阅读说明：本技术 一种电动车的驱动系统及其制作方法 (Driving system of electric vehicle and manufacturing method thereof ) 是由 沈四海 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电动车的驱动系统,包括车架、驱动电机、减速箱、制动器、制动鼓和驱动轮毂,减速箱、制动器分别安装在驱动电机的上下两端,驱动电机的双作用输出轴两端分别安装在减速箱、制动鼓上,驱动轮毂设置有两个且分别安装在减速箱两侧；减速箱内设置有减速器组件、差速器组件,驱动轮毂包括半轴轮毂合件、轮毂支座,两个驱动轮毂的半轴轮毂合件均安装在差速器组件上,驱动电机、轮毂支座均通过螺栓固定在车架上。本发明还提出上述的一种电动车的驱动系统的制作方法。本发明设计巧妙,结构紧凑,噪音小,密封可靠,性价比高,具有较强的实用性。(The invention discloses a driving system of an electric vehicle, which comprises a vehicle frame, a driving motor, a reduction gearbox, a brake drum and driving hubs, wherein the reduction gearbox and the brake are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor; a speed reducer assembly and a differential mechanism assembly are arranged in the reduction gearbox, the driving hubs comprise half-shaft hub assemblies and hub supports, the half-shaft hub assemblies of the two driving hubs are mounted on the differential mechanism assembly, and the driving motor and the hub supports are fixed on the frame through bolts. The invention further provides a manufacturing method of the driving system of the electric vehicle. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, compact structure, low noise, reliable sealing, high cost performance and strong practicability.)

1. The driving system of the electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a vehicle frame, a driving motor (1), a reduction gearbox (2), a brake (3), a brake drum (4) and a driving wheel hub (5), wherein the driving motor (1) is provided with a double-acting output shaft (11), the reduction gearbox (2) and the brake (3) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor (1), two ends of the double-acting output shaft (11) of the driving motor (1) are respectively installed on the reduction gearbox (2) and the brake drum (4), and the two driving wheel hubs (5) are respectively installed at two sides of the reduction gearbox (2); the brake (3) is a leading shoe type drum brake, and the brake (3) is matched with the brake drum (4) to stop the rotation of the tail end of the shaft of the driving motor (1), so that the requirements of service braking and parking braking can be met; the speed reducer is characterized in that a speed reducer assembly (23) and a differential assembly (24) are arranged in the reduction gearbox (2), the driving hubs (5) comprise half-shaft hub assemblies (51) and hub supports (52), the half-shaft hub assemblies (51) of the two driving hubs (5) are arranged on the differential assembly (24), and the driving motor (1) and the hub supports (52) are fixed on a frame through bolts.

2. The driving system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reduction gearbox (2) comprises a gear box body (21), a reduction box body (22) and a reduction gearbox rear end cover (25), the reduction box body (22) and the reduction gearbox rear end cover (25) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the gear box body (21), and the reducer assembly (23) and the differential assembly (24) are respectively arranged in the reduction box body (22) and the gear box body (21); the speed reducer assembly (23) comprises a speed reducer shaft lever (231), a large helical gear (232), a small helical gear (233), a small helical gear (234), a speed reducing shell (235) and a connecting hub (236), the speed reduction shell (235) is fixed on the gear box body (21) through a connecting hub (236) and bolts, the reducer shaft (231) is arranged in the reducer housing (235) through a tapered roller bearing (237), the big helical gear (232) and the small helical gear (233) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reducer shaft lever (231), the bevel pinion (234) is arranged on a double-acting output shaft (11) of the driving motor (1), the large bevel gear (232) and the small bevel gear (234) are meshed with each other, and the large bevel gear (232) is fixed on a speed reducer shaft lever (231) through a round nut (238), a flat washer (239) and a stop washer (230) for the round nut; the differential assembly (24) comprises a differential case (241), a large spiral gear (242), a side gear (243), a differential gear (244) and a differential gear shaft (245), the large helical gear (242) is fixed outside the differential case (241) through a gear bolt (247), the side gear (243), the differential gear (244), and the differential gear shaft (245) are disposed in the differential case (241), the big helical gear (242) and the small helical gear (233) are meshed with each other, the differential gear shaft (245) is fixed in the differential case (241) through an elastic cylindrical pin (246), the differential gear (244) is provided with two and symmetrically arranged on a differential gear shaft (245), the side gears (243) are provided with two and are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two half shaft hub combination pieces (51), the two half-shaft gears (243) are mutually meshed with the two differential gears (244).

3. The drive system of an electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein an axial adjusting shim (26) is provided between the connecting hub (236) and the gear housing (21), and an axial clearance of the engagement between the large helical gear (242) and the small helical gear (233) is controlled by the axial adjusting shim (26); annular radial clearance spacers (27) are arranged on the outer walls of the two half axle wheel hub assemblies (51) outside the differential case (241), and the radial clearance of the meshing between the large helical gear (242) and the small helical gear (233) is controlled by the annular radial clearance spacers (27); differential adjusting gaskets (28) are arranged on the rear side of the side gear (243) and the outer side of the differential gear (244), and the meshing gap between the side gear (243) and the two differential gears (244) is controlled by the differential adjusting gaskets (28); the reduction box body (22) and the driving motor (1), the reduction box body (22) and the gear box body (21), and the reduction box body (22) and the reduction box rear end cover (25) are sealed through sealing pieces (29).

4. The drive system of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the brake (3) is fixed to the drive motor (1) by a connecting plate (31), and the brake drum (4) is provided with a silencer (41).

5. The driving system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving hub (5) further comprises a deep groove ball bearing (53), a hub bolt (54), a hub nut (55), an oil seal (56) and an O-ring seal (57), the half-axle hub assembly (51) is mounted on the axle center of the hub support (52) through the deep groove ball bearing (53) and the oil seal (56), the half-axle hub assembly (51) is matched with the half-axle gear (243) through a spline gear, the O-ring seal (57) is arranged on the hub support (52), and the hub bolt (54) and the hub nut (55) are provided with a plurality of parts and mounted on the half-axle hub assembly (51).

6. The driving system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving motor (1) is a motor with a speed measurement feedback and heat-sensitive protection device, the AC or DC motor with different power and voltage is adapted according to the vehicle type, the variable frequency speed regulation of the driving motor (1) has high-precision speed measurement feedback and overload protection, and the speed measurement feedback encoder is external.

7. Method for making a drive system for electric vehicles according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: s1, optimizing by SolidWorks/CAD/CAE computer aided design; s2, carrying out numerical control machining on box type key parts; s3, a reduction gearbox assembling technology; s4, an online image intelligent detection technology; s5, performance detection test technology.

8. The manufacturing method of the driving system of the electric vehicle according to claim 7, wherein in the step of numerical control machining of the box-like key parts of S2, the flatness of the machined surface is not more than 0.025mm, and the coaxiality of the holes for mounting and connecting in each shaft in the reducer assembly (23) is not more than 0.02 mm.

9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step of S5, the performance testing criteria are as follows: the driving system runs uniformly without noise and obvious vibration, and no oil leakage or oil leakage exists at each position; the vibration acceleration of each part of the driving system should not be more than 2m/s²(ii) a The sound level meter is aligned to the measured surface according to a zero incidence angle, and the measured noise is less than or equal to 70dB (A) when the distance from the measured point is 1 m.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy electric vehicles, in particular to a driving system of an electric vehicle and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Due to the concern on energy crisis and environmental protection, various large host manufacturers are developing various new energy vehicles and have made progress and breakthrough to a certain extent.

The electric vehicle is an environment-friendly vehicle which can achieve zero emission at present, and has the advantages of low noise, no pollution, simple and convenient operation, novel shape, small volume, portability, flexibility, comfortable and safe operation, stable and reliable performance, convenient maintenance and the like. Due to the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, the electric vehicle has entered into a high development trend. Electric automobiles are listed as ten new industrial plans which are mainly supported by China in China, and the electric automobile.

Domestic middle and low end electric tractors and haulage vehicles generally adopt a drive axle and gearbox structure. The left wheel assembly and the right wheel assembly of the drive axle are respectively composed of a hub, a brake drum, a brake and the like, the gearbox adopts a bevel gear pair with arc teeth and a cylindrical gear pair with helical teeth for transmission, the structure is large, the leakage is easy, the noise is high, the noise index is generally 73-78dB (A), and the requirements of electric vehicles are not met. Meanwhile, high-end electric tractors and electric carrying vehicles in the industry generally adopt 2 sets of imported motor driving units to respectively drive left and right wheels so as to control the advancing, reversing, turning and the like of the vehicles, but the price is high, and once a fault occurs, the maintenance is difficult in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: a driving system of an electric vehicle is provided to solve the above drawbacks.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a driving system of an electric vehicle comprises a frame, a driving motor, a reduction gearbox, a brake drum and driving hubs, wherein the driving motor is provided with a double-acting output shaft; the brake is a leading shoe type drum brake, and the brake is matched with the brake drum to stop the rotation of the tail end of the shaft of the driving motor, so that the requirements of service braking and parking braking can be met; the speed reducer is characterized in that a speed reducer assembly and a differential assembly are arranged in the speed reducer box, the driving hubs comprise half-shaft hub assemblies and hub supports, the half-shaft hub assemblies of the two driving hubs are mounted on the differential assembly, and the driving motor and the hub supports are fixed on the frame through bolts.

Preferably, the reduction gearbox comprises a gearbox body, a reduction gearbox body and a reduction gearbox rear end cover, the reduction gearbox body and the reduction gearbox rear end cover are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the gearbox body, and the reduction gear assembly and the differential assembly are respectively arranged in the reduction gearbox body and the gearbox body; the speed reducer assembly comprises a speed reducer shaft rod, a large helical gear, a small helical gear, a speed reducer shell and a connecting hub, wherein the speed reducer shell is fixed on a gear box body through the connecting hub and a bolt; the differential assembly comprises a differential shell, a large spiral gear, a half axle gear, a differential gear and a differential gear shaft, wherein the large spiral gear is fixed outside the differential shell through gear bolts, the half axle gear, the differential gear and the differential gear shaft are arranged in the differential shell, the large spiral gear and the small spiral gear are mutually meshed, the differential gear shaft is fixed in the differential shell through an elastic cylindrical pin, the differential gear is provided with two parts which are symmetrically arranged on the differential gear shaft, the half axle gear is provided with two parts which are respectively arranged at the tail ends of two half axle hub assemblies, and the two half axle gears are mutually meshed with the two differential gears.

Preferably, an axial adjusting gasket is arranged between the connecting hub and the gear box body, and an axial gap between the large helical gear and the small helical gear in meshing is controlled by the axial adjusting gasket; annular radial clearance spacers are arranged on the outer walls of the two half axle hub assemblies outside the differential shell, and the radial clearance of the meshing between the large helical gear and the small helical gear is controlled by the annular radial clearance spacers; differential adjusting gaskets are arranged on the rear side of the half axle gear and the outer side of the differential gear, and the meshing gap between the half axle gear and the two differential gears is controlled by the differential adjusting gaskets; and the reduction box body and the driving motor, the reduction box body and the gear box body, and the reduction box body and the rear end cover of the reduction box are sealed by sealing elements.

Preferably, the brake is fixed on the driving motor through a connecting disc, and a silencer is arranged on the brake drum.

Preferably, drive wheel hub still includes deep groove ball bearing, wheel hub bolt, wheel hub nut, oil blanket, O type sealing washer, semi-axis wheel hub closes the piece and installs on the axle center of wheel hub support through deep groove ball bearing, oil blanket, semi-axis wheel hub closes the piece and passes through spline gear and semi-axis gear cooperation, O type sealing washer sets up on the wheel hub support, wheel hub bolt and wheel hub nut are provided with a plurality of and install on semi-axis wheel hub closes the piece.

Preferably, the driving motor is a motor with a speed measurement feedback and thermosensitive protection device, the AC or DC motor with different power and voltage is adapted according to the vehicle type, the variable frequency speed regulation of the driving motor has high-precision speed measurement feedback and overload protection, and the speed measurement feedback encoder is external.

Preferably, a method for manufacturing a driving system of an electric vehicle includes the steps of: s1, optimizing by SolidWorks/CAD/CAE computer aided design; s2, carrying out numerical control machining on box type key parts; s3, a reduction gearbox assembling technology; s4, an online image intelligent detection technology; s5, performance detection test technology.

Preferably, in the step of numerical control machining of key parts such as the S2 box, the flatness of a machined surface is not more than 0.025mm, and the coaxiality of holes for mounting and connecting in each shaft in the reducer assembly 23 is not more than 0.02 mm.

Preferably, in the step of S5 performance testing, the performance testing criteria are: the driving system runs uniformly without noise and obvious vibration, and no oil leakage or oil leakage exists at each position; the vibration acceleration of each part of the driving system should not be more than 2m/s²(ii) a The sound level meter is aligned to the measured surface according to a zero incidence angle, and the measured noise is less than or equal to 70dB (A) when the distance from the measured point is 1 m.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the device realizes the multi-stage speed reduction of the driving system of the electric vehicle by arranging the speed reducer component and the differential mechanism component in the reduction box and utilizing the multi-stage speed reducing device which is meshed between the large helical gear and the small helical gear and between the large helical gear and the small helical gear; the differential control between the single motor and the double hubs is realized by utilizing the mutual meshing between the two half shaft gears and the two differential gears, and the system has good stabilizing effect; an axial adjusting gasket is arranged between the connecting hub and the gear box body, so that the control of the axial clearance of the meshing between the large spiral gear and the small spiral gear is realized; an annular radial clearance spacer bush is arranged on the outer side of the differential shell to realize the radial clearance control of the meshing between the large helical gear and the small helical gear; differential adjusting gaskets are arranged on the rear side of the half axle gear and the outer side of the differential gear, so that the meshing clearance between the half axle gear and the two differential gears is controlled; the speed reduction box body and the driving motor, the speed reduction box body and the gear box body, and the speed reduction box body and the rear end cover of the speed reduction box body are sealed through sealing pieces, so that the sealing effect is good, and the noise is low. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, compact structure, low noise, reliable sealing, high cost performance and strong practicability, can effectively solve the technical problems existing in the background, is widely applied to vehicles such as fixed platform carriers and tractors taking storage batteries as power, is an ideal vehicle in systems such as storage, logistics, national defense, railways, postal service, manufacturing industry, medicine, tobacco, tourism and the like, and has huge market potential.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention has a schematic structure;

FIG. 2: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a driving motor, a brake and a brake drum;

FIG. 3: the invention is a schematic structural diagram of a reduction gearbox;

FIG. 4: the invention discloses a structure schematic diagram of a speed reducer assembly;

FIG. 5: the differential assembly of the invention has a schematic structure;

FIG. 6: the invention discloses a driving hub structure schematic diagram.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 6:

as shown in fig. 1-6, a driving system of an electric vehicle comprises a vehicle frame, a driving motor 1, a reduction gearbox 2, a brake 3, a brake drum 4 and a driving wheel hub 5, wherein the driving motor 1 is provided with a double-acting output shaft 11, the reduction gearbox 2 and the brake 3 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor 1, two ends of the double-acting output shaft 11 of the driving motor 1 are respectively installed on the reduction gearbox 2 and the brake drum 4, and two driving wheel hubs 5 are respectively installed at two sides of the reduction gearbox 2; the brake 3 is a leading shoe type drum brake, and the brake 3 is matched with the brake drum 4 to stop the rotation of the tail end of the shaft of the driving motor 1, so that the requirements of service braking and parking braking can be met; the driving motor 1 is a motor with a speed measurement feedback and thermosensitive protection device, AC or DC motors with different powers and voltages are adapted according to vehicle types, the variable-frequency speed regulation of the driving motor 1 has high-precision speed measurement feedback and overload protection, and a speed measurement feedback encoder is external.

The reduction gearbox 2 is internally provided with a speed reducer assembly 23 and a differential assembly 24, the reduction gearbox 2 comprises a gearbox body 21, a reduction gearbox body 22 and a reduction gearbox rear end cover 25, the reduction gearbox body 22 and the reduction gearbox rear end cover 25 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the gearbox body 21, and the speed reducer assembly 23 and the differential assembly 24 are respectively arranged in the reduction gearbox body 22 and the gearbox body 21.

The reducer assembly 23 adopts a two-stage reduction structure of a helical gear pair and a hypoid bevel gear pair with a large helix angle of 27.46 degrees and a high-speed precision grinding process, wherein the reducer assembly 23 comprises a reducer shaft 231, a large helical gear 232, a small helical gear 233, a small helical gear 234, a reduction shell 235 and a connecting hub 236, the reduction shell 235 is fixed on the gear box body 21 through the connecting hub 236 and bolts, the reducer shaft 231 is arranged in the reduction shell 235 through a tapered roller bearing 237, the large helical gear 232 and the small helical gear 233 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reducer shaft 231, the small helical gear 234 is arranged on a double-acting output shaft 11 of the driving motor 1, the large helical gear 232 and the small helical gear 234 are mutually engaged, and the large helical gear 232 is fixed on the reducer shaft 231 through a round nut 238, a flat washer 239 and a stop washer 230 for.

The differential assembly 24 includes a differential case 241, a large spiral gear 242, a side gear 243, a differential gear 244, and a differential gear shaft 245, the large spiral gear 242 is fixed outside the differential case 241 by a gear bolt 247, the side gear 243, the differential gear 244, and the differential gear shaft 245 are disposed in the differential case 241, the large spiral gear 242 and the small spiral gear 233 are engaged with each other, the differential gear shaft 245 is fixed in the differential case 241 by an elastic cylindrical pin 246, the differential gear 244 is disposed two and symmetrically on the differential gear shaft 245, the side gears 243 are disposed two and respectively mounted on the ends of the two half axle hub assemblies 51, and the two half shaft gears 243 are engaged with the two differential gears 244.

The gear box body 21, the reduction box body 22, the reduction shell 235, the differential shell 241 and the reduction box rear end cover 25 are all processed by CNC numerical control, and the planeness of the processed surface is not more than 0.025 mm; the coaxiality of holes for mounting and connecting in each shaft in the speed reducer is not more than 0.02 mm.

An axial adjusting gasket 26 is arranged between the connecting hub 236 and the gear box body 21, and the axial clearance of the meshing between the large helical gear 242 and the small helical gear 233 is controlled by the axial adjusting gasket 26; annular radial clearance spacers 27 are arranged on the outer walls of the two half axle wheel hub assemblies 51 outside the differential case 241, and the radial clearance of the meshing between the large helical gear 242 and the small helical gear 233 is controlled by the annular radial clearance spacers 27; differential adjusting shims 28 are arranged on the rear side of the side gear 243 and on the outer side of the differential gear 244, and the meshing gap between the side gear 243 and the two differential gears 244 is controlled by the differential adjusting shims 28; the speed reducing box body 22 and the driving motor 1, the speed reducing box body 22 and the gear box body 21, and the speed reducing box body 22 and the rear end cover 25 of the speed reducing box are sealed through sealing elements 29.

The brake 3 is fixed on the driving motor 1 through a connecting disc 31, and the brake drum 4 is provided with a silencer 41.

The driving hub 5 comprises half-shaft hub assemblies 51, hub supports 52, deep groove ball bearings 53, hub bolts 54, hub nuts 55, oil seals 56 and O-shaped sealing rings 57, the half-shaft hub assemblies 51 of the two driving hubs 5 are mounted on the differential assembly 24, and the driving motor 1 and the hub supports 52 are fixed on a frame through bolts. The half axle hub combination piece 51 is arranged on the axle center of the hub support 52 through a deep groove ball bearing 53 and an oil seal 56, the half axle hub combination piece 51 is matched with the half axle gear 243 through a spline gear, an O-shaped sealing ring 57 is arranged on the hub support 52, and a plurality of hub bolts 54 and hub nuts 55 are arranged on the half axle hub combination piece 51.

A manufacturing method of a driving system of an electric vehicle comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of SolidWorks/CAD/CAE computer aided design optimization → box type key part numerical control machining → reduction box assembly technology → on-line image intelligent detection technology → performance detection test technology.

A manufacturing method of a driving system of an electric vehicle comprises the following technical steps of performance detection test, wherein the performance detection standard is as follows: the driving system runs uniformly without noise and obvious vibration, and no oil leakage or oil leakage exists at each position; the vibration acceleration of each part of the driving system should not be more than 2m/s²(ii) a The sound level meter is aligned to the measured surface according to a zero incidence angle, and the measured noise is less than or equal to 70dB (A) when the distance from the measured point is 1 m.

The device realizes the multi-stage speed reduction of the driving system of the electric vehicle by arranging the speed reducer assembly 23 and the differential assembly 24 in the reduction box 2 and utilizing the multi-stage speed reducing devices which are meshed with each other between the large helical gear 232 and the small helical gear 234 and between the large helical gear 242 and the small helical gear 233; the differential control between the single motor 1 and the dual-drive hub 5 is realized by utilizing the mutual engagement between the two half-shaft gears 243 and the two differential gears 244, and the system has good stabilizing effect; an axial adjusting gasket 26 is arranged between the connecting hub 236 and the gear box body 21, so that the control of the axial clearance 26 meshed between the large helical gear 242 and the small helical gear 233 is realized; annular radial clearance spacers 27 are arranged on the outer walls of the two half shafts 51 outside the differential case 241, so that the control of the radial clearance 27 meshed between the large helical gear 242 and the small helical gear 233 is realized; differential adjusting shims 28 are arranged on the rear side of the side gear 243 and on the outer side of the differential gear 244, so that the meshing clearance between the side gear 243 and the two differential gears 244 is controlled; the sealing elements 29 are used for sealing between the reduction box body 22 and the driving motor 1, between the reduction box body 22 and the gear box body 21, and between the reduction box body 22 and the reduction box rear end cover 25, so that the sealing effect is good, and the noise is low. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, compact structure, low noise, reliable sealing and stronger practicability, can effectively solve the technical problems existing in the background, is widely applied to vehicles such as fixed platform carriers and tractors taking storage batteries as power, is an ideal vehicle in systems such as storage, logistics, national defense, railways, postal service, manufacturing industry, medicine, tobacco, tourism and the like, and has huge market potential.

The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt such insubstantial modifications of the inventive concept and solution, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without such modifications.