阅读说明：本技术 一种预制装配式明洞及其施工方法 (Prefabricated open cut tunnel and construction method thereof ) 是由 刘科 甘目飞 郦亚军 罗实 尚寒春 王微嘉 毛亮 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及明洞施工技术领域,公开了一种预制装配式明洞及其施工方法,其中,预制装配式明洞包括基础承台、边墙和拱圈,边墙包括外边墙、耳墙和内边墙,内边墙由空心的边墙预制块纵向和竖向排列组成,边墙预制块包括双口预制块和单口预制块,单口预制块作为内边墙的最顶层,双口预制块放置于单口预制块的下方,拱圈由拱圈预制块纵向排列组成,拱圈预制块放置于单口预制块的上方。本发明将明洞的内边墙和拱圈由预制块进行装配施工,减少了混凝土龄期的影响,缩短了增建明洞的施工工期,提高了施工效率,且无需在现场为边墙设置支架模板以及为拱圈设置模板台车,无需拆除接触网等既有设施,极大地减少了明洞施工对铁路运营的经济损失。(The invention relates to the technical field of open cut tunnel construction, and discloses a prefabricated open cut tunnel and a construction method thereof, wherein the prefabricated open cut tunnel comprises a foundation cushion cap, side walls and an arch ring, the side walls comprise outer side walls, ear walls and inner side walls, the inner side walls are formed by longitudinally and vertically arranging hollow side wall prefabricated blocks, the side wall prefabricated blocks comprise double-opening prefabricated blocks and single-opening prefabricated blocks, the single-opening prefabricated blocks are used as the topmost layers of the inner side walls, the double-opening prefabricated blocks are placed below the single-opening prefabricated blocks, the arch ring is formed by longitudinally arranging arch ring prefabricated blocks, and the arch ring prefabricated blocks are placed above the single-opening prefabricated blocks. According to the invention, the inner side wall and the arch ring of the open cut tunnel are assembled and constructed by the precast blocks, so that the influence of the age of concrete is reduced, the construction period for building the open cut tunnel is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, a support template and a template trolley are not required to be arranged for the side wall and the arch ring on site, existing facilities such as a contact net and the like are not required to be dismantled, and the economic loss of the open cut tunnel construction to railway operation is greatly reduced.)

1. The utility model provides a prefabricated open cut tunnel, includes basic cushion cap (1), side wall and arch ring, the side wall includes outer wall, otic placode and interior boundary wall, a serial communication port, interior boundary wall is vertical and vertical range by hollow side wall prefabricated section (2) and is constituteed, side wall prefabricated section (2) are including two prefabricated sections (21) and single prefabricated section (22), single prefabricated section (22) conduct the topmost layer of interior boundary wall, two prefabricated sections (21) place in the below of single prefabricated section (22), the arch ring comprises arch ring prefabricated section (3) vertical range, arch ring prefabricated section (3) place in the top of single prefabricated section (22).

2. A prefabricated open cut tunnel according to claim 1, wherein said single-mouth precast block (22) comprises a single-cavity precast block (221) and a double-cavity precast block (222); be equipped with cavity (35) in arch ring prefabricated section (3) and/or adjacent arch ring prefabricated section (3) can form cavity (35), arch ring prefabricated section (3) include side prefabricated section (31) and top prefabricated section (32).

3. A prefabricated open cut tunnel according to claim 2, wherein said arch-ring precast block (3) further comprises two top-side precast blocks (34), the sum of the widths of the two top-side precast blocks (34) being equivalent to said top precast block (32).

4. A prefabricated open cut tunnel according to claim 2, wherein said arch-ring precast block (3) further comprises a top-side precast block (34) and two side-side precast blocks (33), the sum of the widths of said top-side precast block (34) and said side-side precast block (33) being equivalent to the width of said top precast block (32).

5. A prefabricated open cut tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall precast block (2) is provided with a positioning groove (23) and a positioning head (24) which are matched with each other in a concave-convex manner, the positioning head (24) is arranged opposite to the positioning groove (23), the single-opening precast block (22) is provided with a pouring hole (223) and a connecting groove (224), and the notch of the connecting groove (224) is matched with the end face of the arch ring precast block (3).

6. The prefabricated open cut tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjacent arch ring precast blocks (3) are connected by staggered joints, a waterproof layer (5) is arranged on a vertical surface of each staggered joint, a groove is formed in a horizontal surface of each staggered joint, and a sealing gasket (6) is placed in each groove.

7. A prefabricated open cut tunnel according to claim 1, wherein said outer side wall is also formed by longitudinal and vertical arrangements of hollow side wall prefabricated sections (2), and said ear wall is formed by longitudinal arrangements of ear wall prefabricated sections (4).

8. A construction method of a prefabricated open cut tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

A. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the foundation bearing platform (1), and manufacturing the side wall precast block (2) and the arch ring precast block (3);

B. assembling and fixing the side wall precast block (2);

C. assembling and fixing the arch ring precast blocks (3), and filling concrete into the side wall precast blocks (2);

D. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall and the ear wall;

E. and finishing the construction of the auxiliary structure.

9. A construction method of a prefabricated open cut tunnel according to claim 8, wherein said arch ring precast block (3) is assembled by staggered circulation, and said step C comprises the following steps:

c01, oppositely placing and fixing the two side precast blocks (31) above the side precast block (2);

c02, hoisting a top side precast block (34) to be connected between the fixed side precast blocks (31);

c03, hoisting a top precast block (32) to be assembled and fixed between the oppositely arranged side precast blocks (31);

c04, respectively hoisting two side precast blocks (31) to be assembled and fixed at two ends of the top precast block (32) in the step C03;

c05, repeating the steps C03 to C04 until all the side precast blocks (31) and the top precast block (32) are assembled;

c06, the last assembly in the step C05 is the side precast blocks (31) which are oppositely arranged, and then a top side precast block (34) is hoisted and assembled and fixed between the oppositely arranged side precast blocks (31) to complete the assembly of the arch ring; and C05, the top precast block (32) is finally assembled, and the two side edge precast blocks (33) are respectively hoisted to be assembled and fixed at two ends of the top precast block (32) to complete the assembly of the arch ring.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step C01 of fixing the side precast block (31) comprises erecting a supporting truss (13) on the side wall precast block (2), arranging a pulley on the top of the supporting truss (13), fixing a hoist (12) on the foundation cap (1), fixing a pulling cable (14) to the other end of the side precast block (31), and fixing the pulling cable (14) to the hoist (12) through the pulley.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of open cut tunnel construction, in particular to a prefabricated open cut tunnel and a construction method thereof.

Background

The method for additionally building open cut tunnel on the existing mountain railway at present is cast-in-place construction, which comprises the cast-in-place process of an open cut tunnel arch part, a side wall and foundation concrete, wherein a pile foundation is generally adopted in a narrow mountain area, and the cast-in-place sequence of the whole open cut tunnel structure comprises the steps of pile foundation excavation and casting, foundation bearing platform casting, open cut tunnel side wall casting and open cut tunnel arch ring casting in sequence; because the cast-in-place construction is influenced by the age of the concrete, the cast-in-place construction has long construction period and low construction efficiency, and the construction process is difficult to adjust.

The open cut tunnel side wall pouring needs to be provided with a support template, the support template can encroach on a railway clearance, the open cut tunnel arch ring pouring needs a special template trolley, and the template trolley needs to be erected within the range of the railway clearance, so that the train needs to be stopped in the cast-in-place construction adopted by the additional open cut tunnel, contact nets on the railway need to be powered off or even dismantled during construction, and further the railway operation is enabled to bear great economic loss.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the problems that the construction period is long, the construction efficiency is low, trains need to be shut down and contact networks need to be processed, and the railway operation suffers from great economic loss in the cast-in-place construction adopted for building open cut tunnels in the prior art, the prefabricated assembly type open cut tunnel and the construction method thereof are provided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a prefabricated open cut tunnel, includes basic cushion cap, side wall and arch ring, the side wall includes outer side wall, otic placode and interior side wall, interior side wall is vertical and vertical range by hollow side wall prefabricated section and is constituteed, side wall prefabricated section includes two prefabricated sections and single prefabricated section, single prefabricated section conduct the topmost layer of interior side wall, two prefabricated sections place in the below of single prefabricated section, the arch ring is become by arch ring prefabricated section vertical range, the arch ring prefabricated section place in the top of single prefabricated section.

The double-opening precast block is composed of side faces, namely the double-opening precast block is a hollow precast block which is not provided with a top face and a bottom face and is communicated up and down, the double-opening precast block is simple to manufacture and convenient to produce, when the double-opening precast block is longitudinally and vertically arranged and assembled, both hands of a worker and a fixing tool can enter the inner side of the double-opening precast block from the upper part of the double-opening precast block for operation, the worker can easily complete the fixed connection of the adjacent double-opening precast blocks, the production cost and the transportation cost are further controlled, the construction is simple, and the double-opening precast block is suitable for assembling the precast block on the non-top layer of the side wall; the single-opening precast block consists of a top surface and side surfaces, namely, the single-opening precast block is a hollow precast block without a bottom surface, and is used for assembling the precast block at the top layer of the side wall, sealing the assembled side wall and providing a placing plane for the arch ring precast block; the method has the advantages that the arch ring is divided into the plurality of arch ring prefabricated blocks, the inner side wall of the open cut tunnel and the arch ring are assembled and constructed by the prefabricated blocks, the influence of the age of concrete is reduced, the construction period for building the open cut tunnel is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, in-situ support templates for the side wall and template trolleys for the arch ring are not needed, existing facilities such as contact networks do not need to be dismantled, and the economic loss of open cut tunnel construction to railway operation is greatly reduced.

Preferably, the single-port precast block comprises a single-cavity precast block and a double-cavity precast block; the arch ring precast block is internally provided with a cavity and/or is adjacent to the arch ring precast block, the cavity can be formed by the arch ring precast block, and the arch ring precast block comprises a side precast block and a top precast block.

The double-cavity precast block is provided with one more precast partition plate in the cavity than the single-cavity precast block, so that the structural strength of the precast block is improved, and the double-cavity precast block is suitable for the working condition that the side wall precast block has larger volume; under the condition of ensuring the strength of the arch ring precast block, the design of the cavity reduces the quality and the production cost of the arch ring precast block, and is convenient for the transportation and the hoisting of the arch ring precast block; the side prefabricated section with the width of top prefabricated section is the same, the side prefabricated section with complete arch ring prefabricated section can be constituteed to the top prefabricated section, the side prefabricated section with the assembly construction that the top prefabricated section is applicable to multi-thread open cut tunnel avoids the whole prefabricated quality of arch ring prefabricated section too big, has reduced the degree of difficulty of transportation and assembly, has improved assembly construction's practicality.

Preferably, the arch ring precast block further comprises two top side precast blocks, and the sum of the widths of the two top side precast blocks is equivalent to that of the top precast block.

The two top side precast blocks are respectively used as precast blocks at the tops of two sides of the arch ring, the specification and the size of the top side precast blocks are only different in width compared with the top precast blocks, the two top side precast blocks are used for realizing staggered cyclic assembly of the arch ring precast blocks, further, the widths of the two top side precast blocks are equal or close, stable stress of the staggered cyclic assembly of the arch ring precast blocks can be ensured, and the stability of the arch ring precast blocks is improved;

when two the width of top avris prefabricated section is close, the width is less the intensity that top avris prefabricated section need guarantee self at least can satisfy the requirement of assembling, and the top adopts crisscross circulation to assemble the arch ring prefabricated section, the side prefabricated section can be with the help of after assembling the top prefabricated section is fixed, then only needs the fixed initial installation of temporary the side prefabricated section, and need not to be one by one the side prefabricated section carries out fixed operation, has greatly simplified the process of assembling, has improved the efficiency of assembling.

Preferably, the arch ring precast block further comprises a top side precast block and two side precast blocks, and the sum of the widths of the top side precast block and the side precast blocks is equal to the width of the top precast block.

The specification and the size of the two side edge side precast blocks are equivalent, the specification of the side edge side precast block is only different in width compared with that of the side edge precast block, the sum of the width of one top edge side precast block and the width of one side edge side precast block is equivalent to that of one top precast block, the staggered and cyclic assembly of the arch ring precast blocks can be realized by matching one top edge side precast block with the two side edge side precast blocks, further, the width of one top edge side precast block is equal to or similar to that of one side edge side precast block, the stable stress of the staggered and cyclic assembly of the arch ring precast blocks can be ensured, and the stability of the arch ring precast blocks is improved; when one the top avris prefabricated section with one the width of side avris prefabricated section is close when, the width is less the top avris prefabricated section or the side avris prefabricated section need guarantee at least that the intensity of self can satisfy the requirement of assembling.

Preferably, the connection side of side wall prefabricated section is equipped with unsmooth complex constant head tank and location head, the location head with the constant head tank sets up relatively, the single-port prefabricated section is equipped with fills hole and spread groove, the notch of spread groove with the terminal surface adaptation of arch ring prefabricated section.

The side wall prefabricated block is characterized in that the side wall prefabricated block is connected with the positioning head through a connecting piece, and the side wall prefabricated block is connected with the positioning head through a connecting piece; the pouring hole is formed in the side face of the single-opening precast block, so that concrete can be conveniently filled in the side wall precast block; the spread groove is located the top surface of single-port prefabricated section is convenient for the arch ring prefabricated section is placed neatly, improves and assembles efficiency, has controlled the quality of assembling of arch ring prefabricated section.

Preferably, the adjacent arch ring precast blocks are connected by staggered joints, a waterproof layer is arranged on the vertical surface of each staggered joint, a groove is formed in the horizontal surface of each staggered joint, and a sealing gasket is placed in each groove. The waterproof layer sets up one side of arch ring upstream face, the waterproof layer is regarded as the first waterproof barrier of stagger joint, sealed the pad conduct the waterproof barrier of stagger joint second way, the waterproof layer with sealed the pad has constituted the dual waterproof barrier of stagger joint has avoided assembling the arch ring infiltration, and then influences the normal operation of railway.

Preferably, the outer side wall is also formed by longitudinally and vertically arranging hollow side wall precast blocks, and the ear wall is formed by longitudinally arranging ear wall precast blocks. The side wall precast blocks can be assembled with the outer side wall through increasing the volume of the side wall precast blocks, cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall is cancelled, the ear walls can be formed by arranging the ear wall precast blocks, cast-in-place construction of the ear walls is cancelled, the side walls are assembled and constructed by adopting the precast blocks, construction efficiency is further improved, and the side wall precast blocks are suitable for assembly and construction of double-ear wall open cut tunnels.

A construction method of the prefabricated open cut tunnel comprises the following steps:

A. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the foundation bearing platform, and manufacturing the side wall precast block and the arch ring precast block;

B. assembling and fixing the side wall precast blocks;

C. assembling and fixing the arch ring precast blocks, and filling concrete into the side wall precast blocks;

D. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall and the ear wall;

E. and finishing the construction of the auxiliary structure.

In the step A, the side wall precast blocks and the arch ring precast blocks can be synchronously manufactured in a factory within the time of pouring the foundation bearing platform and finishing concrete maintenance on site, and are transported to a construction site; in the step B, the side wall prefabricated blocks are gradually spliced layer by layer from bottom to top, and the fixed connection of the side wall prefabricated blocks is completed; in the step E, the construction of the auxiliary structure comprises concrete backfilling, earth and stone tamping, water prevention and drainage system arrangement and clay water-resisting layer laying; the construction method is to carry out whole-section construction on the open cut tunnel, namely, the construction of the open cut tunnel can be finished by carrying out the steps A to E once, and the construction of the open cut tunnel in sections can also be carried out, namely, the steps A to E are repeated for multiple times to finish the construction of the open cut tunnel. By the construction method, the prefabricated open cut tunnel can be assembled and constructed, the maintenance time of cast-in-place concrete of the foundation bearing platform is fully utilized, the maintenance of concrete in the cavity of the prefabricated block is not required to be waited, the construction period of the open cut tunnel is shortened, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the arch ring precast blocks are assembled in a staggered and cyclic manner, and then the step C includes the following steps:

c01, oppositely placing and fixing the two side precast blocks above the side precast block;

c02, hoisting a top side precast block to connect between the fixed side precast blocks;

c03, hoisting a top precast block to be assembled and fixed between the oppositely arranged side precast blocks;

c04, respectively hoisting two side precast blocks, assembling and fixing the two side precast blocks at the two ends of the top precast block in the step C03;

c05, repeating the steps C03 to C04 until all the side precast blocks and the top precast block are assembled;

c06, the last assembly in the step C05 is the side precast blocks which are oppositely arranged, and a top side precast block is hoisted and fixed between the oppositely arranged side precast blocks to complete the assembly of the arch ring; and C05, the top precast block is finally assembled, and the two side precast blocks are respectively hoisted and assembled to be fixed at two ends of the top precast block to complete the assembly of the arch ring.

In the step C01, the side wall precast blocks are located at the head end or the tail end of the open cut tunnel, the side precast blocks are temporarily fixed, and after the top precast blocks between the side precast blocks are assembled and fixed, the temporary fixing of the side precast blocks can be cancelled; the construction method of the arch ring precast block assembled in the staggered and circulating mode is adopted, the side precast block to be assembled can be supported and fixed by means of the single-opening precast block and the top precast block assembled in the previous step, meanwhile, a supporting and fixing surface is provided for the top precast block to be assembled in the next step, therefore, corresponding support is provided for fixing when the side precast block and the top precast block are assembled in the circulating mode, fixing operation on all the side precast blocks is avoided, the assembling process is greatly simplified, assembling efficiency is improved, and the method is suitable for assembling the arch rings of the multi-line open cut tunnel.

Preferably, in the step C01, the fixing of the side precast block is to set up a support truss on the side wall precast block, set a pulley on the top of the support truss, fix a winch on the foundation platform, fix a cable to the other end of the side precast block, and then fix the cable to the winch by passing through the pulley.

Through the supporting truss, the hoist engine, the cable and the pulley completion is fixed to the lateral precast block, need not to set up the support in the below of arch ring and fix, can not occupy the track, and can not receive the influence of track top contact net, and fixed easy operation is convenient for carry out the assembly construction of multi-thread open cut tunnel.

Preferably, the side surfaces of the single-cavity precast block and the double-opening precast block are provided with connecting steel bars. The connecting reinforcing steel bars are embedded in advance during production of the precast blocks, so that the outer side wall can be conveniently cast in place, and the inner side wall and the outer side wall are firmly connected.

Preferably, the adjacent side wall precast blocks are fixed by steel plate bolts. The steel plate bolt is convenient for two precast blocks to be fixedly connected, has strong operability and good connection strength, is particularly suitable for fixing the precast blocks with the cavity structures, can fix the precast blocks with the steel plate bolt on the inner side and the outer side of the side wall, ensures sufficient connection strength and improves assembling stability.

Preferably, the adjacent arch ring precast blocks are fixedly connected by adopting annular bolts or straight bolts or steel plate bolts. The arch ring prefabricated section needs to reserve the bolt hole, the ring bolt with the bolt hole of straight bolt only need set up in one side of arch ring prefabricated section, steel sheet bolt's bolt hole needs vertical running through the arch ring prefabricated section sets up.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the prefabricated open cut tunnel, the influence of the age of concrete is reduced, the construction period for building the open cut tunnel is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, a support template does not need to be arranged for the side wall and a template trolley does not need to be arranged for the arch ring on site, existing facilities such as a contact net do not need to be dismantled, live-line operation of the contact net can be carried out, and the economic loss of open cut tunnel construction to railway operation is greatly reduced;

2. the template for manufacturing the precast block can be reused, so that the material consumption of the disposable template is reduced, meanwhile, the construction cost is not required to be saved, and the effect of saving the cost is more obvious when the engineering quantity is larger;

3. according to the construction method of the prefabricated open cut tunnel, the preliminary construction of the side wall and the arch ring can be completed quickly, preliminary guarantee can be provided for the passing of railway trains in a short time, and the safety of railway operation is improved;

4. according to the construction method of the staggered and circularly assembled arch ring precast block, the side precast blocks to be assembled can be supported and fixed at two sides by means of the top precast block assembled in the previous step, and a supporting and fixing surface is provided for the top precast block to be assembled in the next step.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of half prefabricated and half cast-in-place structure of a single-pressure open cut tunnel in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a staggered assembly as described in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of assembling the arch ring precast block according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arch ring preform as described in example 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the straight bolt, the waterproof layer and the gasket according to example 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a structure of an arch ring precast block according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of semi-prefabricated and semi-cast-in-place double-eared-wall open cut tunnel in example 1;

FIG. 11-A, FIG. 11-B, FIG. 11-C, FIG. 11-D and FIG. 11-E are schematic views showing steps of a single-pressing type open cut tunnel construction method according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of full prefabrication of a single-pressure type open cut tunnel according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of through-slit assembly as described in example 2;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken at D-D of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken at E-E of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arch ring preform as described in example 2;

FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly of the arch ring precast blocks according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 18-A, FIG. 18-B, FIG. 18-C, FIG. 18-D, FIG. 18-E and FIG. 18-F are schematic views showing steps of a single-pressing type open cut tunnel construction method according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing a structure of an arch ring preform of embodiment 2;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-eared-wall open cut tunnel complete prefabrication in example 3;

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of an arch ring precast block according to embodiment 3;

FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of the ring bolt, the waterproof layer and the gasket according to example 3;

FIG. 23-A, FIG. 23-B, FIG. 23-C, FIG. 23-D, FIG. 23-E and FIG. 23-F are schematic steps of the double-eared-wall open cut hole construction method according to embodiment 3;

FIG. 24-A, FIG. 24-B, FIG. 24-C, FIG. 24-D, FIG. 24-E and FIG. 24-F are schematic diagrams of the steps of the staggered and cyclic assembly of the arch ring precast blocks according to embodiment 3;

fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of the arch ring precast block after staggered cyclic assembly in embodiment 3;

26-A, 26-B and 26-C are schematic views showing the temporary fixing steps of the arch ring precast block according to embodiment 3;

FIG. 27 is a schematic structural view of temporary fixing of an arch ring precast block according to embodiment 3;

FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of the steel plate bolt, the waterproof layer and the gasket according to example 3;

FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an arch ring precast block after being assembled in a staggered and cyclic manner in embodiment 3;

the labels in the figure are: 1-foundation cap, 2-side wall precast block, 21-double mouth precast block, 22-single mouth precast block, 23-positioning groove, 24-positioning head, 221-single cavity precast block, 222-double cavity precast block, 223-pouring hole, 224-connecting groove, 3-arch ring precast block, 31-side precast block, 32-top precast block, 33-side edge precast block, 34-top edge precast block, 35-cavity, 4-ear wall precast block, 5-waterproof layer, 6-sealing gasket, 7-connecting steel bar, 8-steel plate bolt, 9-straight bolt, 10-circumferential bolt, 11-gantry crane, 12-winch, 13-supporting truss, 14-stay cable, 15-mountain body, 16-building limit, 17-concrete backfill layer, 18-soil stone layer, 19-clay water-resisting layer and 20-cast-in-place concrete.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

The invention relates to a prefabricated open cut tunnel, which comprises a foundation cushion cap 1, side walls and an arch ring, wherein each side wall comprises an outer side wall, an ear wall and an inner side wall, the inner side wall is formed by longitudinally and vertically arranging hollow side wall precast blocks 2, each side wall precast block 2 comprises a double-opening precast block 21 and a single-opening precast block 22, the single-opening precast block 22 is used as the topmost layer of the inner side wall, the double-opening precast blocks 21 are placed below the single-opening precast blocks 22, the arch ring is formed by longitudinally arranging arch ring precast blocks 3, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are placed above the single-opening precast blocks 22.

In this embodiment, the open cut tunnel is built on a single-track railway, as shown in fig. 1, the open cut tunnel outside the building boundary 16 is a single-pressure open cut tunnel, and is assembled and constructed in a semi-prefabricated and semi-cast-in-place manner, that is, the outer side wall and the ear wall are constructed in a cast-in-place manner, the inner side wall and the arch ring are assembled and constructed in prefabricated blocks, the single-pressure open cut tunnel is arranged on one side close to the mountain 15, the outer side wall needs to be matched with the mountain 15 and is composed of cast-in-place concrete 20, the construction is completed in a cast-in-place manner, and the ear wall does not need to be arranged on the side; as shown in fig. 2, the top layer of the inner side wall is assembled by using single-cavity precast blocks 221, the part below the top layer of the inner side wall is assembled by using double-opening precast blocks 21, and the single-cavity precast blocks 221 and the double-opening precast blocks 21 are assembled by adopting staggered joints and are fixedly connected through steel plate bolts 8. As shown in fig. 3, the side surface of the single-cavity precast block 221 is provided with a pouring hole 223, the top surface of the single-cavity precast block 221 is provided with a connecting groove 224, as shown in fig. 4, on the two connecting side surfaces of the side wall precast block 2, the single-cavity precast block 221 and the double-opening precast block 21 are respectively and oppositely provided with a positioning groove 23 and a positioning head 24 which are mutually matched, that is, the protruding positioning head 24 can be just clamped into the positioning groove 23; the connecting steel bars 7 are preset on the side surfaces of the single-cavity precast block 221 and the double-opening precast block 21 which are contacted with the outer side wall,

as shown in fig. 5-8, the arch ring is composed of a plurality of arch ring precast blocks 3, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are only assembled by longitudinal arrangement, so that the arch ring assembled by the arch ring precast blocks 3 is ensured not to reduce the section moment of inertia too much, further the loss of the bearing capacity of the arch ring is reduced, and the assembling strength of the arch ring is ensured; a cavity 35 is arranged in the precast block, the cavity 35 transversely penetrates through the arch ring precast block 3, the cross section of the cavity 35 is circular, the adjacent arch ring precast blocks 3 are connected by staggered joints and fixedly connected through straight bolts 9, a waterproof layer 5 is arranged on the vertical surface of the staggered joint close to the upstream side of the arch ring, the waterproof layer 5 is made of oil-impermeable creep rubber, the oil-impermeable creep rubber has stable chemical performance, the adhesion to concrete is good, the creep property of the rubber is good, and a strong-viscosity paste state can be kept for a long time; the horizontal plane of stagger joint still is provided with the recess, and the recess is used for placing sealed 6, and sealed 6 the selecting for use of sealed pad of elastic rubber, waterproof layer 5 forms dual waterproof barrier with sealed 6 pad.

As shown in fig. 11-a, 11-B, 11-C, 11-D and 11-E, the construction method of the single-pressing open cut tunnel includes the following steps:

A. finishing cast-in-place construction of a foundation bearing platform 1, and manufacturing a side wall precast block 2 and an arch ring precast block 3;

B. assembling and fixing the side wall precast block 2;

C. assembling and fixing the arch ring precast blocks 3, and filling concrete into the side wall precast blocks 2;

D. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall and the ear wall;

E. and finishing the construction of the auxiliary structure.

Step A, pouring the foundation bearing platform 1 at two sides of the open cut tunnel and carrying out concrete maintenance, wherein during pouring, connecting steel bars 7 are embedded in advance in an area where the foundation bearing platform 1 is prepared to be placed with the side wall precast blocks 2, when the foundation bearing platform 1 is constructed, the single-cavity precast blocks 221, the double-opening precast blocks 21 and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are synchronously manufactured in a factory and transported to a construction site, wherein the single-cavity precast blocks 221 and the double-opening precast blocks 21 are reserved with mounting holes of steel plate bolts 8, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are reserved with mounting holes of straight bolts 9;

after the construction of the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides of the open cut tunnel is finished, the step B is carried out, the side wall precast blocks 2 are assembled on the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides, the double-opening precast blocks 21 are assembled in a staggered manner from the bottom layer to the top step by step, the connecting steel bars 7 which are pre-arranged on the foundation bearing platforms 1 are covered, and the upper and lower adjacent double-opening precast blocks 21 are fixed in a manner of being connected by steel plate bolts 8 when being assembled; the top layer of the inner side wall is assembled by the single-cavity precast block 221, the single-cavity precast block 221 and the adjacent double-opening precast block 21 below are also fixed by the steel plate bolt 8, and during assembly, the positioning head 24 on the connecting side surface of the double-opening precast block 21 and the single-cavity precast block 221 needs to be clamped into the positioning groove 23 of the adjacent precast block;

after the inner side walls on the two sides of the open cut tunnel are assembled, step C is carried out, a gantry crane 11 is erected on the foundation bearing platform 1, the arch ring prefabricated block 3 is hoisted to the position above the inner side walls by using the gantry crane 11, and the two end surfaces of the arch ring prefabricated block 3 are respectively placed into the connecting grooves 224 of the single-cavity prefabricated blocks 221 on the two sides; on the connecting side surface of the arch ring precast block 3, firstly sticking non-oil-seepage type creep rubber waterproof paint on the vertical surface close to one side of a water-facing layer, and mounting a rubber sealing gasket in a groove on the horizontal surface in advance; hoisting the next arch ring precast block 3 for staggered seam connection, assembling to enable two adjacent arch ring precast blocks 3 to be mutually abutted, extruding and filling the non-oil-seepage creep rubber waterproof coating into the connected seam to form a first waterproof barrier, and extruding the rubber sealing gasket into the seam to form a second waterproof barrier, wherein the rubber sealing gasket has good sealing property; when the arch ring precast block 3 is assembled, the side wall precast block 2 can be filled with concrete, namely, the double-opening precast block 21 and the single-cavity precast block 221 are simultaneously filled with concrete through the pouring hole 223 of the single-cavity precast block 221;

after the assembly of the arch ring precast blocks 3 and the filling of the side wall precast blocks 2 are finished, the step D is carried out, and as the connecting reinforcing steel bars 7 are arranged on the side surfaces of the side wall precast blocks 2 in advance, concrete is directly poured between the mountain 15 and the side wall precast blocks 2 for the side wall precast blocks 2 close to the mountain 15, or light concrete is adopted for backfill layer by layer, so as to form an adaptive outer side wall;

for the side wall precast block 2 far away from the side of the mountain 15, an outer side wall pouring template can be firstly erected, after the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall is completed, a pouring template of the ear wall is erected, and the cast-in-place construction of the ear wall is completed; or building pouring templates of the outer wall and the ear wall at the same time, and then simultaneously performing concrete cast-in-place on the outer wall and the ear wall to complete the cast-in-place construction of the outer wall and the ear wall in an integrated manner.

And E, constructing the auxiliary structure, namely backfilling concrete, tamping filled earth stones, arranging a waterproof and drainage system and paving a clay waterproof layer 19, firstly, backfilling the concrete between the poured ear wall and the arch ring to form a concrete backfill layer 17, then arranging the waterproof and drainage system, tamping filled earth stones between the ear wall and the mountain 15 to form an earth stone layer 18, and finally arranging the clay waterproof layer 19 above the tamping filled earth stones.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the cross section of the cavity 35 may be rectangular, and a plurality of cavities 35 may be provided in the arch ring precast block 3.

If the distance between the foundation bearing platform 1 and the mountain 15 is too small on one side of the single-pressure open cut tunnel close to the mountain 15 and the building position of the gantry crane 11 is not available, the side wall precast block 2 can be filled with concrete in the step C, then cast-in-place construction is carried out on the outer side wall close to the mountain 15, the cast-in-place outer side wall can be used as a building platform of the gantry crane 11 after being solidified, then the assembly of the arch ring precast block 3 can be completed, and the construction is continued according to normal procedures after the gantry crane 11 is built.

In this embodiment, the single-pressing type open cut tunnel may also be constructed in sections, for example, the whole open cut tunnel is divided into two sections, the steps a to D are performed on the first section, the steps a to D are performed on the second section, and the step E is performed finally, so that the construction of the whole open cut tunnel is completed.

As shown in fig. 10, the assembly construction of semi-prefabricating and semi-cast-in-place is carried out on the double-ear wall open cut tunnel, which is completely the same as the construction from the step a to the step C, and when the step D is carried out, because the side wall precast block 2 does not have the mountain body 15 which is close to the side wall precast block, the outer side walls and the ear walls at the two sides of the open cut tunnel are provided with pouring templates, so that the cast-in-place construction of the outer side walls and the ear walls in an integrated manner is completed; correspondingly, when the step E is carried out, concrete backfill is needed to be carried out on both sides of the arch ring, and then a waterproof and drainage system is arranged between the ear walls on both sides to carry out construction of ramming and filling earth stones and clay water-resisting layers 19.

Example 2

The invention discloses a prefabricated open cut tunnel, which comprises a foundation cushion cap 1, side walls and arch rings, wherein each side wall comprises an outer side wall, an ear wall and an inner side wall, the inner side wall is formed by longitudinally and vertically arranging hollow side wall precast blocks 2, each side wall precast block 2 comprises a double-opening precast block 21 and a single-opening precast block 22, the single-opening precast block 22 is used as the topmost layer of the inner side wall, the double-opening precast blocks 21 are placed below the single-opening precast blocks 22, the arch rings are formed by longitudinally arranging arch ring precast blocks 3, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are placed above the single-opening precast blocks 22.

In this embodiment, the open cut tunnel is built on a single-track railway, as shown in fig. 12, a single-pressure open cut tunnel is subjected to full prefabricated assembly type construction, that is, an inner side wall and an arch ring are both assembled by using prefabricated blocks, and an outer side wall and an ear wall are also assembled by using prefabricated blocks on the side of the single-pressure open cut tunnel far away from a mountain 15; for the side wall far away from the mountain 15, the outer side wall and the inner side wall are used as a whole to design the side wall precast block 2, namely the volume of the side wall precast block 2 is increased, meanwhile, one side surface of the side wall precast block 2 is an inclined surface adapted to the structure of the outer side wall, the ear wall precast block 4 is independently corresponding to an ear wall, and for the side wall near one side of the mountain 15, only the inner side wall is used as the side wall precast block 2;

as shown in fig. 14, for the side wall far from the mountain 15, the side wall includes the ear wall precast block 4 and the side wall precast block 2, the side wall precast block 2 includes the dual-cavity precast block 222 and the dual-opening precast block 21 having an inclined plane, the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall are assembled by the dual-cavity precast block 222, the inclined plane of the dual-cavity precast block 222 is provided with a pouring hole 223, the top surface of the dual-cavity precast block 222 is provided with a connecting groove 224, and the prefabricated partition board of the dual-cavity precast block 222 is arranged perpendicular to the top surface, so as to facilitate filling of concrete; the parts below the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall are assembled by using double-opening precast blocks 21 with inclined planes;

for the side wall close to one side of the mountain 15, only the side wall precast block 2 is provided, the side wall precast block 2 comprises a single-cavity precast block 221 and a double-opening precast block 21 without an inclined plane, the single-cavity precast block 221 and the double-opening precast block 21 without an inclined plane are both precast with connecting steel bars 7 on the side close to the mountain 15, the top layer of the inner side wall is spliced by the single-cavity precast block 221, the side of the single-cavity precast block 221 is provided with a pouring hole 223, the top surface of the single-cavity precast block 221 is provided with a connecting groove 224, and the parts below the top layer of the inner side wall are spliced by the double-opening precast block 21 without an inclined plane;

as shown in fig. 15, on the two connecting side surfaces of the side wall prefabricated block 2, the two-port prefabricated block 21, the dual-cavity prefabricated block 222, the single-cavity prefabricated block 221 and the ear wall prefabricated block 4 are respectively provided with a positioning groove 23 and a positioning head 24 which are matched with each other; as shown in fig. 13, the dual-port prefabricated block 21, the dual-cavity prefabricated block 222, the single-cavity prefabricated block 221 and the ear wall prefabricated block 4 are all assembled by adopting through seams.

As shown in fig. 16-17, the connecting side surface of the arch ring precast block 3 is further provided with a groove, a cavity 35 with a rectangular cross section is arranged in the arch ring precast block 3, the cavity 35 and the groove transversely penetrate through the arch ring precast block 3, adjacent arch ring precast blocks 3 are mutually aligned, attached, assembled and fixed through an annular bolt, after two adjacent arch ring precast blocks 3 are assembled, the grooves on the connecting side surface can be combined to form the cavity 35, and the two arch ring precast blocks 3 have three cavity structures in total; correspondingly, a waterproof layer 5 is arranged at the position of the flat joint close to the upstream face of the arch ring, a groove is arranged below the waterproof layer 5 and is provided with a sealing gasket 6,

as shown in fig. 18-a, 18-B, 18-C, 18-D, 18-E and 18-F, the fully prefabricated assembly type construction method of the single-pressing open cut tunnel includes the steps of:

A. finishing cast-in-place construction of a foundation bearing platform 1, and manufacturing a side wall precast block 2 and an arch ring precast block 3;

B. assembling and fixing the side wall precast block 2;

C. assembling and fixing the arch ring precast blocks 3, and filling concrete into the side wall precast blocks 2;

D. finishing the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall;

E. assembling and fixing the earwall precast block 4;

F. and finishing the construction of the auxiliary structure.

Step A, pouring the foundation bearing platform 1 at two sides of the open cut tunnel, maintaining concrete, constructing the foundation bearing platform 1, synchronously manufacturing the double-opening precast block 21, the single-cavity precast block 221, the double-cavity precast block 222, the ear wall precast block 4 and the arch ring precast block 3 in a factory, and transporting to a construction site;

after the construction of the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides of the open cut tunnel is finished, step B is carried out, side wall precast blocks 2 are assembled on the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides, for the side wall far away from the mountain 15, the double-opening precast blocks 21 with the inclined planes are gradually assembled in a through-joint mode from the bottom layer to the top layer, namely the side wall precast blocks 2 are aligned up and down, and the double-cavity precast blocks 222 are used for assembling in a through-joint mode on the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall; for the side wall close to one side of the mountain 15, gradually carrying out through-joint assembly on the double-opening precast block 21 without the inclined plane from the bottom layer to the top layer, carrying out through-joint assembly on the top layer of the inner side wall by using the single-cavity precast block 221, and when in assembly, the positioning head 24 of the connecting side surface of the side wall precast block 2 needs to be clamped into the positioning groove 23 of the adjacent precast block and is fixed by adopting a steel plate bolt 8 connection mode;

after the outer side walls, the ear walls and the inner side walls on the two sides of the open cut tunnel are assembled, step C is carried out, the arch ring prefabricated block 3 is hoisted to the position above the inner side wall, and the two end surfaces of the arch ring prefabricated block 3 are respectively placed into the connecting grooves 224 of the single-cavity prefabricated blocks 221 on the two sides; after a waterproof layer 5 is adhered and a sealing gasket 6 is installed on the connecting side surface of the arch ring precast block 3, the next arch ring precast block 3 is hoisted, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are connected, assembled and fixed through annular bolts; when the arch ring precast block 3 is assembled, the side wall precast block 2 can be filled with concrete, namely, two cavities of the double-opening precast block 21 and the double-cavity precast block 222 are filled simultaneously through the filling hole 223 of the double-cavity precast block 222;

and D, finishing the assembly of the arch ring precast blocks 3 and the filling of the side wall precast blocks 2, and finishing the cast-in-place construction of the outer side wall aiming at the side wall close to the mountain body 15, namely, filling and leveling the gap between the inner side wall and the mountain body 15 by using concrete cast-in-place.

Step E, assembling and fixing the prefabricated earwall blocks 4 on the side wall far away from the mountain body 15, removing the gantry crane 11 above the prefabricated side wall blocks 2, placing the prefabricated earwall blocks 4 above the prefabricated side wall blocks 2, and during assembling, clamping positioning heads 24 on the connecting side surfaces of the prefabricated earwall blocks 4 into positioning grooves 23 of the adjacent prefabricated earwall blocks 4 and fixing the prefabricated earwall blocks in a manner of connecting steel plate bolts 8;

and F, constructing the auxiliary structure, namely backfilling concrete, tamping and filling earth stones, arranging a waterproof and drainage system and paving a clay waterproof layer 19.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 19, the arch ring precast block 3 may not be provided with the cavity 35, and only the groove is provided to form a cavity structure.

Example 3

The invention discloses a prefabricated open cut tunnel, which comprises a foundation cushion cap 1, side walls and arch rings, wherein each side wall comprises an outer side wall, an ear wall and an inner side wall, the inner side wall is formed by longitudinally and vertically arranging hollow side wall precast blocks 2, each side wall precast block 2 comprises a double-opening precast block 21 and a single-opening precast block 22, the single-opening precast block 22 is used as the topmost layer of the inner side wall, the double-opening precast blocks 21 are placed below the single-opening precast blocks 22, the arch rings are formed by longitudinally arranging arch ring precast blocks 3, and the arch ring precast blocks 3 are placed above the single-opening precast blocks 22.

In this embodiment, the open cut tunnel is built on a multi-track railway, the span of the arch ring section of the open cut tunnel is large, as shown in fig. 20, the open cut tunnel is a double-lug wall open cut tunnel, and full-prefabricated assembly construction is adopted.

The outer side wall, the ear wall, the inner side wall and the arch ring are all assembled and constructed by prefabricated blocks; the side wall comprises a wall prefabricated block 4 and a side wall prefabricated block 2, the side wall prefabricated block 2 comprises a double-opening prefabricated block 21 and a double-cavity prefabricated block 222 which are provided with inclined planes, the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall are assembled by the double-cavity prefabricated block 222, the inclined plane of the double-cavity prefabricated block 222 is provided with a pouring hole 223, the top surface of the double-cavity prefabricated block 222 is provided with a connecting groove 224, and a prefabricated partition plate is arranged in a cavity 35 of the double-cavity prefabricated block 222 and is vertical to the top surface; the parts below the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall are spliced by double-opening precast blocks 21 with inclined planes, and positioning grooves 23 and positioning heads 24 which are mutually matched are oppositely arranged on two connecting side surfaces of the side wall precast block 2 and the ear wall precast block 4; the double-opening precast block 21, the double-cavity precast block 222 and the ear wall precast block 4 are spliced by adopting staggered joints.

Two cavities 35 with rectangular sections are arranged in the arch ring precast block 3, the cavities 35 transversely penetrate through the arch ring precast block 3, and the adjacent arch ring precast blocks 3 are connected by staggered seams; as shown in fig. 21-22, the arch ring prefabricated block 3 includes side prefabricated blocks 31, top prefabricated blocks 32 and top side prefabricated blocks 34, one top prefabricated block 32 and two side prefabricated blocks 31 can form one arch ring prefabricated block 3, the top prefabricated block 32 is connected with the side prefabricated blocks 31 through tongue-and-groove seams, the whole arch ring is composed of two top side prefabricated blocks 34, a plurality of top prefabricated blocks 32 and a plurality of side prefabricated blocks 31, the widths of the two top side prefabricated blocks 34 are equal, the assembly of the arch ring is completed in a staggered circulating assembly mode, the arch ring is fixedly connected by using a ring-shaped bolt 10, and a waterproof layer 5 is arranged on a vertical surface of the tongue-and-groove seam, which is close to the water-facing surface of the arch ring; the middle part of the tongue-and-groove joint is also provided with a groove, the groove is used for placing a sealing gasket 6, and a waterproof layer 5 and the sealing gasket 6 are also arranged at the staggered joint.

As shown in fig. 23-a, 23-B, 23-C, 23-D, 23-E and 23-F, the fully prefabricated assembly type construction method of the double-ear wall open cut tunnel includes the following steps:

A. finishing cast-in-place construction of a foundation bearing platform 1, and manufacturing a side wall precast block 2 and an arch ring precast block 3;

B. assembling and fixing the side wall precast block 2;

C. assembling and fixing the arch ring precast blocks 3, and filling concrete into the side wall precast blocks 2;

D. assembling and fixing the earwall precast block 4;

E. and finishing the construction of the auxiliary structure.

Step A, pouring the foundation bearing platform 1 at two sides of the open cut tunnel, maintaining concrete, synchronously manufacturing a double-opening precast block 21, a double-cavity precast block 222, an earwall precast block 4, a top side precast block 34, a top precast block 32 and a side precast block 31 with inclined planes in a factory while constructing the foundation bearing platform 1, and transporting the prefabricated blocks to a construction site, wherein mounting holes of the ring bolts 10 are reserved for the top side precast block 34, the top precast block 32 and the side precast block 31, and mounting holes of the steel plate bolts 8 are reserved for the double-opening precast block 21, the double-cavity precast block 222 and the earwall precast block 4;

after the construction of the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides of the open cut tunnel is completed, step B is carried out, the side wall precast blocks 2 are assembled on the foundation bearing platforms 1 on the two sides, the double-opening precast blocks 21 with inclined planes are assembled in a staggered manner from the bottom layer upwards step by step, the double-cavity precast blocks 222 are assembled in a staggered manner on the top layers of the outer side wall and the inner side wall, and during the assembly, the positioning heads 24 on the connecting side surfaces of the double-opening precast blocks 21 and the double-cavity precast blocks 222 are required to be clamped into the positioning grooves 23 of the adjacent precast blocks and are fixed in a manner of connecting steel plate bolts 8;

after the outer side walls, the ear walls and the inner side walls on the two sides of the open cut tunnel are assembled, as shown in fig. 24-a, fig. 24-B, fig. 24-C, fig. 24-D, fig. 24-E and fig. 24-F, step C is performed by a staggered and cyclic assembling method, and includes the following steps:

c01, oppositely placing and fixing the two side precast blocks 31 above the side wall precast block 2, and installing a waterproof layer 5 and a sealing gasket 6 on the end surfaces of the two side precast blocks 31; the side wall prefabricated blocks 2 are positioned at the head end or the tail end of the open cut tunnel, as shown in steps shown in fig. 26-a, fig. 26-B and fig. 26-C, two side prefabricated blocks 31 are temporarily fixed by using a supporting truss 13, a cable 14, a pulley and a winch 12, as shown in fig. 27, namely, the side prefabricated blocks 31 are fixedly connected with the winch 12 through the cable 14, and the acting force direction of the winch 12 is adjusted by matching the supporting truss 13 with the pulley;

c02, hoisting a top side precast block 34, fixedly connecting the top side precast block with the fixed side precast blocks 31, fixedly connecting the top side precast block with the fixed side precast blocks by using annular bolts 10, and installing a waterproof layer 5 and a sealing gasket 6 on the connecting side surface of the top side precast block 34; the hoisting can be completed by a gantry crane 11 arranged above the side wall precast block 2;

c03, hoisting a top precast block 32 to be assembled and fixed between the oppositely arranged side precast blocks 31, installing a waterproof layer 5 and a sealing gasket 6 on the connecting side of the two side precast blocks 31, and then, temporarily fixing the side precast blocks 31 in the step C01 can be omitted;

c04, hoisting the two side precast blocks 31 respectively, assembling and fixing the two side precast blocks 31 at the two ends of the top precast block 32 in the step C03, and installing waterproof layers 5 and sealing gaskets 6 on the end surfaces of the two side precast blocks 31 in advance;

c05, repeating the steps C03 to C04 until all the side precast blocks 31 and the top precast block 32 are assembled;

c06, and C05, the last assembly is the side precast blocks 31 which are oppositely arranged, and then another top side precast block 34 is hoisted and assembled and fixed between the side precast blocks 31 which are oppositely arranged, as shown in fig. 25, the assembly of the arch ring is completed.

When the arch ring precast block 3 is assembled, the side wall precast block 2 can be filled with concrete, that is, the two cavities of the double-opening precast block 21 and the double-cavity precast block 222 are filled with concrete simultaneously through the filling hole 223 of the double-cavity precast block 222 on the inclined surface;

after assembling of the arch ring precast blocks 3 and filling of the side wall precast blocks 2 are completed, step D is carried out, the ear wall precast blocks 4 are assembled and fixed, the gantry crane 11 above the side wall precast blocks 2 is removed, the ear wall precast blocks 4 are placed above the side wall precast blocks 2, and during assembling, positioning heads 24 on the connecting side surfaces of the ear wall precast blocks 4 need to be clamped into positioning grooves 23 of the adjacent ear wall precast blocks 4 and are fixed in a steel plate bolt 8 connection mode;

e, performing step E, wherein the construction of the auxiliary structure comprises concrete backfilling, earth and stone tamping, water prevention and drainage system arrangement and clay water-resisting layer 19 laying; and (3) performing concrete backfill construction between the prefabricated block 4 of the ear wall and the arch ring, filling the arch ring flat, tamping earth stones between the prefabricated block 4 of the ear wall and the mountain 15, and finally arranging a clay waterproof layer 19 above the tamped earth stones.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 28, the top prefabricated section 32 and the side prefabricated section 31 may also be connected by a flat seam and fixed by a steel plate bolt 8; the waterproof layer 5 and the sealing gasket 6 are correspondingly arranged on a plane, the waterproof layer 5 is arranged close to the water facing layer of the arch ring, and the sealing gasket 6 is arranged in a middle groove of the flat joint;

as shown in fig. 29, if the arch ring precast block 3 is composed of a top side precast block 34, two side precast blocks 33, a plurality of top precast blocks 32 and a plurality of side precast blocks 31, the widths of the two side precast blocks 33 are equal, and the ratio of the widths of the top side precast block 34 and the side precast blocks 33 is 4/6-6/4, it is necessary to ensure that the widths are equal or close, so as to ensure that a sufficient fixed supporting surface is provided during the cyclic assembly; step A correspondingly needs to prefabricate the side edge precast blocks 33, the top precast block 32 is assembled in step C05, and step C06 is to hoist the two side edge precast blocks 33 respectively to assemble and fix the two ends of the finally assembled top precast block 32, so as to complete the assembling work of the arch ring.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.