阅读说明：本技术 多刀高效同步动平衡车削加工机床及加工方法 (Multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe and processing method ) 是由 冀世军 孙仍权 赵继 贺秋伟 代汉达 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种多刀高效同步动平衡车削加工机床及加工方法,属于机械制造技术领域。尾座固定于床身尾部,电主轴系统通过螺钉一固定于床身头部,导轨固定于床身中部两侧,数控标尺光栅固定于床身中部一侧,工作台驱动模组固定于床身中部中央,工作台模组固定于工作台驱动模组上。本发明优点是三把车刀各间隔120°安装固定,三把车刀同时加工时车刀对待加工工件的作用力相互抵消,可实现自支撑和动平衡,使待加工工件受力变形减小,使得加工精度变高,且降低了工作量,节省了时间,提高了效率,使机床具有较高的通用性。(The present invention relates to a kind of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe and processing methods, belong to machinery manufacturing technology field.Tailstock is fixed on lathe bed tail portion, electric chief axis system is fixed on lathe bed head by screw one, and guide rail is fixed on lathe bed on both sides of the middle, and numerical control scale grating is fixed on side in the middle part of lathe bed, workbench driving mould group is fixed on center in the middle part of lathe bed, and workbench mould group is fixed in workbench driving mould group.The invention has the advantages that three are respectively spaced lathe tool 120 ° of installations fixations, lathe tool cancels out each other to the active force of workpiece to be processed when three lathe tool simultaneous processings, self-supporting and dynamic balancing can be achieved, reduce workpiece to be processed stress deformation, so that machining accuracy is got higher, and reduces workload, the time is saved, efficiency is improved, lathe versatility with higher is made.)

1. a kind of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe, it is characterised in that: including lathe bed, guide rail, numerical control scale light Grid, tailstock, electric chief axis system, screw one, workbench driving mould group and workbench mould group；The tailstock is fixed on lathe bed tail portion, Electric chief axis system is fixed on lathe bed head by screw one, and guide rail is fixed on lathe bed on both sides of the middle, and numerical control scale grating is fixed on Side in the middle part of lathe bed, workbench driving mould group are fixed on center in the middle part of lathe bed, and workbench mould group is fixed on workbench driving mould group On.

2. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the guide rail packet Rolling guide, sliding block, screw three and screw four are included, the rolling guide is fixed on lathe bed by screw four, sliding block and rolling Guide rail is slidably connected；So that sliding block can slide back and forth on rolling guide, and using air-float guide rail.

3. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the workbench Driving mould group includes silent end cap, open end cap, bearing block one, bearing block two, workbench screw rod, workbench connector, work Platform feed screw nut, bolt three, shaft coupling, flange and servo motor one, the bearing block one, bearing block two and flange are fixed on bed With, silent end cap is fixed on the left side of bearing block one, and open end cap is fixed on two right side of bearing block, workbench screw both end with Bearing block one and the rotation connection of the corresponding hole of bearing block two, so that workbench screw rod can work around own axis Platform feed screw nut is mounted on workbench screw rod by screw pair, and workbench connector is fixed on workbench feed screw nut, is watched Motor one is taken to be fixed on flange, shaft coupling is fixedly connected with one left end of workbench screw rod right end and servo motor, so that The rotation for passing through workbench screw rod under the drive of servo motor one allows the accurate axial feed of workbench feed screw nut, work Making platform connector can move left and right.

4. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electro spindle System includes screw two, electro spindle pedestal, electric mainshaft bearing end cap one, electric mainshaft bearing end cap two, spindle drum, electro spindle, spiral shell Bolt two and scroll chuck, the electro spindle pedestal are fixed on lathe bed by screw one, electric mainshaft bearing end cap one and electro spindle Bearing (ball) cover two is fixed on spindle drum both ends, and scroll chuck is fixed on electro spindle end by bolt two, and spindle drum passes through screw Two are fixed on electro spindle pedestal, and electro spindle and spindle drum are rotatablely connected, to realize that electro spindle drives quilt by scroll chuck Workpieces processing is rotated and will not generate apparent trembling.

5. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the workbench Mould group include the support of table, knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two, knife rest feeding module three, gear driving mould group, Bolt one, shaft-diameter measuring instrument and grating reading head, three identical knife rest feeding modules one, the knife rest feeding modules two It is in 120 ° with knife rest feeding module three to be fixed on the support of table, and knife rest feeding module one and knife rest feeding module three Symmetrically, knife rest feeding module two is located at middle；The gear driving mould group is fixed on support of table intermediate rear face, work Make platform bracket and workbench driving mould group, and guide supporting support of table two sides are fixed on by bolt one, to realize work Platform mould group can carry out axial feed motion under the drive that workbench drives mould group；The shaft-diameter measuring instrument is fixed on workbench On bracket, grating reading head is fixed on support of table bottom side.

6. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the workbench Bracket includes table base, bolt 12, bolt 13, preceding body support frame, support cap, rear body support frame, canine tooth wheel sleeve, bolt Nine, bolt ten and bolt 11, the table base are fixed on the workbench connection that workbench drives mould group by screw one On part, to realize that workbench mould group axial feed, preceding body support frame can pass through bolt under the drive that workbench drives mould group 13 and bolt 12 be fixed on table base, for convenience of knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest into To the installation of module three, knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module three are first installed to precursor branch On frame, before being then fixed on support cap by bolt ten on body support frame, to realize knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding mould The fixation of block two and knife rest feeding module three.Before body support frame is fixed on by bolt nine afterwards on body support frame, and preceding body support frame is with after It is parallel to each other before and after body support frame, canine tooth wheel sleeve is fixed on rear body support frame by bolt 11, to realize that bevel gear wheel exists Rotation connection on body support frame afterwards so that bevel gear wheel can be rotated around own central axis line, and realizes that gear driving mould group drives Knife rest feed system carries out radial feed movement.

7. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the gear drives Dynamic model group includes bevel pinion, bevel gear wheel, servo motor two, small Spur gear, support base and screw 11, the bevel pinion It is engaged with bevel gear wheel, the rotation connection of the rear body support frame of bevel gear wheel and the support of table, servo motor is fixed on support base, small Spur gear is fixedly connected with servo motor, and support plate is fixedly connected by screw 11 with the table base of the support of table, To realize that making bevel gear wheel carry out band movable knife rack feed system around own axis under the driving of servo motor two carries out Axial feed motion.

8. multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the knife rest into It include feed mechanism, switching mechanism and knife rest, the fixed company of the preceding body support frame of the feed mechanism and the support of table to module one It connects, switching mechanism includes that bolt four, cylinder and switching connector one, cylinder pass through the rear body support frame of bolt four and the support of table It is fixedly connected, switching connector one is fixed on cylinder, to realize that switching connector one does diameter in the case where the stretching of cylinder is shunk It is radially moved to movement, and with movable knife rack feeding module three, carries out in running order and off position switching；

The knife rest includes lathe tool pedestal, lathe tool, lathe tool seat, screw nine, screw five, motor, motor installation sheet, screw six, spiral shell The mobile screw rod of nail seven, knife rest connector, screw eight, fixed block, lathe tool, bolt five, the mobile feed screw nut of lathe tool, taper pin one, cone Pin two and sleeve are stated lathe tool pedestal and are fixedly connected by screw seven with knife rest connector, and knife rest connector is fixed on feed mechanism, To which radial feed movement may be implemented in the drive lower slide in feed mechanism, lathe tool is fixed on lathe tool seat, vehicle by screw nine Tool apron is slidably connected with lathe tool pedestal, and lathe tool seat is fixed on the mobile feed screw nut of lathe tool by bolt five, and motor passes through screw Five are fixed on motor installation sheet, and motor installation sheet is fixed on lathe tool pedestal by screw six, and fixed block is fixed by screw eight In lathe tool pedestal, the mobile screw rod left end of lathe tool is flexibly connected with fixed block corresponding aperture, and right end and sleeve connect by the way that taper pin one is fixed It connecing, sleeve is fixedly connected on the mobile screw rod right end of lathe tool by taper pin one, and sleeve is fixedly connected on motor left end by taper pin two, To realize that motor drives the mobile screw rod rotation of lathe tool, the mobile screw rod of lathe tool is further driven to vehicle by the mobile feed screw nut of lathe tool Knife is moved left and right along lathe tool chute of base；

The feed mechanism includes bevel pinion fixture nut, gasket one, switching connector one, switching connector two, opening shaft Socket end lid, bolt six, gasket two, silent bearing (ball) cover, bolt eight, gasket three, bearing, bolt seven, feed screw nut, feeding Screw rod, screw ten and contracting brake, the bevel pinion fixture nut are fixed on feed screw left end, and bevel pinion passes through small Bevel gear fixture nut and gasket are fixed on feed screw nut left end, to realize by driving bevel pinion rotation come into one Step drives feed screw rotation；Switching connector one be fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw, and with switch connector Two are flexibly connected, to realize that switching connector one is moved radially by the flexible drive feed mechanism of cylinder, switching connects Fitting two is fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw, guarantees holding out against for bevel pinion right end, and opening bearing (ball) cover passes through Bolt six and gasket two are fixedly connected with the preceding body support frame of the support of table, and the bearing is flexibly connected with feed screw, described Silent bearing (ball) cover is fixedly connected by bolt eight and gasket three with the preceding body support frame of the support of table, and feed screw nut passes through Bolt seven is fixedly connected with knife rest connector, and feed screw nut is connect with feed screw by screw pair, the feeding silk The precursor holder pivots of bar and support of table connection, to realize feed screw rotation not by the preceding body support frame of the support of table Influence, and can axially move left and right, be further driven to along feed screw in the drive lower feeding feed screw nut of feed screw Feed mechanism realization moves radially；The contracting brake is fixedly connected by screw ten with the preceding body support frame of the support of table, To realize that feed mechanism moves radially the accuracy of stop.

9. using the processing method of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe as described in claim 1, feature exists In, including the following steps:

(1) lathe is opened, determines the processing method of lathe, it is relevant using fine measuring instrument measurement blank after clamping blank Size to be processed, determines machining allowance, starts to process workpiece to be processed, and finishing cycles, wants until meeting precision It asks；

(2) when selecting hilted broadsword processing method, there are three types of hilted broadsword processing methods, can be wanted according to parts profile and machining accuracy It asks, most suitable that is opened in three lathe tools, lathe tool is realized the processing to workpiece to be processed, and in roughing and finishing Working hour, which can according to need, selects different lathe tools to process；

(3) when selecting multi-cutter process mode, there are four types of multi-cutter process modes, equally can be according to parts profile and machining accuracy It is required that the processing of three knives of selection or the processing of two knives, and the processing of two knives is selected there are three types of different modes, in addition, in coarse-fine processing When can only be processed with three knives or two knives, three knives or two knife rapid processings can also be selected in roughing, again when finishing It can be processed using hilted broadsword, the processing request of high-efficiency high-precision is reached with this.

10. the processing method of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe according to claim 9, feature exist In: when carrying out work pieces process, under default situations, cylinder is in stretching state, i.e. bevel pinion is engaged with bevel gear wheel, machine Bed is in the working method of three knife simultaneous processings, to be added processing since three lathe tools are installed for 120 ° according to interval Three can cancel out each other active force of the lathe tool to workpiece to be processed when work workpiece, thus reduce the stress deformation of workpiece to be processed, Improve machining accuracy；Again since servo motor two drives small Spur gear to drive bevel gear wheel, then it is further same by bevel gear wheel When drive bevel pinion rotation, allow three lathe tool is synchronized and do radial feed movement, realize to workpiece to be processed carry out together Walk machining.

When unlatching lathe is processed, starting motor is first had to by lathe tool and is adjusted to suitable position, restarts servo motor one Working, it is to be processed that workbench mould group is moved to specific machining area etc.；Starting electro spindle is made workpiece to be processed and is turned with what is set Speed is rotated, and starting servo motor two goes back lathe tool in the operating condition while the axis of workpiece to be processed moves upwards It can move radially；Since then, which may be implemented knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module Three move along the synchronous linear operating of workpiece to be processed axial direction and along the straight-line feed of workpiece to be processed radial direction, additional work to be processed The rotary motion of part itself, to can realize that complex-curved high efficiency and high-precision are processed；

Further, since the knife rest feeding module one of knife rest feed system, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module are third is that phase It is mutually independent, the working condition of lathe tool can be switched over by the flexible of cylinder, when cylinder stretches out, lathe tool is in work Make state, when cylinder is shunk, lathe tool is in off position, therefore according to locating for the quantity for the lathe tool for participating in processing and lathe tool Position can have 7 kinds of processing methods, wherein hilted broadsword processing method is the processing method of traditional lathe, so that turnery processing is more Have flexibility, improves the versatility and practicability of lathe.

Technical field

The invention belongs to machinery manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing machine Bed.

Background technique

In traditional turnery processing, processing efficiency is low, and the processing of elongated shaft is always a problem, to guarantee machining accuracy meeting Cause workload to increase, processes cumbersome.Turnery processing synchronous for multitool, it is external mainly for the multicutter service life, processing cost, The research of workpiece to be machined quality and cutting force etc., domestic mainly multiple cut is applied are processed in the processing of elongated shaft, oil pipe And drilling.Currently, be mainly used for processing polished rod to the processing of elongated shaft using the synchronous turning of multitool, lack flexibility and general Property, cutter synchronism processing trouble, processing is comparatively laborious, and dynamic balance performance is not high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe and processing method, to solve existing tradition Processing efficiency caused by defect of the turnery processing on processing mechanism is insufficient, machining accuracy is inadequate, and easily causes processing work The problems such as part deforms.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: including lathe bed, guide rail, numerical control scale grating, tailstock, electric chief axis system, spiral shell Nail one, workbench driving mould group and workbench mould group；The tailstock is fixed on lathe bed tail portion, and electric chief axis system is solid by screw one Due to lathe bed head, guide rail is fixed on lathe bed on both sides of the middle, and numerical control scale grating is fixed on side in the middle part of lathe bed, workbench driving Mould group is fixed on center in the middle part of lathe bed, and workbench mould group is fixed in workbench driving mould group；

The guide rail includes rolling guide, sliding block, screw three and screw four, and the rolling guide is fixed on by screw four On lathe bed, sliding block is slidably connected with rolling guide；So that sliding block can slide back and forth on rolling guide, and using gas Floating guide rail；

Workbench driving mould group include silent end cap, open end cap, bearing block one, bearing block two, workbench screw rod, Workbench connector, workbench feed screw nut, bolt three, shaft coupling, flange and servo motor one, the bearing block one, bearing Seat two and flange are fixed on lathe bed, and silent end cap is fixed on one left side of bearing block, and open end cap is fixed on two right side of bearing block On, workbench screw both end corresponding with bearing block one and bearing block two hole rotation connection, so that workbench screw rod can be with Around own axis, workbench feed screw nut is mounted on workbench screw rod by screw pair, and workbench connector is fixed on On workbench feed screw nut, servo motor one is fixed on flange, and shaft coupling is fixedly connected with workbench screw rod right end and servo electricity One left end of machine, so that the rotation under the drive of servo motor one through workbench screw rod is so that workbench feed screw nut can With accurate axial feed, workbench connector can be moved left and right；

The electric chief axis system includes screw two, electro spindle pedestal, electric mainshaft bearing end cap one, electric mainshaft bearing end cap Two, spindle drum, electro spindle, bolt two and scroll chuck, the electro spindle pedestal are fixed on lathe bed by screw one, electro spindle Bearing (ball) cover one and electric mainshaft bearing end cap two are fixed on spindle drum both ends, and scroll chuck is fixed on electro spindle end by bolt two End, spindle drum are fixed on electro spindle pedestal by screw two, and electro spindle and spindle drum are rotatablely connected, to realize that electro spindle is logical Crossing scroll chuck drives workpiece to be machined to be rotated and will not generate apparent trembling；

The workbench mould group includes the support of table, knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two, knife rest feeding mould Block three, gear driving mould group, bolt one, shaft-diameter measuring instrument and grating reading head, three identical knife rests feed mould Block one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module three are in 120 ° and are fixed on the support of table, and knife rest feeds mould Three bilateral symmetry of block one and knife rest feeding module, knife rest feeding module two are located at middle；The gear driving mould group is fixed on Support of table intermediate rear face, the support of table are fixed on workbench by bolt one and drive mould group, and guide supporting workbench Bracket two sides, to realize that workbench mould group can carry out axial feed motion under the drive that workbench drives mould group；It is described Shaft-diameter measuring instrument is fixed on the support of table, and grating reading head is fixed on support of table bottom side；

The support of table includes table base, bolt 12, bolt 13, preceding body support frame, support cap, rear body branch Frame, canine tooth wheel sleeve, bolt nine, bolt ten and bolt 11, the table base are fixed on workbench drive by screw one On the workbench connector of dynamic model group, thus realize workbench mould group can workbench drive mould group drive under axially into It gives, preceding body support frame is fixed on table base by bolt 13 and bolt 12, for convenience of knife rest feeding module one, knife rest The installation of feeding module two and knife rest feeding module three first feeds knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest Module three be installed to before on body support frame, before then support cap is fixed on by bolt ten on body support frame, thus realize knife rest into To module one, the fixation of knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module three.Body support frame is fixed on precursor branch by bolt nine afterwards On frame, and it is parallel to each other before and after preceding body support frame and rear body support frame, canine tooth wheel sleeve is fixed on rear body support frame by bolt 11, To realize rotation connection of the bevel gear wheel on rear body support frame, so that bevel gear wheel can be rotated around own central axis line, and real Existing gear driving mould group band movable knife rack feed system carries out radial feed movement；

It includes bevel pinion, bevel gear wheel, servo motor two, small Spur gear, support base and screw ten that gear, which drives mould group, One, the bevel pinion is engaged with bevel gear wheel, the rear body support frame rotation connection of bevel gear wheel and the support of table, servo motor It is fixed on support base, small Spur gear is fixedly connected with servo motor, the work that support plate passes through screw 11 and the support of table Platform pedestal is fixedly connected, and makes bevel gear wheel carry out band moving knife around own axis under the driving of servo motor two to realize Frame feed system carries out axial feed motion；

The knife rest feeding module one includes feed mechanism, switching mechanism and knife rest, the feed mechanism and workbench branch The preceding body support frame of frame is fixedly connected, and switching mechanism includes that bolt four, cylinder and switching connector one, cylinder pass through bolt four and work The rear body support frame for making platform bracket is fixedly connected, and switching connector one is fixed on cylinder, is shunk to realize in the stretching of cylinder Lower switching connector one radially moves, and radially moves with movable knife rack feeding module three, carries out in running order and not The switching of working condition；

The knife rest includes lathe tool pedestal, lathe tool, lathe tool seat, screw nine, screw five, motor, motor installation sheet, screw Six, the mobile screw rod of screw seven, knife rest connector, screw eight, fixed block, lathe tool, bolt five, lathe tool mobile feed screw nut, taper pin One, taper pin two and sleeve are stated lathe tool pedestal and are fixedly connected by screw seven with knife rest connector, and knife rest connector is fixed on feeding Mechanism, so that radial feed movement may be implemented in the drive lower slide in feed mechanism, lathe tool is fixed on lathe tool by screw nine Seat, lathe tool seat are slidably connected with lathe tool pedestal, and lathe tool seat is fixed on the mobile feed screw nut of lathe tool by bolt five, and motor passes through Screw five is fixed on motor installation sheet, and motor installation sheet is fixed on lathe tool pedestal by screw six, and fixed block passes through screw eight It is fixed on lathe tool pedestal, the mobile screw rod left end of lathe tool is flexibly connected with fixed block corresponding aperture, and right end and sleeve are solid by taper pin one Fixed connection, sleeve are fixedly connected on the mobile screw rod right end of lathe tool by taper pin one, and sleeve is fixedly connected on motor by taper pin two Left end, to realize that motor drives the mobile screw rod rotation of lathe tool, the mobile screw rod of lathe tool is further by the mobile feed screw nut of lathe tool Lathe tool is driven to move left and right along lathe tool chute of base；

The feed mechanism includes bevel pinion fixture nut, gasket one, switching connector one, switching connector two, opens Mouthful bearing (ball) cover, bolt six, gasket two, silent bearing (ball) cover, bolt eight, gasket three, bearing, bolt seven, feed screw nut, Feed screw, screw ten and contracting brake, the bevel pinion fixture nut are fixed on feed screw left end, and bevel pinion is logical Cross bevel pinion fixture nut and gasket be fixed on feed screw nut left end, thus realize by drive bevel pinion rotation come It is further driven to feed screw rotation；Switching connector one is fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw, and is connected with switching Fitting two is flexibly connected, to realize that switching connector one is moved radially by the flexible drive feed mechanism of cylinder, is cut It changes connector two and is fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw, guarantee holding out against for bevel pinion right end, be open bearing (ball) cover It being fixedly connected by bolt six and gasket two with the preceding body support frame of the support of table, the bearing is flexibly connected with feed screw, The silent bearing (ball) cover is fixedly connected by bolt eight and gasket three with the preceding body support frame of the support of table, feed screw nut Be fixedly connected by bolt seven with knife rest connector, and feed screw nut is connect with feed screw by screw pair, it is described into It is connected to the precursor holder pivots of screw rod and the support of table, to realize feed screw rotation not by the precursor of the support of table The influence of bracket, and can axially be moved left and right along feed screw in the drive lower feeding feed screw nut of feed screw, further Feed mechanism realization is driven to move radially；The contracting brake connects by the way that the preceding body support frame of screw ten and the support of table is fixed It connects, to realize that feed mechanism moves radially the accuracy of stop.

A kind of processing method of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe, including the following steps:

(1) lathe is opened, determines the processing method of lathe, after clamping blank, fine measuring instrument is used to measure blank phase The size to be processed closed, determines machining allowance, starts to process workpiece to be processed, and finishing cycles, until meeting essence Degree requires；

(2) when selecting hilted broadsword processing method, there are three types of hilted broadsword processing methods, can be according to parts profile and machining accuracy It is required that opening most suitable that in three lathe tools realizes the processing to workpiece to be processed lathe tool, and in roughing and essence It can according to need when processing and different lathe tools selected to process；

(3) when selecting multi-cutter process mode, there are four types of multi-cutter process modes, equally can be according to parts profile and processing Required precision selects the processing of three knives or the processing of two knives, and the processing of two knives is selected there are three types of different modes, in addition, coarse-fine It can only be processed with three knives or two knives when processing, three knives or two knife rapid processings can also be selected in roughing, are being finished When again can using hilted broadsword process, the processing request of high-efficiency high-precision is reached with this.

When carrying out work pieces process, under default situations, cylinder is in stretching state, i.e. bevel pinion is nibbled with bevel gear wheel It closes, lathe is in the working method of three knife simultaneous processings, since three lathe tools are installed for 120 ° according to interval, is processing Three can cancel out each other active force of the lathe tool to workpiece to be processed when workpiece to be processed, so that the stress for reducing workpiece to be processed becomes Shape improves machining accuracy；Again since servo motor two drives small Spur gear to drive bevel gear wheel, then it is further by bevel gear wheel It drives bevel pinion to rotate simultaneously, allows three lathe tool is synchronized and do radial feed movement, realize and workpiece to be processed is carried out Synchronous cutting processing.

When unlatching lathe is processed, starting motor is first had to by lathe tool and is adjusted to suitable position, restarts servo electricity It is to be processed that workbench mould group is moved to specific machining area etc. by the work of machine one；Starting electro spindle makes workpiece to be processed to set Revolving speed rotated, to move upwards lathe tool in the operating condition in the axis of workpiece to be processed same for starting servo motor two When can also move radially；Since then, which may be implemented knife rest feeding module one, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding Module three is moved along the synchronous linear operating of workpiece to be processed axial direction and along the straight-line feed of workpiece to be processed radial direction, additional to be added The rotary motion of work workpiece itself, to can realize that complex-curved high efficiency and high-precision are processed；

Further, since the knife rest feeding module one of knife rest feed system, knife rest feeding module two and knife rest feeding module three It is independent from each other, the working condition of lathe tool can be switched over by the flexible of cylinder, when cylinder stretches out, at lathe tool In working condition, when cylinder is shunk, lathe tool is in off position, therefore according to the quantity and lathe tool of the lathe tool for participating in processing Location can have 7 kinds of processing methods, and wherein hilted broadsword processing method is the processing method of traditional lathe, so that turning adds Work is more flexible, and improves the versatility and practicability of lathe.

The present invention has the advantages that

1. lathe tool usually once can only be carried out turning in main-shaft core position to a curved surface with one by traditional turning machine, Processing efficiency is low, and lathe of the present invention can be synchronized once with three or two lathe tools and be carried out to a curved surface in main-shaft core position Turning, it is high in machining efficiency.

2. not only can be with synchronous processing elongated shaft when three knife processing method of lathe selection of the present invention, it can be with synchronous processing rank Other slewing parts such as terraced axis and all kinds of complex-curved, while also new method and thinking are provided for processing elongated shaft.

3. three are driven lathe tool by same bevel gear wheel designed by lathe of the present invention, three lathe tool feed motions are realized High level of synchronization, reduce displacement error, improve machining accuracy.

4. three are respectively spaced lathe tool 120 ° of installations fixations designed by lathe of the present invention, three lathe tool when lathe tool simultaneous processing It is cancelled out each other to the active force of workpiece to be processed, it can be achieved that self-supporting and dynamic balancing, reduce workpiece to be processed stress deformation, make It obtains machining accuracy to get higher, and reduces workload, save the time, improve efficiency, make lathe versatility with higher.

5. three is mutually indepedent cutter designed by lathe of the present invention, working or not working is not interfere with each other, and is added according to participation 7 kinds of different processing methods may be implemented in the location of the lathe tool quantity of work and lathe tool, adapt to different processing requests.

6. lathe of the present invention traditional turning machine is equivalent under hilted broadsword processing method, it can be achieved that traditional machine tool it is all plus Work mode makes lathe versatility with higher and practicability.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of guide rail of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of workbench driving mould group of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of electric chief axis system of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of workbench mould group of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the support of table of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the structural scheme of mechanism of gear driving mould group of the present invention；

Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of knife rest feeding module one of the present invention；

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of knife rest feeding module one of the present invention；

Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of knife rest feeding module one of the present invention；

Figure 11 is feed screw schematic diagram of the present invention；

In figure, lathe bed 1, tailstock 2, workbench mould group 3, electric chief axis system 4, guide rail 5, workbench drive mould group 6, screw one 7, numerical control scale grating 8, knife rest feeding module 1, the support of table 302, gear drive mould group 303, bolt 1, knife Frame feeding module 2 305, knife rest feeding module 3 306, shaft-diameter measuring instrument 307, grating reading head 308, electro spindle pedestal 401, Electro spindle 402, electric mainshaft bearing end cap 1, spindle drum 404, electric mainshaft bearing end cap 2 405, bolt 2 406, three-jaw card Disk 407, screw 2 408, rolling guide 501, sliding block 502, screw 3 503, screw 4 504, silent end cap 601, bearing block one 602, workbench screw rod 603, workbench screw rod spiral shell 604, workbench connector 605, bolt 3 606, bearing block 2 607, opening End cap 608, shaft coupling 609, flange 610, servo motor 1, lathe tool pedestal 30101, lathe tool 30102, lathe tool seat 30103, Screw 5 30104, motor 30105, motor installation sheet 30106, screw 6 30107, knife rest connector 30108, screw seven 30109, cylinder 30110, bolt 4 30111, switching connector 1, screw 8 30113, fixed block 30114, lathe tool move Dynamic screw rod 30115, bolt 5 30116, lathe tool mobile feed screw nut 30117, taper pin 1, taper pin 2 30119, sleeve 30120, screw 9 30121, switching connector 2 30122, gasket 1, bevel pinion fixture nut 30124, opening shaft Socket end lid 30125, bolt 6 30126, gasket 2 30127, bearing 30128, bolt 7 30129, feed screw nut 30130, Feed screw 30131, screw 10, contracting brake 30133, silent bearing (ball) cover 30134, bolt 8 30135, gasket 3 30136, preceding body support frame 30201, bolt 9 30202, support cap 30203, bolt 10, rear body support frame 30205, bolt 11, canine tooth wheel sleeve 30207, table base 30208, bolt 12, bolt 13, auger tooth Take turns 30301, bevel pinion 30302, servo motor 2 30303, small Spur gear 30304, support base 30305, screw 11 30306。

Specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1 comprising lathe bed 1, guide rail 5, numerical control scale grating 8, tailstock 2, electric chief axis system 4, screw 1, Workbench drives mould group 6 and workbench mould group 3；The tailstock 2 is fixed on 1 tail portion of lathe bed, and electric chief axis system 4 passes through screw 1 It is fixed on 1 head of lathe bed, guide rail 5 is fixed on 1 on both sides of the middle of lathe bed, and numerical control scale grating 8 is fixed on 1 middle part side of lathe bed, work Make platform driving mould group 6 and be fixed on 1 middle part center of lathe bed, workbench mould group 3 is fixed in workbench driving mould group 6；

As shown in Fig. 2, the guide rail 5 includes rolling guide 501, sliding block 502, screw 3 503 and screw 4 504, it is described Rolling guide 501 is fixed on lathe bed 1 by screw 4 504, and sliding block 502 is slidably connected with rolling guide 501；So that sliding Block 502 can slide back and forth on rolling guide 501, and using air-float guide rail, abrasion can keep precision for a long time less；

As shown in figure 3, workbench driving mould group 6 include silent end cap 601, open end cap 608, bearing block 1, Bearing block 2 607, workbench screw rod 603, workbench connector 605, workbench feed screw nut 604, bolt 3 606, shaft coupling 609, flange 610 and servo motor 1, the bearing block 1, bearing block 2 607 and flange 610 are fixed on lathe bed 1, Silent end cap 601 is fixed on one 602 left side of bearing block, and open end cap 608 is fixed on 2 607 right side of bearing block, workbench silk Corresponding with bearing block 1 and bearing block 2 607 hole in 603 both ends of bar rotation connection, so that workbench screw rod 603 can be with Around own axis, workbench feed screw nut 604 is mounted on workbench screw rod 603 by screw pair, workbench connector 605 are fixed on workbench feed screw nut 604, and servo motor 1 is fixed on flange 610, and shaft coupling 609 is fixedly connected with work Make one 611 left end of 603 right end of platform screw rod and servo motor, so that passing through workbench under the drive of servo motor 1 The rotation of screw rod 603 allows the accurate axial feed of workbench feed screw nut 604, and workbench connector 605 can control It is mobile；

As shown in figure 4, the electric chief axis system 4 includes, screw 2 408, electro spindle pedestal 401, electric mainshaft bearing end cap One 403, electric mainshaft bearing end cap 2 405, spindle drum 404, electro spindle 402, bolt 2 406 and scroll chuck 407, the electricity are main Axis pedestal 401 is fixed on lathe bed 1 by screw 1, and electric mainshaft bearing end cap 1 and electric mainshaft bearing end cap 2 405 are solid Due to 404 both ends of spindle drum, scroll chuck 407 is fixed on 402 end of electro spindle by bolt 2 406, and spindle drum 404 passes through spiral shell It follows closely 2 408 to be fixed on electro spindle pedestal 401, electro spindle 402 and spindle drum 404 are rotatablely connected, to realize that electro spindle 402 is logical Crossing scroll chuck 407 drives workpiece to be machined to be rotated and will not generate apparent trembling；

As shown in figure 5, workbench mould group 3 includes the support of table 302, knife rest feeding module 1, knife rest feeding module 2 305, knife rest feeding module 3 306, gear driving mould group 303, bolt 1, shaft-diameter measuring instrument 307 and grating reading head 308, three identical knife rest feeding modules 1, knife rest feeding module 2 305 and knife rest feeding module 3 306 It is in 120 ° to be fixed on the support of table 302, and knife rest feeding module 1 and 3 306 or so pairs of knife rest feeding module Claim, knife rest feeding module 2 305 is located at middle；Workpiece to be machined is generated when to realize 30102 turnery processing of lathe tool Cutting force can cancel out each other, and reduce the deformation of workpiece to be machined in process, improve machining accuracy；The gear driving Mould group 303 is fixed on 302 intermediate rear face of the support of table, and the support of table 302 is fixed on workbench driving by bolt 1 Mould group 6, and guide rail 5 supports 302 two sides of the support of table, to realize that workbench mould group 3 can drive mould group 6 in workbench Drive lower progress axial feed motion；The shaft-diameter measuring instrument 307 is fixed on the support of table 302, for accurately recording vehicle The numerical value of the workpiece diameter of axle in processing is cut, grating reading head 308 is fixed on 302 bottom side of the support of table, can be to numerical control scale Grating 8 reads the axial feed motion for being recorded and being fed back to control workbench mould group 3；

As shown in fig. 6, the support of table 302 includes table base 30208, bolt 12, bolt 13 30210, preceding body support frame 30201, support cap 30203, rear body support frame 30205, canine tooth wheel sleeve 30207, bolt 9 30202, spiral shell Bolt 10 and bolt 11, the table base 30208 are fixed on workbench by screw 1 and drive mould group On 6 workbench connector 605, thus realize workbench mould group 3 can workbench drive mould group 6 drive under axially into It gives, preceding body support frame 30201 is fixed on table base 30208 by bolt 13 and bolt 12, for side Knife rest is first fed mould by the just installation of knife rest feeding module 1, knife rest feeding module 2 305 and knife rest feeding module 3 306 It, then will bearing before block 1, knife rest feeding module 2 305 and knife rest feeding module 3 306 are installed on body support frame 30201 Lid 30203 be fixed on by bolt 10 before on body support frame 30201, thus realize knife rest feeding module 1, knife rest into To the fixation of module 2 305 and knife rest feeding module 3 306, rear body support frame 30205 is fixed on precursor branch by bolt 9 30202 It on frame 30201, and is parallel to each other before and after preceding body support frame 30201 and rear body support frame 30205, canine tooth wheel sleeve 30207 passes through bolt 11 are fixed on rear body support frame 30205, to realize that rotation of the bevel gear wheel 30301 on rear body support frame 30205 connects It connects, so that bevel gear wheel 30301 can be rotated around own central axis line, and realizes that gear driving mould group 303 is fed with movable knife rack and be System carries out radial feed movement；

As shown in fig. 7, the gear driving mould group 303 includes bevel pinion 30302, bevel gear wheel 30301, servo motor 2 30303, small Spur gear 30304, support base 30305 and screw 11, the bevel pinion 30302 respectively with auger Gear 30301 engages, and the rear body support frame 30205 of bevel gear wheel 30301 and the support of table 302 is rotatablely connected, servo motor 30303 are fixed on support base 30305, small Spur gear 30304 is fixedly connected with servo motor 30303, and support plate 30305 passes through spiral shell It follows closely 11 to be fixedly connected with the table base 30208 of the support of table 302, to realize in servo motor 2 30303 Driving under so that bevel gear wheel 30301 around own axis come band movable knife rack feed system carry out axial feed motion；

As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the knife rest feeding module 1 includes feed mechanism, switching mechanism and knife rest, described Feed mechanism is fixedly connected with the preceding body support frame 30201 of the support of table 302, and switching mechanism includes bolt 4 30111, cylinder 30110 pass through the rear body support frame of bolt 4 30111 and the support of table 302 with switching connector 1, cylinder 30110 30205 are fixedly connected, and switching connector 1 is fixed on cylinder 30110, receive to realize in the stretching of cylinder 30110 The lower switching connector 1 of contracting radially moves, and radially moves with movable knife rack feeding module 1, carries out in work Make the switching of state and off position；

As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the knife rest includes lathe tool pedestal 30101, lathe tool 30102, lathe tool seat 30103, screw nine 30121, screw 5 30104, motor 30105, motor installation sheet 30106, screw 6 30107, screw 7 30109, knife rest connection The mobile screw rod 30115 of part 30108, screw 8 30113, fixed block 30114, lathe tool, bolt 5 30116, the mobile screw rod spiral shell of lathe tool Mother 30117, taper pin 1, taper pin 2 30119 and sleeve 30120, the lathe tool pedestal 30101 by screw 7 30109 with Knife rest connector 30108 is fixedly connected, and knife rest connector 30108 is fixed on feed mechanism, thus under the drive of feed mechanism Radial feed movement may be implemented in knife rest, and lathe tool 30102 is fixed on lathe tool seat 30103, lathe tool seat by screw 9 30121 30103 are slidably connected with lathe tool pedestal 30101, and lathe tool seat 30103 is fixed on the mobile screw rod spiral shell of lathe tool by bolt 5 30116 Mother 30117, motor 30105 are fixed on motor installation sheet 30106 by screw 5 30104, and motor installation sheet 30106 passes through spiral shell It follows closely 6 30107 and is fixed on lathe tool pedestal 30101, fixed block 30114 is fixed on lathe tool pedestal 30101, vehicle by screw 8 30113 Mobile 30115 left end of screw rod of knife is flexibly connected with 30114 corresponding aperture of fixed block, and right end and sleeve 30120 pass through taper pin 1 It is fixedly connected, sleeve 30120 is fixedly connected on mobile 30115 right end of screw rod of lathe tool by taper pin 1, and sleeve 30120 is logical It crosses taper pin 2 30119 and is fixedly connected on 30105 left end of motor, to realize that motor 30105 drives mobile 30115 turns of the screw rod of lathe tool Dynamic, the mobile screw rod 30115 of lathe tool is further driven to lathe tool 30102 along lathe tool pedestal by the mobile feed screw nut 30117 of lathe tool 30101 sliding slots move left and right；

As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, the feed mechanism includes bevel pinion fixture nut 30124, gasket 1, cuts Change connector 1, switching connector 2 30122, opening bearing (ball) cover 30125, bolt 6 30126, gasket 2 30127, Silent bearing (ball) cover 30134, bolt 8 30135, gasket 3 30136, bearing 30128, bolt 7 30129, feed screw nut 30130, feed screw 30131, screw 10 and contracting brake 30133, the bevel pinion fixture nut 30124 are solid Due to 30131 left end of feed screw, bevel pinion 30302 is fixed on by bevel pinion fixture nut 30124 and gasket 30123 30130 left end of feed screw nut is further driven to feed screw to realize by driving the rotation of bevel pinion 30302 30131 rotations；Switching connector 1 is fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw 30131, and with switch connector 2 30122 are flexibly connected, to realize that switching connector 1 is carried out by the flexible drive feed mechanism of cylinder 30110 It moves radially, switching connector 2 30122 is fixedly connected by spline keyway with feed screw 30131, guarantees that bevel pinion is right End is held out against, and opening bearing (ball) cover 30125 passes through the precursor branch of bolt 6 30126 and gasket 2 30127 and the support of table 302 Frame 30201 is fixedly connected, and the bearing 30128 is flexibly connected with feed screw 30131, and the silent bearing (ball) cover 30134 is logical It crosses bolt 8 30135 and gasket 3 30136 to be fixedly connected with the preceding body support frame 30201 of the support of table 302, feed screw nut 30130 are fixedly connected by bolt 7 30129 with knife rest connector 30108, and feed screw nut 30130 and feed screw 30131 are connected by screw pair, and the preceding body support frame 30201 of the feed screw 30131 and the support of table 302 is rotatablely connected, To realize that the rotation of feed screw 30131 is not influenced by the preceding body support frame 30201 of the support of table 302, and in feed screw 30131 drive lower feeding feed screw nut 30130 can axially move left and right along feed screw 30131, be further driven to feed Mechanism realization moves radially；The contracting brake 30133 passes through the preceding body support frame of screw 10 and the support of table 302 30201 are fixedly connected, to realize that feed mechanism moves radially the accuracy of stop.

A kind of processing method of multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe, including the following steps:

(1) lathe is opened, determines the processing method of lathe, after clamping blank, fine measuring instrument is used to measure blank phase The size to be processed closed, determines machining allowance, starts to process workpiece to be processed, and finishing cycles, until meeting essence Degree requires；

(2) when selecting hilted broadsword processing method, there are three types of hilted broadsword processing methods, can be according to parts profile and machining accuracy It is required that opening most suitable that in three lathe tools realizes the processing to workpiece to be processed lathe tool, and in roughing and essence It can according to need when processing and different lathe tools selected to process；

(3) when selecting multi-cutter process mode, there are four types of multi-cutter process modes, equally can be according to parts profile and processing Required precision selects the processing of three knives or the processing of two knives, and the processing of two knives is selected there are three types of different modes, in addition, coarse-fine It can only be processed with three knives or two knives when processing, three knives or two knife rapid processings can also be selected in roughing, are being finished When again can using hilted broadsword process, the processing request of high-efficiency high-precision is reached with this.

A kind of processing method of the multitool high efficiency synchronous dynamic balancing turnery processing lathe, when carrying out work pieces process, Under default situations, cylinder 30110 is in stretching state, i.e. bevel pinion 30302 is engaged with bevel gear wheel 30301, at lathe It is to be added processing since three lathe tools 30102 are installed for 120 ° according to interval in the working method of three knife simultaneous processings Three can cancel out each other active force of the lathe tool 30102 to workpiece to be processed when work workpiece, to reduce the stress of workpiece to be processed Deformation, improves machining accuracy；Again since servo motor 2 30303 drives small Spur gear 30304 to drive bevel gear wheel 30301, Again by bevel gear wheel further simultaneously drive bevel pinion 30302 to rotate, allow three lathe tool 30102 is synchronized do radially into To movement, realization synchronizes machining to workpiece to be processed.

When unlatching lathe is processed, starting motor 30105 is first had to by lathe tool 30102 and is adjusted to suitable position, then It is to be processed that workbench mould group 3 is moved to specific machining area etc. by the starting work of servo motor 1；Start electro spindle 402 Make workpiece to be processed and rotated with the revolving speed set, starting servo motor 2 30303 makes lathe tool 30102 in the operating condition It can also be moved radially while the axis of workpiece to be processed moves upwards.Since then, which may be implemented knife rest feeding mould Block 1, knife rest feeding module 2 305 and knife rest feeding module 3 306 along workpiece to be processed axial direction synchronous linear operating and Straight-line feed along workpiece to be processed radial direction moves, the rotary motion of additional workpiece to be processed itself, so that complicated song can be realized The high efficiency and high-precision in face are processed.

Further, since the knife rest feeding module 1 of knife rest feed system, knife rest feeding module 2 305 and knife rest feeding Module 3 306 is independent from each other, and can be switched over by the flexible of cylinder 30110 to the working condition of lathe tool 30102, When cylinder 30110 stretches out, lathe tool 30102 is in running order, and when cylinder 30110 is shunk, lathe tool 30102 is in and does not work State, therefore 7 kinds of processing methods can be had according to the location of the quantity for the lathe tool 30102 for participating in processing and lathe tool 30102, Wherein hilted broadsword processing method is the processing method of traditional lathe, so that turnery processing is more flexible, improves the logical of lathe With property and practicability.