阅读说明：本技术 传动装置输出端设备 (Transmission output end equipment ) 是由 普斯·萨蒂亚纳拉亚纳 普拉若·艾亚帕特 凯达尔·巴尔格杰 于 2018-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了一种用于驱动机动车的驱动轮的传动装置输出端设备(10),其具有用于覆盖机动车传动装置的固定不动的传动装置壳体(12)、从传动装置壳体(12)伸出的用于将驱动力矩从机动车传动装置导出的输出轴(14)以及与输出轴(14)且与传动装置壳体(12)连接的能切换的超越离合器(16),超越离合器用于在输出轴(14)反向转动时将输出轴(14)在锁止位置中牢固保持在传动装置壳体(12)上。通过能切换的超越离合器(16),输出轴(14)能够被卡锁以防反向运动,从而能够实现机动车在斜的平面上爬坡时容易且低成本的起动。此外,还提供了一种具有这种传动装置输出端设备(10)的三轮小型机动车。(A transmission output device (10) for driving the drive wheels of a motor vehicle is provided, comprising a stationary transmission housing (12) for covering a motor vehicle transmission, an output shaft (14) which projects from the transmission housing (12) and is used to drive a drive torque out of the motor vehicle transmission, and a switchable overrunning clutch (16) which is connected to the output shaft (14) and to the transmission housing (12) and is used to hold the output shaft (14) firmly on the transmission housing (12) in a locked position when the output shaft (14) rotates in the opposite direction. The output shaft (14) can be locked by the switchable overrunning clutch (16) to prevent reverse movement, so that the motor vehicle can be started easily and at low cost when climbing on an inclined plane. Furthermore, a three-wheeled small motor vehicle with such a transmission output device (10) is provided.)

1. Transmission output device for driving a drive wheel of a motor vehicle, the transmission output device having:

a stationary transmission housing (12) for covering a motor vehicle transmission;

an output shaft (14) extending from the transmission housing (12) for delivering a drive torque from the motor vehicle transmission; and

a switchable overrunning clutch (16) connected to the output shaft (14) and to the transmission housing (12) for holding the output shaft (14) securely to the transmission housing (12) in a locked position when the output shaft (14) rotates in the reverse direction.

2. Transmission output device according to claim 1, characterized in that an operating cable (34) for switching the overrunning clutch (16) is connected with a switching cage (22) for clamping a locking element (26).

3. The transmission output arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching cage (22) is supported in a manner rotatable relative to the output shaft (14) between a locking position and an idle position for switching the overrunning clutch (16), wherein the operating cable (34) is fastened to the switching cage (22) at a switching end (32) and the operating cable (34) is wound from the switching end partially around the switching cage (22) in the circumferential direction.

4. Transmission output end arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the operating cable (34) is wound around the switching cage in the idle position with a winding angle α, wherein for the winding angle it applies that 90 ° ≦ α ≦ 350 °, in particular 180 ° ≦ α ≦ 320 °, preferably 200 ° ≦ α ≦ 300 °, and particularly preferably α -270 ° ±. 20 °, wherein in particular the winding angle α is smaller in the locked position than in the idle position.

5. Transmission output end apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the steering cable (34) is fastened at a steering end with a manually operable shift lever and/or a turning handle which can be fastened on a steering handle of the motor vehicle.

6. Transmission output end device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a return spring (28) is provided which is connected with the switching cage (22) which is provided for clamping a locking element (26) of the overrunning clutch (16) and with the transmission housing (12), for rotating the switching cage (22) into a defined initial orientation, in particular corresponding to an idle position.

7. Transmission output device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a switching cage (22) for clamping locking elements (26) of the overrunning clutch (16) is provided, wherein the switching cage (22) is substantially coaxially and relatively rotatably sleeved on the output shaft (14), wherein the switching cage (22) has ribs (24) protruding in an axial direction for displacing the locking elements (26) in a circumferential direction.

8. Transmission output device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the overrunning clutch (16) has rolling bodies as locking elements (26), wherein the rolling bodies can be clamped in a rotational gap constriction of the overrunning clutch (16) arranged between the output shaft (14) and the transmission housing (12).

9. Three-wheeled small motor vehicle having a motor vehicle motor and a motor vehicle transmission connectable thereto, wherein the motor vehicle transmission has a transmission output device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Three-wheeled scooter according to claim 9, characterised in that the output shaft (14) is coupled to the two driving wheels by means of a differential transmission.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a transmission output device by means of which the drive wheels of a motor vehicle can be driven with a torque from the motor vehicle transmission.

Background

When the motor vehicle is parked on an inclined plane and a restart is desired, it may happen that: the vehicle rolls backwards down the inclined plane due to gravity until the starting torque is sufficient to allow the vehicle to accelerate uphill on the inclined plane. In order to avoid reverse rolling, it is known to actuate the brakes at the same time during starting, which is often difficult for the driver to implement when he wants to actuate the brakes not too strongly at the same time in order to avoid stalling of the motor vehicle at the start. Electronic aids that facilitate starting on inclined planes are costly.

There is a continuing need to facilitate the cost-effective starting of motor vehicles on uphill terrain on an inclined surface.

Disclosure of Invention

The aim of the invention is to provide a means for starting a motor vehicle on an inclined surface easily and inexpensively.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a transmission output device having the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention, which can each individually or in combination represent an aspect of the invention, are specified in the dependent claims and the subsequent description.

According to the invention, a transmission output device for driving a drive wheel of a motor vehicle is provided, having: the clutch device comprises a stationary transmission housing for covering a motor vehicle transmission, an output shaft which projects from the transmission housing and is used for removing a drive torque from the motor vehicle transmission, and a switchable overrunning clutch which is connected to the output shaft and to the transmission housing and is used for holding the output shaft firmly on the transmission housing in a locked position when the output shaft rotates in the opposite direction.

In the idle position of the overrunning clutch, the motor vehicle transmission can derive a torque in a conventional manner, which can be transmitted to the drive wheels in order to move the motor vehicle forward. However, in the locked position of the overrunning clutch, the output shaft of the motor vehicle transmission can be latched to the stationary transmission housing, so that the rotation of the output shaft is stopped. If the driver of the motor vehicle stops the motor vehicle and disconnects the motor vehicle transmission from the motor vehicle, the driver can additionally bring the overrunning clutch into the locked position. The drive wheels are also prevented from rotating because the output shaft is held fast and is prevented from rotating. The drive wheel can thereby rest on the ground with static friction and hold the motor vehicle stationary. In particular, the motor vehicle can thereby be prevented from rolling backwards on an inclined plane due to gravity. The reverse direction of rotation of the output shaft, which corresponds to the reverse direction of the motor vehicle, is blocked in the locked position of the overrunning clutch, so that the rolling of the drive wheels on the ground is also blocked. Preferably, in the locked position of the overrunning clutch, the rotation of the output shaft in the opposite rotational direction to that corresponding to forward travel of the motor vehicle is not locked. The switchable overrunning clutch is in particular designed as a one-sided locking overrunning clutch. This makes it easy to start the vehicle and move the vehicle forward when the overrunning clutch is switched in the locked position. In particular in the case of traffic jams in which a plurality of short starting processes are to be taken into account, the overrunning clutch can be left in the locked position without the driver having to repeatedly actively change between the locked position and the idle position of the overrunning clutch for each starting process. In principle, a switchable freewheel clutch, which is designed as a one-sided locking freewheel clutch, can be permanently left in the locked position and only switched into the neutral position when the motor vehicle is to be driven in reverse and/or pushed back by hand. The switchable overrunning clutch is a low-cost component which can be provided in particular as a standard component which can be produced by mass production, so that a significantly lower-cost solution is achieved compared to electronic aids for preventing reverse rolling on a diagonal plane. Through the switchable overrunning clutch, the output shaft can be locked to prevent backward movement, so that the motor vehicle can be started on an inclined plane in an uphill manner easily and at low cost.

The overrunning clutch can have a first ring, in particular designed as an inner ring, and a second ring, in particular designed as an outer ring, arranged substantially coaxially with respect to the first ring. For example, the first ring may be connected with the output shaft and the second ring may be connected directly or indirectly with the transmission housing, or vice versa. In the forward travel, the ring connected to the output shaft can pass the ring connected to the transmission housing in the first circumferential direction. In reverse travel, the ring coupled to the output shaft may overrun the ring coupled to the transmission housing in a second circumferential direction opposite the first circumferential direction. The switchable overrunning clutch can be designed such that during forward travel, i.e. when the ring connected to the output shaft overruns the ring connected to the transmission housing in the first circumferential direction, an idle rotation is always possible and the first ring can rotate relative to the second ring, irrespective of the switching position of the overrunning clutch. In reverse driving, i.e. when the ring connected to the output shaft passes the ring connected to the transmission housing in the second circumferential direction, the locking element arranged between the first ring and the second ring can be displaced between the free-wheeling position and the locking position, in particular by means of a shifting element, which is designed, for example, as a shifting cage. The switching element can be actuated by a control device of the motor vehicle and/or by the driver. In the locking position, the first ring and the second ring can be clamped, preferably with self-energizing force, via the locking element. For this purpose, the locking elements, which are designed as rolling bodies, for example, can be pressed against inclined planes which are inclined relative to the circumferential direction, so that they can be clamped in the radial direction between the first ring and the second ring. In particular, in this locked position, the clamping can be automatically released by a relative rotation in the opposite direction, i.e. during forward driving, so that the locked position can be avoided during forward driving. Preferably, a spring element acts on each of the locking elements, wherein the spring element can automatically move the locking elements into a defined initial position, in particular corresponding to the idle position. The overrunning clutch can preferably be designed as a single-acting switchable overrunning clutch.

In particular, an actuating cable for switching the overrunning clutch is connected to a switching cage for clamping the locking element. The steering cable enables low cost mechanical steering of the overrunning clutch. Furthermore, the steering cable can be easily guided, for example via rollers, to a position where the driver can act on the steering cable. For example, the steering cable may lead to a pedal or lever that can be steered by the foot of the driver. In particular, the overrunning clutch can be switched into the locked position by pulling the actuating cable. The actuating cable has in particular a litz wire made of a mechanical material. The steering cable is designed, for example, as a bowden cable.

Preferably, the switching cage is mounted so as to be rotatable relative to the output shaft between a locking position and an idle position for switching the overrunning clutch, wherein the actuating cable is fastened to the switching cage at a switching end and is wound from this switching end partially in the circumferential direction around the switching cage. The movement of the actuation cable along its longitudinal extension, which is triggered for example by pulling the actuation cable, can be converted into a rotation of the switching cage as a result of a tangential action on the switching cage and/or a circumferential action. This results in a low-cost and robust construction for the overrunning clutch. The switching cage can have grooves on its radially outer side for accommodating the actuation cables, so that the actuation cables cannot slide off the switching cage in the axial direction.

Particularly preferably, the actuation cable is wound around the switching cage in the idle position at a winding angle α, wherein for the winding angle 90 ° ≦ α ≦ 350 °, particularly 180 ° ≦ α ≦ 320 °, preferably 200 ° ≦ α ≦ 300 °, and particularly preferably α ≦ 270 ° ± 20 °, wherein in particular the winding angle α is smaller in the locked position than in the idle position. With such a winding angle, a sufficient rotation of the switching cage can be achieved. At the same time, the operating cable is allowed to wind around the switching cage in the free-wheeling position of the overrunning clutch and in the locking position of the overrunning clutch with a minimum winding angle, so that the operating cable can be prevented from slipping out of the switching cage in the axial direction.

In particular, the actuating cable is fastened at the actuating end to a manually actuatable shift lever and/or a twist grip which can be fastened to a steering handle of the motor vehicle. This allows the overrunning clutch to be easily actuated by the hand of the driver of the motor vehicle. It is particularly preferred that the operating cable is connected to a shift lever or a rotary handle provided for shifting the reverse gear, so that the overrunning clutch is automatically shifted into the neutral position when the reverse gear is shifted, and a desired blocking of the reverse travel due to the overrunning clutch can be avoided. For this purpose, the shift lever or the rotary handle can be moved in one direction for shifting the reverse gear and in the opposite direction for shifting the overrun clutch into the locked position.

Preferably, a return spring is connected to the shift cage, which is provided for clamping the locking element of the overrunning clutch, and to the transmission housing, the return spring being provided for rotating the shift cage into a defined initial orientation, in particular corresponding to the idle position. The return spring is in particular designed as a helical spring connected to the shift cage and to the transmission housing, which helical spring is in particular arranged radially outside the outer ring of the overrunning clutch. This allows the restoring spring to be guided radially inward by the remainder of the overrunning clutch.

In a particularly preferred manner, a switching cage is provided for clamping the locking elements of the overrunning clutch, wherein the switching cage is mounted substantially coaxially and rotatably relative to the output shaft, wherein the switching cage has ribs projecting in the axial direction for displacing the locking elements in the circumferential direction. The ribs can be inserted between an inner ring and an outer ring of the overrunning clutch, wherein the ribs are arranged in particular at a distance from the inner ring and the outer ring such that they do not touch the inner ring or the outer ring. The ribs can be moved by a rotation of the switching cage in the circumferential direction and thereby displace the respectively associated locking elements in the circumferential direction between the idle position and the locking position. For this purpose, the switching cage can be produced inexpensively from plastic.

In particular, the overrunning clutch has rolling bodies as locking elements, wherein the rolling bodies can be clamped in a rotational play constriction of the overrunning clutch arranged between the output shaft and the transmission housing. The rotation-play narrowing can be designed in particular by an inclined plane inclined with respect to the circumferential direction. The shifting cage can be pressed into the preferably self-energizing rotation gap constriction, in particular by means of ribs inserted between the inner ring and the outer ring of the overrunning clutch, in order to lock the output shaft to the transmission housing in the locking position thus achieved. In the idle position, the locking elements designed as rolling bodies can roll on the inner ring and/or on the outer ring when they are positioned out of the rotation gap constriction into the rotation gap formed between the inner ring and the outer ring of the overrunning clutch. In this way, the friction losses of the overrunning clutch in the idle position are kept low.

The invention also relates to a three-wheeled small motor vehicle having a motor vehicle motor and a motor vehicle transmission connectable to the motor vehicle motor, wherein the motor vehicle transmission has a transmission output device which can be configured and improved as described above. The switchable overrunning clutch of the transmission output device allows the output shaft to be locked to prevent reverse movement, so that the motor vehicle can be started easily and inexpensively on an inclined plane on an uphill slope. The three-wheeled motor vehicle has in particular a steering handle for steering the motor vehicle, wherein preferably a lever or a twist grip which can be actuated by the driver's hand is provided on the steering handle, by means of which an overrunning clutch of the transmission output can be easily actuated.

Preferably, the output shaft is coupled with the two drive wheels via a differential transmission. In this way, the two drive wheels can be parked by latching the output shaft, so that a separate switchable overrunning clutch does not have to be provided for any of the two drive wheels.

Drawings

The invention is exemplarily described below in accordance with a preferred embodiment with reference to the appended drawings, wherein the features shown subsequently can present an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. Wherein:

FIG. 1: a schematic cross-sectional view showing the transmission output end apparatus;

FIG. 2: a perspective view of a portion of an overrunning clutch of the transmission output device of fig. 1; and

FIG. 3: a schematic perspective view of the shifting cage of the overrunning clutch of fig. 2 is shown.

Detailed Description

The transmission output device 10 shown in fig. 1 has an output shaft 14 which projects from a stationary transmission housing 12 of a motor vehicle transmission. A switchable overrunning clutch 16, which is fastened to the output shaft 14 by an inner ring 18 and to the transmission housing 12 by an outer ring 20, acts on the output shaft 14 and on the transmission housing 12. Furthermore, the overrunning clutch 16 has a rotatable shift cage 22 arranged coaxially with the output shaft 14, from which ribs 24 project in the axial direction, as shown in fig. 3. The ribs 24 project into the rotational gap formed between the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 20. In the rotational play between the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 20, locking elements 26 are provided, which are designed as rolling bodies and which can be displaced by the ribs 24 in the circumferential direction between an idle position and a locking position when the switching cage 22 rotates in order to switch the overrunning clutch 16. The return spring 28, which is designed as a helical spring with a large diameter in relation to the axial extent, is slipped over the axially projecting part of the switching cage 22 and is guided. The return spring 28 is connected to the switching cage 22 and the transmission housing 12 and can be compressed when the switching cage 22 is rotated from the idle position into the locked position. When the actuating force for rotating the switching cage 22 into the locking position is reduced or eliminated, the return spring 28 can automatically move the switching cage 22 into the idle position.

As shown in fig. 2 in particular, the switching cage 22 has a groove 30 on its radially outer circumferential side, in which a bowden cable (Bowdenzug) designed with a cylindrical connection 32 is accommodated. The actuating cable 34 is firmly connected to the switching cage 22 via a switching end of the actuating cable 34 which is designed as a cylindrical joint 32. The operating cable 34 received in the groove 30 is wound onto the switching holder 22 at a considerable winding angle, so that pulling the operating cable 34 causes the switching holder 22 to rotate.

List of reference numerals

10 transmission output end equipment

12 Transmission housing

14 output shaft

16 overrunning clutch

18 inner ring

20 outer ring

22 switching cage

24 Ribs

26 locking element

28 back adjusting spring

30 grooves

32 barrel joint

34 operating cable