计为相对于所述主体的所述近端区域旋转直到所述突耳部件接合所述旋转限制部件。(Hemostatic valves and methods of making and using hemostatic valves are disclosed. An exemplary hemostasis valve can include a body having a distal region and a proximal region. A first sealing member may be disposed within the proximal region of the body. A cartridge may be disposed at least partially within the proximal region of the body. The cartridge may include a second sealing member. A plunger may be coupled to the proximal end region of the body. A rotation limiting member may be positioned adjacent the proximal end region of the body. A lug member may be positioned adjacent the proximal end region of the body. The lug member may be configured to rotate relative to the proximal end region of the body until the lug member engages the rotation limiting member.)

1. A hemostatic valve, comprising:

a body comprising a distal region and a proximal region;

a first sealing component disposed within the proximal region of the body;

a cartridge disposed at least partially within the proximal region of the body, the cartridge including a second sealing component;

a plunger coupled to the proximal end region of the body;

a rotation limiting member positioned adjacent to the proximal end region of the body; and

a lug member positioned adjacent the proximal end region of the body, the lug being designed to rotate relative to the proximal end region of the body until the lug member engages the rotation limiting member.

2. The hemostasis valve of claim 1, wherein the rotation-limiting member is disposed along an outer surface of the body.

3. The hemostasis valve of claim 2 wherein the tab member is disposed along the plunger.

4. The hemostasis valve of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the rotation-limiting member is disposed along an inner surface of the plunger.

5. The hemostasis valve of claim 4, wherein the tab member is disposed along the proximal region of the body.

6. The hemostasis valve of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the proximal region of the body includes one or more threads.

7. The hemostasis valve of claim 6, further comprising a nut in threaded engagement with the one or more threads.

8. The hemostasis valve of claim 7, wherein the rotation-limiting member includes a stop surface formed on the cartridge barrel, wherein the lug member includes a guide projection formed along the nut.

9. The hemostasis valve of claim 7, wherein an axial slit is formed in the one or more threads.

10. The hemostasis valve of claim 9, wherein the tab member is configured to slide axially along the axial slot in the one or more threads.

11. The hemostasis valve of any one of claims 1-10, wherein an annular member is disposed about the proximal region of the body.

12. The hemostasis valve of claim 11 wherein the annular member has an axial slot formed therein and wherein the tab member is configured to axially slide through the axial slot in the annular member.

13. A haemostatic valve as defined in claim 11, wherein the rotation limiting member extends distally of the annular member.

14. A haemostatic valve as claimed in claim 11, wherein the rotation limiting member extends proximally towards the annular member.

15. A hemostatic valve, comprising:

a body comprising a threaded proximal region having one or more threads;

a first sealing component disposed within the threaded proximal region of the body;

a cartridge disposed at least partially within the threaded proximal region of the body, the cartridge including a second sealing component;

a nut in threaded engagement with the threaded proximal region of the body;

a plunger coupled to the threaded proximal end region of the body, the plunger designed to move relative to the threaded proximal end region of the body;

an annular member extending along the threaded proximal end region, the annular member being positioned distal to the one or more threads;

a rotation limiting feature positioned adjacent to the threaded proximal region of the body; and

a lug member positioned adjacent to the threaded proximal end region of the body, the lug member being designed to rotate relative to the threaded proximal end region of the body until the lug member engages the rotation limiting member.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to medical devices, and methods for making medical devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to hemostatic valves and methods of making and using hemostatic valves.

Background

Many medical devices have been developed for medical use, for example, intravascular use. Some of these devices include guide wires, catheters, and the like. These devices are manufactured by any of a variety of different manufacturing methods, and may be used according to any of a variety of methods. In known medical devices and methods, each has particular advantages and disadvantages. There is a need for: alternative medical devices and alternative methods of making and using medical devices are provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure provides designs, materials, methods of use, and alternatives for use of medical devices. An example hemostasis valve is disclosed. The hemostatic valve includes: a body having a proximal region and a distal region; a first sealing component disposed within the proximal region of the body; a cartridge disposed at least partially within the proximal region of the body, the cartridge including a second sealing component; a plunger coupled to the proximal end region of the body; a rotation limiting feature disposed adjacent the proximal end region of the body; and a lug member disposed adjacent the proximal end region of the body, the lug member being designed to rotate relative to the proximal end region of the body until the lug member engages the rotation limiting member.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting member is disposed along an outer surface of the body.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the lug member is disposed along the plunger.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting feature is disposed along an inner surface of the plunger.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the tab member is disposed along the proximal end region of the body.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the proximal region of the body comprises one or more threads.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, further comprising a nut in threaded engagement with the one or more threads.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting member comprises a stop surface formed on the core barrel, wherein the lug member comprises a guide projection formed along the nut.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, an axial slit is formed in the one or more threads.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the lug member is designed to slide axially along the axial slot in the one or more threads.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, a ring-shaped member is disposed about the proximal region of the body.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the ring member has an axial slot formed therein and wherein the lug member is designed to slide axially through the axial slot in the ring member.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting member extends distally of the annular member.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting member extends proximally of the ring member.

A hemostatic valve is disclosed. The hemostatic valve includes: a body comprising a threaded proximal region having one or more threads; a first sealing component disposed within the threaded proximal region of the body; a cartridge disposed at least partially within the threaded proximal region of the body, the cartridge including a second sealing component; a nut threadedly engaging the threaded proximal region of the body; a plunger coupled to the threaded proximal end region of the body, the plunger designed to move relative to the threaded proximal end region of the body; an annular member extending along the threaded proximal end region, the annular member disposed distal to the one or more threads; a rotation limiting feature disposed adjacent the threaded proximal region of the body; and a lug member disposed adjacent the threaded proximal end region of the body, the lug member being designed to rotate relative to the threaded proximal end region of the body until the lug member engages the rotation limiting member.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting member extends along the threaded proximal end region of the body, wherein the rotation limiting member extends distally of the annular member, and wherein an outer surface of the lug member is disposed along the plunger.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the rotation limiting feature is disposed along an inner surface of the plunger and wherein the lug feature is disposed along the threaded proximal region of the body at a position adjacent the annular feature.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the ring member has an axial slot formed therein and wherein the lug member is designed to slide axially through the axial slot in the ring member.

A hemostatic valve is disclosed. The hemostatic valve includes: a body comprising a threaded proximal region having one or more threads; a first sealing component disposed within the threaded proximal region of the body; a cartridge at least partially disposed within the threaded proximal region of the body, the cartridge including a second sealing component; wherein the core barrel comprises one or more protrusions, a helical groove region, and a stop surface; a nut in threaded engagement with the threaded proximal end region of the body; wherein the nut includes a guide projection; and wherein the one or more protrusions, the stop surface, or both are designed to engage the guide projection of the nut, thereby limiting rotation of the nut.

Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, further comprising a plunger coupled to the threaded proximal end region of the body, the plunger designed to move relative to the threaded proximal end region of the body.

The above summary of some embodiments is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.

Brief Description of Drawings

The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 5A-5B are cross-sectional views of exemplary hemostatic valves.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary hemostasis valve.

While the disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It will be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

For the following defined terms, these definitions shall apply, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this specification.

All numerical values herein are to be considered as modified by the term "about" unless expressly indicated otherwise. The term "about" generally refers to a range of numbers that one of ordinary skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited range (e.g., having the same function or effect). In many instances, the term "about" may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.

The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It is noted that references in this specification to "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "other embodiments", and the like, indicate that the embodiment described may include one or more particular features, structures, and/or characteristics. However, such references do not necessarily imply that all embodiments include the particular feature, structure, and/or characteristic. Additionally, when a particular feature, structure, and/or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is understood that unless explicitly stated to the contrary, such feature, structure, and/or characteristic may also be used in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.

The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which like elements in different drawings are numbered identically. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Some medical procedures, such as intravascular procedures, utilize medical devices within a body lumen. For example, endovascular procedures include the placement of guidewires, guide catheters, interventional devices, and the like into a blood vessel. As fluid (e.g., blood) under pressure occurs within the blood vessel, the fluid may travel along or through the medical device and flow or leak out of the patient. In some instances, it may be desirable to deploy a hemostasis valve or hemostasis valve assembly at the proximal end of the medical device, thereby reducing or otherwise limiting fluid/blood leakage out of the proximal end of the device.

An exemplary hemostasis valve 10 is shown in fig. 1. The hemostatic valve 10 includes a body 12. The body 12 may include a side port 14. The side port 14 may be connected to another device, such as an infusion device, an inflation device, or the like. An adapter 16 may be coupled to the distal end of the body 12. The adapter 16 may be used to couple the hemostatic valve 10 to a device, such as a catheter. A plunger 18 may be coupled to the proximal end of the body 12. The plunger 18 may be used to activate or otherwise close a seal within the hemostatic valve 10 (as discussed herein). These and other features of the hemostatic valve 10 are discussed herein.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the hemostatic valve 10. Here, the elements of the hemostatic valve 10 are visible. For example, the hemostatic valve 10 may include a cartridge 20. The cartridge 20, which may include two pieces 20a and 20b coupled to one another (e.g., pressure fit, thermal bond, adhesive bond, etc.), may be configured such that at least a portion of the cartridge may be disposed within the proximal end region 22 of the body 12. A first seal member 24 may be disposed within the cartridge 20. A second sealing member 26 may be disposed within the proximal region 22 of the body 12. In at least some examples, the second sealing component 26 can be disposed distal to the cartridge (cartridge) 20. The second sealing member 26 may include a textured distal surface, grooves, wells, or the like formed therein. Additionally or alternatively, the second sealing member 26 may include a closer region having a reduced diameter. Nut 28 may be coupled to the proximal region 22 of the body 12 at, for example, one or more threads 30 formed along the proximal region 22.

Other features of the hemostatic valve 10 visible in fig. 2 include a spring member 32 and an O-ring 34. The spring member 32 may be coupled to the plunger 18. In at least some examples, the spring member 32 can be designed to exert a proximally directed force on the plunger 18. The O-ring 34 may be positioned adjacent to the adapter 16. Additionally, an annular member or "snap ring" 36 may be disposed along the proximal region 22 of the body 12.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the hemostatic valve 10. Some of the structural features of the hemostatic valve 10 can be seen here. For example, the hemostatic valve 10 may include an intermediate cavity 38. In general, the intermediate cavity 38 is designed to be placed in fluid communication with one or more cavities of a device coupled to the adapter 16. A second or infusion lumen 40 may be confined adjacent the side port 14. The second cavity 40 may be in fluid communication with the intermediate cavity 38.

As described above, the hemostatic valve 10 may be designed such that it may be coupled to another device. For example, the adapter 16, which adapter 16 may take the form of a Tuohy-Borst or other type of connector, may engage the proximal end of another device. When connected (and with the plunger 18 in the configuration shown in fig. 3), the second sealing member 26 may be in an open state or configuration. Conversely, when the hemostatic valve 10 is connected to another device (and when the plunger 18 is in the configuration shown in fig. 3), the first sealing member 24 may be in a closed or sealed configuration.

Collectively, when the hemostatic valve 10 is connected to another device and in the configuration depicted in fig. 3, the hemostatic valve 10 can substantially maintain a fluid seal, substantially preventing backflow and/or leakage of bodily fluids (e.g., blood). At some point during a medical intervention, it may be desirable to input additional fluid, such as contrast media, through the hemostasis valve 10. This may include attaching an infusion set to the side port 14. Because the second sealing member 24 may be designed to substantially prevent backflow and/or leakage of relatively low pressure fluid, it may be possible that infusate may be able to flow past the first sealing member 24 if the infusion set is infusing fluid at a relatively high rate.

To prevent backflow of relatively high pressure fluids, the hemostasis valve 10 may be actuated to close or "seal" the second sealing member 26. To do so, the plunger 18 may be urged distally until a distally facing proximal surface or cap 42 of the plunger 18 is disposed adjacent a proximal end region 43 of the nut 28, as shown in fig. 4. When doing so, the tubular region 46 of the plunger 18 may extend through (and open) the first sealing member 24. Further, a portion of the plunger 18 may move distally beyond the annular member 36. As the cap 42 of the plunger 18 is deployed adjacent the nut 28, the plunger 18 may be rotated (e.g., in a clockwise direction) to close the second sealing member 26, as shown in fig. 5A. This rotation may cause the nut 28 to rotate and move distally. Since the distal end region of the nut 28 is engageable with the cartridge 20, distal movement of the nut 28 urges the cartridge 20 distally within the proximal end region 22 of the body 12 such that the cartridge 20 engages the second sealing member 26 and deforms the second sealing member 26, thereby switching the second sealing member 26 to a closed or sealed configuration. The plunger 18 may be released or otherwise allowed to move proximally, as shown in fig. 5B, which may reclose the first sealing member 24 (while the second sealing member 26 remains closed).

For purposes of this disclosure, "clockwise" rotation of the plunger 18 and/or nut 28 may be understood as rotation of the plunger 18 in a clockwise direction relative to the body 12 when the plunger 18 is viewed from the proximal end of the plunger 18. Similarly, "counterclockwise" rotation of the plunger 18 and/or nut 28 may be understood as rotation of the plunger 18 in a counterclockwise direction relative to the body 12 when the plunger 18 is viewed from the proximal end of the plunger 18.

At some point during the intervention, it may be desirable to "reopen" the second sealing member 26. To do so, the above process may be reversed. For example, the plunger 18 may be rotated counterclockwise, along with the nut 28, to move the nut 18 and the cartridge 20 in a closer direction, thereby relieving the force exerted on the second sealing member 26. In some examples, it may be possible that the counterclockwise rotation of the plunger 18 may continue (e.g., counterclockwise rotation of the plunger 18 and/or the nut 28) beyond the point where re-opening of the second sealing member 12 is desired and to a point where the nut 28 may be unthreaded from the threads 30 along the proximal region 22 (un-threaded). If this occurs, continued use of the hemostatic valve 10 may not be practical, as the second sealing member 26 may not be able to be physically reclosed. Accordingly, it may be necessary to replace the hemostasis valve 10 in order to utilize the second sealing member 26. It may be desirable to reduce the likelihood of the nut 28 unscrewing from the proximal region 22 of the body 12. Disclosed herein is a hemostatic valve having structural features designed to reduce the likelihood of the nut 28 unscrewing from the proximal region 22 of the body 12.

Fig. 6 illustrates a portion of another example hemostatic valve 110, the example hemostatic valve 110 being similar in form and function to other hemostatic valves disclosed herein. Although a portion of the hemostatic valve 10 is shown, it will be appreciated that the remainder of the hemostatic valve 110 may include structures similar or identical to those in the hemostatic valve 10 described above. The hemostasis valve 110 includes a body 112, the body 112 having a proximal end region 122. A plunger 118 is coupled to the proximal end region 122. The plunger 118 includes one or more keying features 148. Generally, the snap member 148 may be configured to move distally beyond (e.g., "snap" over) the annular member 136 disposed along the proximal end region 122. At least one of the snap members 148, identified in fig. 6 by reference numeral 150, may include a tab member or locking tab 152. As shown in fig. 7, the locking lugs 152 may be designed such that when the plunger 118 is moved distally, the locking lugs 152 transition through a slit or opening 154 in the threads 130 formed along the proximal end region 122 and through a slit or opening 156 in the annular member 136. When the locking lugs 152 pass through the openings 156 (e.g., and when the locking lugs 152 are positioned away from the annular member 136), the plunger 118 may be rotated clockwise, as shown in fig. 7. This may cause a nut (not shown in fig. 6-7, but may be similar in form and function to the nut 28 disclosed herein) to move distally and exert a force on a cartridge (not shown in fig. 6-7, but may be similar in form and function to the cartridge 20 disclosed herein). This may cause a second sealing member (not shown in fig. 6-7, but may be similar in form and function to the second sealing member 26 disclosed herein) to switch to a closed or sealed configuration.

When it is desired to re-open the second seal member, the plunger 118, with the locking lugs 152 still positioned distal to the ring member 136, may be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction. When this is done, the locking lugs 152 may rotate about the proximal region 122 and may become engaged with rotation limiting features or locking ribs 158 formed along the proximal region 122 of the body 112. The engagement of the locking lugs 152 with the locking ribs 158 may limit the amount of counterclockwise rotation of the plunger 118 and/or the nut or otherwise prevent further counterclockwise rotation. Accordingly, further rotation of the nut may be limited/prevented, including rotation that may cause the nut to unscrew from the threads 130 of the body of the hemostasis valve 110.

Fig. 8-9 illustrate a portion of another exemplary hemostatic valve 210, the hemostatic valve 210 being similar in form and function to other hemostatic valves disclosed herein. The hemostasis valve 210 includes a body 212, the body 212 having a proximal region 222. A plunger 210 is coupled to the proximal end region 222. The plunger 218 includes one or more snap members 248. In this example, a rotation limiting feature is located below the plunger 218 and/or proximal to the annular member 236. For example, a rotation limiting feature or locking rib 252 may be formed along a surface of the proximal region 222 of the body 212. A lug feature or locking lug 258 may be formed along the plunger 218. Thus, when the plunger 218 is moved proximally (e.g., as shown in fig. 9), the plunger 218 may be rotated in a clockwise direction (e.g., and the nut may be rotated to close the second sealing member). When it is desired to open the second seal member again, the plunger 218 may be rotated in a counterclockwise direction until the locking lugs 258 engage the locking ribs 252.

Fig. 10-11 illustrate a portion of another exemplary hemostatic valve 310, the hemostatic valve 310 being similar in form and function to other hemostatic valves disclosed herein. In this example, only the cartridge 320 (similar in form and function to the cartridge 20 disclosed herein) and the nut 328 (similar in form and function to the nut 28 disclosed herein) of the hemostasis valve 310 are shown. The nut 328 can include internal threads 360, the internal threads 360 designed to threadingly engage threads formed along a proximal region of the body of the hemostasis valve 310 (e.g., as disclosed herein, the same as or similar to the threads 30 disclosed herein along the proximal region 22 of the body 12). Additionally, the nut 328 may include a lug feature or guide projection (projection) 362 with a face 364.

The cartridge 320 may include a helical groove 366 and a rotation limiting member or stop surface 368. When mated together, the guide projection 362 of the thread 328 is designed to fit within the slot 366. This configuration allows the nut to rotate in a clockwise direction. However, when the nut 328 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the face 364 along the guide projection 362 will eventually engage the stop face 368 formed along the slot 366. This will help limit further counterclockwise rotation of the nut 328. Thus, when it is desired to re-open the second seal member, the plunger (e.g., not shown in fig. 10-11, but can be similar to other plungers disclosed herein) and/or nut 328 is rotated counterclockwise until the face 364 engages the stop face 368. In some examples, the structural configuration of the guide projection 362 and the slot 366 may also limit clockwise rotation of the nut 328 relative to the cartridge 320. This may help prevent the second sealing member from deforming beyond what is needed to effectively close the second sealing member and/or reduce possible damage to the second sealing member.

In some examples, the cartridge 320 may include one or more protrusions 370. The protrusions 370 may help reduce rotation of the cartridge 320 when the plunger and/or nut 328 is rotated. For example, in some instances, the protrusions 370 may fit within slits or recesses (not shown) formed in the proximal region of the body of the hemostasis valve. Some additional details regarding protrusions 370 and other structural features used therewith are disclosed in U.S. patent application No.62/470,634 (attorney docket No. 2001.1754100), filed on even date herewith and incorporated by reference.

Materials that may be used for the components of the hemostatic valve 10 (and/or other hemostatic valves disclosed herein) and the components disclosed herein may include those associated with medical devices. For purposes of brevity, the following discussion refers to the body 12 and other components of the hemostasis valve 10. However, there is no intent to limit the devices and methods described herein, as the discussion is applicable to the other hemostatic valves and/or components thereof disclosed herein.

The body 12 and/or other components of the hemostatic valve 10 may be made of: metals, metal alloys, polymers (some examples of which are disclosed below), metal-polymer compositions, ceramics, combinations thereof, and the like, or other suitable materials. Some examples of suitable polymers may include Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluoroethylene propylene (FEP), polyoxymethylene(POM, e.g., available from DuPont)) Polyether block esters, polyurethanes (e.g., polyurethane 85A), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyether esters (e.g., available from DSM engineering plastics corporation)) Ether or ester based copolymers (e.g., butylene/poly (alkylene ether) phthalate and/or other polyester elastomers such as available from dupont) Polyamides (e.g. obtainable from bayer)Or from Elf Atochem)) Elastomeric polyamides, polyamide/ether blocks, polyether block amides (PEBA, e.g. under the trade nameAvailable below), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), silicone, Polyethylene (PE), Marlex high density polyethylene, Marlex low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene (e.g. ethylene vinyl acetate), Polyethylene (PE)) Polyesters, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether sensitizers (PEEK), Polyimides (PI), polyether amides (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), poly (hydroquinone) terephthalate (e.g.,) Polysulfones, nylons, nylon-12 (such as fromAvailable to EMS American Grilon) Perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) (PFA), ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyolefins, polystyrene, epoxy resins, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (e.g., SBS and/or SBS 50A), polycarbonate, ionomer, biocompatible polymer, other suitable material, or mixtures, combinations, copolymers, polymer/metal combinations thereof, and the like. In some embodiments, the jacket may be mixed with a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP). For example, the mixture may contain up to about 6% LCP.

Some examples of suitable metals and metal alloys include stainless steels, such as 304V, 304L, and 316LV stainless steels; mild steel; nickel titanium alloys, such as linear elastic and/or superelastic nickel titanium alloys; other nickel alloys, such as nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: N06625, such as625. UNS: N06022, such asUNS N10276, such asOtherAlloys, etc.); nickel-copper alloys (e.g. UNS: N04400, such as400、400、400, etc.), nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: R30035, such asEtc.), nickel-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: N10665, such as ) Other nickel-chromium alloys, other nickel-molybdenum alloys, other nickel-cobalt alloys, other nickel-iron alloys, other nickel-copper alloys, other nickel-tungsten or tungsten alloys, and the like; a cobalt chromium alloy; cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: R30003, such asEtc.); platinum-rich stainless steel; titanium; combinations thereof; etc.; or any other suitable material.

It should be understood that this disclosure, in many respects, is only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of steps without exceeding the scope of the disclosure. This may include, to the extent appropriate, using any of the features of one example in other embodiments. The scope of the invention is, of course, limited by the language in which the appended claims are expressed.