阅读说明：本技术 一种非逆境条件下玉米品种抗倒伏能力鉴定的方法 (Method for identifying lodging resistance of corn variety under non-adverse condition ) 是由 吴伟华 柳家友 张运栋 袁刘正 闫海霞 付家锋 王会强 王蕊 李腾 吴忠辉 戴晋 于 2019-05-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种非逆境条件下玉米品种抗倒伏能力鉴定的方法,属于玉米抗逆育种技术领域,所述方法包括以下步骤：1)播种待鉴定的玉米品种种子后,进行田间管理；2)在玉米苗散粉5d后到收获前,测定玉米的株高ph和穗位高eh；3)用步骤2)中测定的玉米的株高和穗位高,计算玉米的穗位比ehp；当待鉴定的玉米品种的穗位比≤40％时,属于强抗倒伏品种,当40％＜待鉴定的玉米品种的穗位比≤45％时,属于中等抗倒伏品种；当所述待鉴定的玉米品种的穗位比＞45％时,属于弱抗倒伏品种。所述方法能够解决无风雨灾害气象的发生年份玉米抗倒伏能力无法测定的问题；并且操作简单,成本低,测定结果准确可靠。(The invention provides a method for identifying lodging resistance of a corn variety under a non-adversity condition, belonging to the technical field of corn adversity resistance breeding, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) after sowing seeds of the corn variety to be identified, performing field management; 2) measuring the plant height ph and the ear height eh of the corn after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days and before harvesting; 3) calculating the ear position ratio ehp of the corn by using the plant height and ear position height of the corn determined in the step 2); when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is less than or equal to 40 percent, the corn variety belongs to a strong lodging-resistant variety, and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 40 percent and less than or equal to 45 percent, the corn variety belongs to a medium lodging-resistant variety; and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 45%, the corn variety belongs to a weak lodging-resistant variety. The method can solve the problem that the lodging resistance of the corn in the occurrence year of weather without wind and rain disasters cannot be measured; and the method is simple to operate, low in cost and accurate and reliable in measurement result.)

1. A method for identifying the lodging resistance of a corn variety under a non-adversity condition comprises the following steps:

1) after sowing seeds of the corn variety to be identified, performing field management;

2) measuring the plant height ph and the ear height eh of the corn after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days and before harvesting;

3) calculating the ear position ratio ehp of the corn by using the plant height and ear position height of the corn determined in the step 2);

the calculation formula of the ear position ratio is as formula I:

when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is less than or equal to 40%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a strong lodging-resistant variety, and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 40% and less than or equal to 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a medium lodging-resistant variety; and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a weak lodging-resistant variety.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds of the maize variety to be identified are uncoated, the purity of the seeds of the maize variety to be identified is greater than or equal to 99%, and the germination rate of the seeds of the maize variety to be identified is greater than or equal to 95%.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the seeding in step 1) is artificial dibbling, 1-3 seeds/hole, and the seeding depth is 4-5 cm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of maize varieties to be identified is 1-20.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein when the number of the corn varieties to be identified is greater than 1, the seeding is performed in a random block arrangement, each cell is 4-5 m long and each cell comprises 3-4 planting rows.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the row spacing between the planting rows is 55-65 cm, and the planting density is 4000-5000 plants/mu.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein no plant growth regulator is sprayed after sowing until harvest.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said field management in step 1) comprises timely watering of the mulch water during the period from after sowing to before emergence when the field soil moisture content is less than 25%.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said field management of step 1) further comprises irrigation during the jointing stage and prior to emasculation; the irrigation quantity is 40-50 cubic/mu-times; the irrigation time is that the leaves of the corn plants are curled.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the maize variety to be identified in step 1) comprises a maize inbred variety or a maize hybrid variety.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of corn stress-resistant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for identifying lodging-resistant capability of a corn variety under a non-stress condition.

Background

In the growth process of the corn, disastrous weather happens occasionally, especially, the lodging risk of the corn in the weather is larger in the middle and later periods of the growth of the corn, and the influence of the lodging resistance on the yield of the corn is huge in the disastrous years. The research shows that: the yield reduction of the corn in the middle period lodging is generally more than 30 percent, even the corn is not harvested; the late lodging yield reduction amplitude is generally between 15% and 70%. Therefore, the breeding of the corn variety with outstanding lodging resistance is one of the key factors for ensuring the stable yield of the corn under the weather conditions of wind and rain disasters.

The traditional corn lodging resistance is characterized in that after the traditional corn lodging resistance is planted through field tests, natural adversity identification is carried out under the weather condition of the weather disaster in the current year, and the lodging condition of a variety to be identified is compared with the lodging condition of a reference variety to judge the lodging resistance of the variety. The defects of natural lodging stress resistance identification are as follows: firstly, the occurrence of weather is uncertain, if the variety is not subjected to severe weather in the year of experimental identification, the lodging resistance of the variety can not be identified, and the identification of the lodging resistance of the year can be missed; secondly, if the variety is not known to have strong and weak lodging resistance and is eliminated due to weak lodging resistance after entering the high-level test, the previous manpower and financial resources are wasted; and thirdly, if extreme conditions occur, the weak lodging resistance of the variety is not discovered and is promoted in a large area after approval, and disasters caused by severe weather of wind and rain occur in the promotion process, so that great loss can be generated.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for identifying lodging resistance of a corn variety under non-adverse conditions, which can identify the lodging resistance of the corn variety to be identified under the condition of no-wind-rain severe weather, and can solve the problem that the lodging resistance of the corn cannot be determined in the occurrence year of no-wind-rain disaster weather; and the method is simple to operate, low in cost and accurate and reliable in measurement result.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for identifying the lodging resistance of a corn variety under a non-adversity condition comprises the following steps:

1) after sowing seeds of the corn variety to be identified, performing field management;

2) measuring the plant height ph and the ear height eh of the corn after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days and before harvesting;

3) calculating the ear position ratio ehp of the corn by using the plant height and ear position height of the corn determined in the step 2);

the calculation formula of the ear position ratio is as formula I:

when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is less than or equal to 40%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a strong lodging-resistant variety, and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 40% and less than or equal to 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a medium lodging-resistant variety; and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a weak lodging-resistant variety.

Preferably, the corn variety seeds to be identified are uncoated, the purity of the corn variety seeds to be identified is more than or equal to 99%, and the germination rate of the corn variety seeds to be identified is more than or equal to 95%.

Preferably, the sowing in the step 1) is manual dibbling, 1-3 seeds/hole, and the sowing depth is 4-5 cm.

Preferably, the number of the corn varieties to be identified is 1-20.

Preferably, when the number of the corn varieties to be identified is more than 1, the seeding is arranged in random block groups, the row length of each cell is 4-5 m, and each cell comprises 3-4 planting rows.

Preferably, the row spacing between the planting rows is 55-65 cm, and the planting density is 4000-5000 plants/mu.

After sowing and during harvesting, no plant growth regulator is sprayed.

Preferably, the field management in the step 1) comprises timely irrigating covering water when the water content of the field soil is lower than 25% from the time after sowing to the time before emergence.

Preferably, the field management in the step 1) further comprises irrigation before castration in the jointing stage; the irrigation quantity is 40-50 cubic/mu-times; the irrigation time is that the leaves of the corn plants are curled.

Preferably, the maize variety to be identified in step 1) comprises a maize inbred line variety or a maize hybrid variety.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for identifying the lodging resistance of the corn variety under the non-adversity condition, provided by the invention, the plant height and the ear position height of the adult corn variety to be identified are measured, the ear position ratio of the corn variety is calculated, and the gravity center height of the variety is judged according to the ear position ratio, so that the lodging resistance of the corn variety to be identified is determined. The smaller the ear position ratio value is, the lower the gravity center of the corn variety is, the better the lodging resistance is; the larger the ear position ratio value is, the higher the gravity center of the corn variety is, and the poorer the lodging resistance is. The method provided by the invention can be used for identifying the lodging resistance of the corn variety needing to be subjected to lodging resistance identification under the condition of no wind and rain severe weather, and can solve the problem that the lodging resistance of the corn in the occurrence year of no wind and rain disaster weather cannot be measured; and the method is simple to operate, low in cost and accurate and reliable in identification result.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for identifying the lodging resistance of a corn variety under a non-adversity condition, which comprises the following steps: 1) after sowing seeds of the corn variety to be identified, performing field management; 2) measuring the plant height ph and the ear height eh of the corn after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days and before harvesting; 3) calculating the ear position ratio ehp of the corn by using the plant height and ear position height of the corn determined in the step 2); the calculation formula of the ear position ratio is as formula I:

when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is less than or equal to 40%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a strong lodging-resistant variety, and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 40% and less than or equal to 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a medium lodging-resistant variety; and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a weak lodging-resistant variety.

In the invention, after sowing seeds of a corn variety to be identified, field management is carried out. In the invention, the maize variety to be identified comprises a maize inbred line variety or a maize hybrid variety. In the invention, the corn variety seeds to be identified are preferably uncoated seeds, the purity of the corn variety seeds to be identified is preferably more than or equal to 99%, and the germination rate of the corn variety seeds to be identified is preferably more than or equal to 95%. In the invention, the sowing is preferably manual dibbling, and the number of dibbled seeds is preferably 1-3 seeds/hole, more preferably 2 seeds/hole; the sowing depth is preferably 4-5 cm. The number of the corn varieties to be identified is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1-20. In the invention, when the number of the corn varieties to be identified is more than 1, the seeding is preferably arranged in random block groups, the row length of each cell is preferably 4-5 m, each cell preferably comprises 3-4 planting rows, and the row spacing between the planting rows is preferably 55-65 cm, and more preferably 60 cm; the planting density is preferably 4000-5000 plants/mu, and more preferably 4500 plants/mu. In the invention, the sowed field is preferably a field with flat terrain, uniform fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage.

After the sowing, the field management is carried out, and the field management preferably comprises that during the period from the sowing to the pre-emergence of seedlings, when the water content of the field soil is lower than 25%, the mulch water is irrigated in time; the purpose of irrigating the head covering water is to ensure the whole seedling. In the invention, the field management also comprises irrigation before castration in the jointing stage; the irrigation amount is preferably 40-50 cubic/mu per time, and more preferably 42-48 cubic/mu per time; the irrigation time is preferably when the leaves of the corn plants are curled, and more preferably when the leaves on the upper part of the plants are curled before and after 2 points in the afternoon of a clear day. In the invention, the field management also comprises timely drainage if water is accumulated in the field. The invention does not spray any plant growth regulator from the sowing to the harvest of the seeds of the maize variety to be identified. In the invention, other field management is consistent with local field management.

According to the invention, the plant height ph and the ear height eh of the corn are measured after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days and before the corn seedling is harvested. In the present invention, it is preferable to perform the measurement of the plant height and ear height of the corn immediately after the corn seedling is scattered for 5 days. In the present invention, the method for measuring the plant height of maize is preferably as follows: and (3) placing the scale position of the ruler 0 at the root surface of the single plant to be measured, keeping the ruler parallel to the stem of the single plant to be measured, and recording the scale value of the top end of the tassel of the single plant, namely the plant height. In the present invention, the method for measuring the height of the ear of corn is preferably as follows: and (3) placing the scale position of the ruler 0 at the root surface of the single plant to be measured, keeping the ruler and the stem of the single plant to be measured parallel, and recording the scale value of the single plant female ear internode, namely the ear position height.

After the plant height and the ear height of the corn are obtained, calculating the ear position ratio of the corn by using the measured plant height and ear position of the corn; the calculation formula of the ear position ratio is as formula I:

in formula I: ehp is ear position ratio; eh is the ear height; ph is plant height.

When the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is less than or equal to 40%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a strong lodging-resistant variety, and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 40% and less than or equal to 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a medium lodging-resistant variety; and when the ear position ratio of the corn variety to be identified is more than 45%, the corn variety to be identified belongs to a weak lodging-resistant variety.

The method can simultaneously identify and compare the lodging resistance of various corn varieties to be identified; the method is simple to operate, low in cost and accurate and reliable in identification result.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.