阅读说明：本技术 一种红托竹荪工厂化栽培工艺 (Industrial cultivation process of Dictyophora rubrovalvata ) 是由 巩玉辉 庄继文 肖忠建 方晔 梅健 余蓉 陈翠翠 于 2018-06-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于农业技术领域,尤其是一种红托竹荪工厂化栽培工艺,具体包括以下步骤：(1)培养料的制备；(2)培养基的制备；(3)接种；(4)菌种的培养；(5)红托竹荪的培养。本发明通过一系列措施实现了红托竹荪的工厂化栽培,使用耐高温耐高压塑料瓶,降低了灭菌时间；使用全自动装瓶机器,提高了生产效率；通过特定的培养料配合低温出菇工艺,后期出菇管理生物转化率可提高10％以上,同时大幅提高鲜菇质量,生产符合当前消费理念的食用菌产品。(The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a dictyophora rubrovolvata industrial cultivation process which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a culture material; (2) preparing a culture medium; (3) inoculating; (4) culturing strains; (5) and (5) culturing dictyophora rubrovolvata. The invention realizes the industrial cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovalvata through a series of measures, uses a high temperature and high pressure resistant plastic bottle, and reduces the sterilization time; the full-automatic bottling machine is used, so that the production efficiency is improved; by matching the specific culture material with a low-temperature fruiting process, the biological conversion rate of later fruiting management can be improved by more than 10%, meanwhile, the quality of fresh mushrooms is greatly improved, and edible mushroom products meeting the current consumption concept are produced.)

1. An industrial cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 10-20% of pine sawdust with granularity less than 2mm, 20-30% of hardwood sawdust with granularity of 4-6mm, 20-30% of bagasse, 5-10% of rice bran, 15-20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder according to weight percentage, and then uniformly mixing to obtain a culture material; wherein the water content of the culture material is 62-64%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35: 1;

(2) preparation of a culture medium: selecting 710-780cc plastic bottles, adding 500-600g of compost into each plastic bottle, sterilizing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a culture medium;

(3) inoculation: inoculating and inoculating solid strains into the culture medium in a sterile area, and inoculating 20-30g of strains in each bottle to obtain strain bottles;

(4) culturing strains: culturing the inoculated strain bottle in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% for 60-85 days;

(5) culturing Dictyophora rubrovalvata: after mycelium of Dictyophora rubrovalvata strains in the culture medium is mature, performing mycelium stimulation treatment to hang the old skin of the bottle mouth, and then transferring into a growing room to be covered with peat soil for culturing and fruiting to obtain Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

2. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), 10% of pine wood chips with a particle size of less than 2mm, 30% of rotted hardwood wood chips with a particle size of 4-6mm, 30% of bagasse, 10% of rice bran, 15% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder are weighed according to weight percentage and then are mixed uniformly to obtain a culture material; wherein the water content of the culture material is 62-64%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30: 1.

3. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the decomposition treatment of decomposed hard wood chips comprises the following steps:

a. building a pile: piling the hard miscellaneous wood chips into a fermentation pile of 10m multiplied by 10 m;

b. and (3) decomposition: spraying water to the fermentation pile 24h every day on day 1-10; introducing saturated steam into the center of the water-sprayed fermentation pile on days 3-20, and introducing the steam for 2h every day; and returning the fermented heap through steam once every 3 days on the 10 th to 30 th days, and spraying water for 3h to obtain the decomposed hard miscellaneous wood chips.

4. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pH of the culture medium is 6.0-6.5.

5. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the plastic bottles have a size of 750cc, and 550g of compost is added into each plastic bottle.

6. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization in the step (2) is autoclaving, the temperature is 121-.

7. The industrial Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the cultivation in the growing room is divided into 5 stages:

i, on days 1-10, the temperature of a fertility room is 16-18 ℃, the humidity is 97-99%, no light is emitted, and intermittent ventilation is performed: closing for 5min every time ventilation is carried out for 10 min;

II, on days 10-11, the temperature of the breeding room is 12-14 ℃, the humidity is 97-99%, the light is weak, and the intermittent ventilation is performed: closing for 10-60min every 2min of ventilation;

III, on days 11-21, the temperature of the growing room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is not less than 95%, and the intermittent illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 5-20min and turning off the lamp for 60min, and intermittently ventilating: closing for 10min every 5min of ventilation; the light-on time is gradually increased;

IV, on 21-25 days, the temperature of the breeding room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the intermittent illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 10-30min and turning off the lamp for 60 min; intermittent ventilation: closing for 10min every time ventilation is carried out for 10 min; the light-on time is gradually reduced;

v, in the harvesting period, the temperature of a growing room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the batch illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 5min and turning off the lamp for 60 min; intermittent ventilation: and closing for 60min every 5-10min of ventilation.

8. A culture in a growth chamber according to claim 7 wherein the temperature in the growth chamber during stages III, IV and V is between 10 ℃ and 12 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an industrial cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata.

Background

At present, the domestic dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation process mainly comprises the steps of filling culture base materials into a container made of polyethylene plastics (17 x 33cm) through manual or semi-mechanized equipment, sterilizing at normal pressure and 100 ℃ for 48 hours, cooling, making a fungus supporting rod, transferring the fungus supporting rod to an inoculation chamber, inoculating, transferring to a culture warehouse, and cultivating for 120 days with covering soil. The process is mostly used by farmers, the production mode restricts the development of the bamboo fungus industry in China, and particularly the production mode has the following defects:

1. the labor cost is high, the production mode produces the fungus sticks by manual bagging or semi-mechanized bagging, the labor cost is high, the efficiency is low, the single efficiency of the current domestic advanced bagging machine is 500 bags/hour, and each machine can be operated by 6-8 persons.

2. The energy consumption is high, generally, the bamboo fungus production adopts larger particle wood chips as raw materials, the used container can only select 6-8-filament-thick polyethylene plastic bags, the polyethylene is not high-temperature resistant, the fungus sticks can only be sterilized by adopting a normal-pressure sterilization method, the temperature is usually 100 ℃ for 48 hours, and the energy consumption is high;

3. the culture period is long, a polyethylene plastic bag is used as a container for producing the bacteria sticks, the density of the bacteria sticks is high after the bacteria sticks are loaded, so that the oxygen content in the bacteria sticks is relatively low, and the culture period is generally 100-plus 120 days;

4. the pollution rate is high, because the polyethylene plastic bag is used as a container for producing the bacteria sticks, the bacteria sticks are easy to be damaged after the culture, other mixed bacteria infect the bacteria sticks, and the pollution rate of the whole batch is 30-40% after the culture is generally finished.

For example, in the case of the cultivation method of bagged sticks and soil covering of Dictyophora rubrovalvata disclosed in the patent application No. 201510840532, the cultivation period of Dictyophora rubrovalvata strains is 100-.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dictyophora rubrovolvata industrial cultivation process, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

an industrial cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 10-20% of pine sawdust with granularity less than 2mm, 20-30% of hardwood sawdust with granularity of 4-6mm, 20-30% of bagasse, 5-10% of rice bran, 15-20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder according to weight percentage, and then uniformly mixing to obtain a culture material; wherein the water content of the culture material is 62-64%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35: 1;

(2) preparation of a culture medium: selecting a plastic bottle with the specification of 710-;

(3) inoculation: inoculating and inoculating solid strains into the culture medium in a sterile area, and inoculating 20-30g of strains in each bottle to obtain strain bottles;

(4) culturing strains: culturing the inoculated strain bottle in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% for 60-85 days;

(5) culturing Dictyophora rubrovalvata: after mycelium of Dictyophora rubrovalvata strains in the culture medium is mature, performing mycelium stimulation treatment to hang the old skin of the bottle mouth, and then transferring into a growing room to be covered with peat soil for culturing and fruiting to obtain Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

Further, in the step (1), 10% of pine wood chips with the granularity of less than 2mm, 30% of rotten hard miscellaneous wood chips with the granularity of 4-6mm, 30% of bagasse, 10% of rice bran, 15% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder are weighed according to the weight percentage and then are uniformly mixed to obtain the culture material; wherein the water content of the culture material is 62-64%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30: 1;

further, in the step (1), the decomposition treatment of the decomposed hard mixed wood chips comprises the following steps:

a. building a pile: piling the hard miscellaneous wood chips into a fermentation pile of 10m multiplied by 10 m;

b. and (3) decomposition: spraying water to the fermentation pile 24h every day on day 1-10; introducing saturated steam into the center of the water-sprayed fermentation pile on days 3-20, and introducing the steam for 2h every day; and returning the fermented heap through steam once every 3 days on the 10 th to 30 th days, and spraying water for 3h to obtain the decomposed hard miscellaneous wood chips.

Further, in the step (2), the pH of the culture medium is between 6.0 and 6.5.

Further, in the step (2), autoclaving is adopted for 4-5 h.

Further, in the step (2), the specification of the plastic bottles is 750cc, and 550g of the culture material is added into each plastic bottle.

Further, in the step (5), the cultivation in the growth room is divided into 5 stages:

i, on days 1-10, the temperature of a fertility room is 16-18 ℃, the humidity is 97-99%, no light is emitted, and intermittent ventilation is performed: closing for 5min every time ventilation is carried out for 10 min;

II, on days 10-11, the temperature of the breeding room is 12-14 ℃, the humidity is 97-99%, the light is weak, and the intermittent ventilation is performed: closing for 10-60min every 2min of ventilation;

III, on days 11-21, the temperature of the growing room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is not less than 95%, and the intermittent illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 5-20min and turning off the lamp for 60min, and intermittently ventilating: closing for 10min every 5min of ventilation; the light-on time is gradually increased;

IV, on 21-25 days, the temperature of the breeding room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the intermittent illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 10-30min and turning off the lamp for 60 min; intermittent ventilation: closing for 10min every time ventilation is carried out for 10 min; the light-on time is gradually reduced;

v, in the harvesting period, the temperature of a growing room is 6-12 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the batch illumination is as follows: turning on the lamp for 5min and turning off the lamp for 60 min; intermittent ventilation: closing for 60min every 5-10min of ventilation;

furthermore, in the III, IV and V stages, the temperature of the growing room is 10-12 ℃.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the nitrogen content of the culture material used by the invention is more in line with the biological characteristics of dictyophora rubrovolvata, and the mouth feel of the produced dictyophora rubrovolvata is closer to that of wild mushrooms;

2. the wood chip decomposition process designed by the invention can convert the hardgrog which cannot be used in factory production originally into nutrient substances which can be quickly utilized by hyphae, and meanwhile, the addition of the decomposed hardgrog is beneficial to reducing the cost and improving the biological conversion rate;

3. the plastic bottle used by the invention can resist high temperature, can realize mechanical full-automatic operation, can fill bottles in quantity of 2000 bottles per hour for each machine, and only needs 2 persons to watch, thereby improving the production efficiency and reducing the labor cost;

4. the invention adopts the high-pressure sterilization method for sterilization, shortens the sterilization time and reduces the energy consumption;

5. the culture material and the container used by the invention can improve the growth speed of dictyophora rubrovolvata hyphae and reduce the pollution rate, generally, the hyphae can grow full in 60-85 days, and the batch pollution rate is about 3% -7%.

In summary, the invention can realize the industrial cultivation of dictyophora rubrovolvata through a system measure, reduce the sterilization time by more than 40 hours by using a high-pressure resistant plastic bottle, provide the efficiency by more than 4 times by using a full-automatic bottling machine in a matching way, improve the biological conversion rate of later fruiting management by more than 10 percent by matching a specific culture material with a low-temperature fruiting process, greatly improve the quality of fresh mushrooms and produce edible fungus products conforming to the current consumption concept

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further limited by the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.