阅读说明：本技术 一种水面舰船舵系无键连接设计方法 (design method for keyless connection of rudder system of surface ship ) 是由 徐明彩 彭戈 黄广明 尤培培 于 2019-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种水面舰船舵系无键连接设计方法,其步骤包括：无键连接部分需传递扭矩的确定；无键连接部分尺寸的确定；配合面间所需压力和最小过盈量的计算；连接零件在最大过盈时的强度校核；承座的推入量和推入力计算；液压螺母设计,通过以上步骤,可计算出无键连接部分需传递扭矩、无键连接部分尺寸、配合面间所需压力和最小过盈量、承座的推入量和推入力以及液压螺母的尺寸。本发明可应用于水面舰船舵系无键连接的设计,可克服有键连接加工难度大、装配工艺复杂、拆卸困难等问题。(A design method for a ship rudder system of a surface ship without key connection comprises the following steps: determining torque to be transmitted by the non-key connection part; determining the size of the part without key connection; calculating the required pressure and the minimum interference magnitude between the matching surfaces; checking the strength of the connecting part in the maximum interference; calculating the pushing amount and the pushing force of the bearing seat; the hydraulic nut design can calculate the torque transmission of the part without key connection, the size of the part without key connection, the pressure and the minimum interference magnitude required between matching surfaces, the pushing amount and the pushing force of the bearing seat and the size of the hydraulic nut through the steps. The invention can be applied to the design of the rudder system of the surface ship without key connection, and can overcome the problems of large processing difficulty, complex assembly process, difficult disassembly and the like of the key connection.)

1. A no-key connection design method for a rudder system of a surface ship is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1) determining the torque to be transmitted of a key-free connection part;

Step 2) determining the size of the part without key connection;

step 3) calculating the required pressure and the minimum interference magnitude between the matching surfaces;

Step 4), checking the strength of the connecting part in the maximum interference;

Step 5), calculating the pushing amount and the pushing force of the bearing seat;

Step 6), designing a hydraulic nut;

Through the steps, the torque to be transmitted by the key-free connection part, the size of the key-free connection part, the pressure and the minimum interference magnitude required between the matching surfaces, the pushing-in amount and the pushing-in force of the bearing seat and the size of the hydraulic nut can be calculated.

2. The design method for the keyless connection of the rudder system of the surface ship according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 1) is carried out hydrodynamic calculation according to a hydrodynamic map of an original Soviet Union, and the stress of the rudder system is determined; considering the safety margin of the real ship application, the torque which needs to be transmitted by the key-free connection part is substituted into the calculation by the torque obtained by 2 times of the hydrodynamics calculation.

3. The method for designing the rudder system of the surface ship without key connection according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the rudder system of the surface ship is considered to be stressed more than that of a civil ship, in the designing of the rudder system of the surface ship without key connection, the taper is 1: 12-1: 20, and under the condition of no supporting pipe, the length of a cone is not less than 2.5 times of the diameter of a rudder stock at a rudder bearing; in the case of a support tube, the cone length should be no less than 2.5 times the diameter of the rudder stock at the lower end support in the support tube.

4. The method for designing the rudder system of the surface vessel without key connection according to claim 3, wherein the step 3) comprises the following calculation steps under the condition of known load:

(1) Minimum positive pressure Pfmin of connecting joint surface of rudder stock and bearing seat

in the formula: fx axial force (N) to the tiller

T-Torque to be transmitted by rudder stock (N mm)

dm-average diameter of the connecting cones (mm)

lf-Cone Length (mm)

mu-coefficient of friction, 0.15

(2) Tiller and rudder stock bearing diameter ratio

The diameter ratio qa of the rudder stock bearing is dm/da, and da is the outer diameter of the bearing

Tiller diameter ratio qi di/dm

(3) Minimum diameter change required for load transfer of shoe

Δ＝(pdC)/E

In the formula:

ν a-Poisson's ratio of bearing materials

ea-modulus of elasticity of bearing material

(4) minimum diameter variation required by rudder stock to transfer load

Δ＝(PdC)/E

In the formula:

V i-Poisson's ratio of rudder stock material

ei-modulus of elasticity of rudder stock material

(5) Minimum effective interference magnitude required for rudder stock and bearing connection to transfer load

Δ'＝Δ+Δ

(6) interference loss caused by roughness of joint surface of rudder stock and bearing

The machining roughness of the coupling surface of the rudder stock and the bearing seat can generate partial interference loss, the size of the interference loss depends on the roughness and the precision of the surface machining, the interference loss delta is 4Rz, and Rz is the average value of the roughness average height of the coupling surface;

(7) Minimum interference magnitude required for rudder stock and bearing cone connection to transfer load

Because the rudder stock is forged steel and the bearing seat is cast steel, the linear expansion coefficients of the rudder stock and the bearing seat are approximately the same, and interference loss caused by temperature during installation can not be taken into account.

The minimum interference required is:

Δ＝Δ'+Δ"。

5. The design method for the keyless connection of the rudder system of the surface ship according to claim 4 is characterized in that in the step 4), under the selected standard interference fit, the checking step is as follows:

(1) The maximum positive pressure pfmax allowed by the material performance of the rudder stock and the bearing seat connection

The minimum interference magnitude required by the connection of the rudder stock and the bearing seat for transferring the load is calculated from the last part, the pressing-in magnitude cannot be infinite during actual assembly, otherwise if the positive stress borne by the connection surface of the rudder stock and the bearing seat is greater than the yield limit of the material, the rudder stock and the bearing seat can be damaged; therefore, the maximum interference delta max of the rudder stock and the bearing seat needs to be calculated; at the moment, under the action of positive pressure pfmax of the connection between the rudder stock and the bearing seat, the positive stress of the nesting surface does not exceed 70% of the yield strength of various materials; the bearing material is selected from ZG230-450H or ZG 275-485H;

According to the fourth strength theory, the resultant positive stress σ amax of the inner surface of the taper hole of the bearing seat is:

σ≤[σ]＝0.7σ

therefore, the maximum positive pressure of the inner surface of the taper hole of the bearing seat without yielding deformation

Similarly, the maximum positive pressure of the surface of the rudder stock cone without yielding deformation

The maximum positive pressure pfmax is the smaller of pafmax and pifmax;

(2) Maximum interference delta' 1 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on inner surface of bearing taper hole

Δ'＝(pdC)/E

(3) Maximum interference delta' 2 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on the surface of the rudder stock cone

Δ"＝(pdC)/E

(4) Maximum allowable interference of rudder stock and bearing cone connection due to material properties

Δ＝Δ'+Δ"+Δ"

And calculating the pushing-in amount and the pushing-in force of the bearing seat, wherein under the selected interference, the calculation steps are as follows:

after the calculation of the first two parts, the interference magnitude of the required torque to be safely transmitted is more than delta min and less than delta max;

The actual push-in amount s is Δ/K, where K is the taper. During design, the actual interference magnitude delta is preferably close to the delta max;

And Δ ═ pfdm (Ca/Ea + Ci/Ei) + Δ "

then

the insertion force is P ═ pi pfdmlf (K/2+ μ '), where μ ' is the coefficient of sliding friction and μ ' ═ 0.02;

the hydraulic nut design is carried out by referring to CCS (computer communications system) in the design of the keyless connection hydraulic nut of the surface naval vessel, and specifically comprises the following steps:

Size of nut

Thread outside diameter: dg is more than or equal to 0.65 dc;

length of the nut: hn is more than or equal to 0.6 dg;

The outer diameter of the nut is as follows: dn is not less than 1.2du or 1.5dg, whichever is larger.

6. The design method for the keyless connection of the rudder system of the surface ship according to claim 5, wherein the nut is made of forged steel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a design method for a ship rudder system of a surface ship without key connection, and belongs to the technical field of special devices of ships.

Background

at present, the connection of a rudder system rudder stock and a rudder blade of a surface ship in China and the connection of the rudder stock and a rudder stock adopt a key connection mode, wherein a supporting tube is used for hanging the rudder stock and the rudder blade and adopts 4 keys for connection, and a hanging rudder stock and the rudder blade without the supporting tube adopt 1 key for connection. Keyed conical connections use friction between the rudder stock and the conical surface of the rudder socket and keys to transmit torque. The problems of high processing difficulty, complex assembly process, difficult disassembly and the like exist. Therefore, a new rudder system connection mode suitable for surface ships is urgently needed in the industry, so that the defect of key connection is overcome, the processing difficulty of the rudder system is reduced, and the dismounting and mounting process is simplified.

The non-key connection of the rudder system is that the joint surface of a rudder stock (rudder pintle) and a bearing seat is processed into a conical surface with a certain taper, when the bearing seat serving as a containing part is sleeved and pressed on a shaft serving as a contained part by a certain axial force, a certain magnitude of interference is generated between the matching surfaces, a certain radial pressure is formed on the matching surfaces, and further, when the connection bears a certain torque, frictional resistance or frictional resistance moment is generated on the matching surfaces so as to resist and transmit external load.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a design method suitable for the keyless connection of a rudder system of a surface ship.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: determining torque to be transmitted by the non-key connection part; determining the size of the part without key connection; calculating the required pressure and the minimum interference magnitude between the matching surfaces; checking the strength of the connecting part in the maximum interference; calculating the pushing amount and the pushing force of the bearing seat; and (4) designing a hydraulic nut.

And further, determining the torque to be transmitted by the key-free connection part, performing hydrodynamic calculation according to the hydrodynamic map of the original Soviet Union, and determining the stress of the rudder system. Considering the safety margin of the real ship application, the torque which needs to be transmitted by the key-free connection part is substituted into the calculation by the torque obtained by 2 times of the hydrodynamics calculation.

The size of the keyless connection part is determined by considering that the stress of a rudder system of the surface ship is larger than that of a civil ship, the taper is 1: 12-1: 20 in the keyless connection design of the rudder system of the surface ship, and the length of a cone is not less than 2.5 times of the diameter of a rudder stock at a lower rudder bearing under the condition of no supporting pipe; in the case of a support tube, the cone length should be no less than 2.5 times the diameter of the rudder stock at the lower end support in the support tube.

And calculating the required pressure and the minimum interference between the matching surfaces, wherein under the condition of known load, the calculation steps are as follows:

1 minimum positive pressure Pfmin of connecting joint surface of rudder stock and bearing seat

In the formula: fx axial force (N) to the tiller

T-Torque to be transmitted by rudder stock (N mm)

dm-average diameter of the connecting cones (mm)

lf-Cone Length (mm)

Mu-coefficient of friction, 0.15

2 rudder stock diameter ratio and rudder stock bearing diameter ratio

the diameter ratio qa of the rudder stock bearing is dm/da, and da is the outer diameter of the bearing

Tiller diameter ratio qi di/dm

3 minimum diameter change required for bearing to transmit load

Δ＝(pdC)/E

in the formula:

ν a-Poisson's ratio of bearing materials

Ea-modulus of elasticity of bearing material

4 minimum diameter change quantity required by rudder stock to transfer load

Δ＝(PdC)/E

in the formula:

V i-Poisson's ratio of rudder stock material

Ei-modulus of elasticity of rudder stock material

5 minimum effective interference magnitude required by rudder stock and bearing seat connection for transferring load

Δ'＝Δ+Δ

interference loss caused by roughness of connecting surface of 6 rudder stock and bearing seat

The roughness of the coupling surface processing of the rudder stock and the bearing seat can generate partial interference loss, the magnitude of the interference loss depends on the roughness and the precision of the surface processing, the interference loss delta is 4Rz, and Rz is the average value of the roughness average height of the coupling surface.

7 minimum interference magnitude required by rudder stock and bearing cone connection for transferring load

Because the rudder stock is forged steel and the bearing seat is cast steel, the linear expansion coefficients of the rudder stock and the bearing seat are approximately the same, and interference loss caused by temperature during installation can not be taken into account.

The minimum interference required is:

Δ＝Δ'+Δ"

The strength of the connecting part in the maximum interference is checked, and under the selected standard interference fit, the checking steps are as follows:

1 maximum positive pressure pfmax allowed by the material performance of the rudder stock and the bearing seat connection

The minimum interference required for the rudder stock and bearing connection to transfer the load is calculated from the above part, and the actual assembly cannot be carried out infinitely, otherwise if the positive stress on the rudder stock and bearing connection surface is greater than the yield limit of the material itself, the rudder stock and bearing will be damaged. The maximum interference Δ max of the tiller and the socket needs to be calculated. At this time, under the action of positive pressure pfmax of the connection between the rudder stock and the bearing seat, the positive stress of the nesting surface is not more than 70% of the yield strength of various materials. The bearing material is selected from ZG230-450H or ZG 275-485H.

According to the fourth strength theory, the resultant positive stress σ amax of the inner surface of the taper hole of the bearing seat is:

σ≤[σ]＝0.7σ

Therefore, the maximum positive pressure of the inner surface of the taper hole of the bearing seat without yielding deformation

Similarly, the maximum positive pressure of the surface of the rudder stock cone without yielding deformation

The maximum positive pressure pfmax is the smaller of pafmax and pifmax.

2 maximum interference Delta' 1 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on the inner surface of the bearing taper hole

Δ'＝(pdC)/E

3 maximum interference delta' 2 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on the surface of the rudder stock cone

Δ"＝(pdC)/E

4 maximum interference allowed by the material property of the rudder stock and bearing cone connection

Δ＝Δ'+Δ"+Δ"

and calculating the pushing-in amount and the pushing-in force of the bearing seat, wherein under the selected interference, the calculation steps are as follows:

After the calculation of the first two parts, the interference magnitude for safely transmitting the required torque is more than delta min and less than delta max.

the actual push-in amount s is Δ/K, where K is the taper. In design, it is advisable that the actual interference Δ be close to Δ max.

And Δ ═ pfdm (Ca/Ea + Ci/Ei) + Δ "

then

the insertion force is P ═ pi pfdmlf (K/2+ μ '), where μ ' is the coefficient of sliding friction and μ ' ═ 0.02.

The hydraulic nut design is carried out by referring to CCS (computer communications system) in the design of the keyless connection hydraulic nut of the surface naval vessel, and specifically comprises the following steps:

Size of nut

Thread outside diameter: dg is more than or equal to 0.65 dc;

Length of the nut: hn is more than or equal to 0.6 dg;

The outer diameter of the nut is as follows: dn is not less than 1.2du or 1.5dg, whichever is larger.

the nut material is generally forged steel.

Through the method, the torque to be transmitted by the keyless connection part, the size of the keyless connection part, the pressure and minimum interference between matching surfaces, the pushing amount and the pushing force of the bearing seat and the size of the hydraulic nut can be calculated, and the design problem of the keyless connection of the surface ship rudder system is well solved.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a keyed connection of a suspended rudder with a support tube.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a suspended rudder keyed without a support tube.

The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements.

Detailed Description

The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawing. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided only to help illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents. After reading the description of the invention, one skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the invention, and such equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

the keyless connection design method of the rudder system of the surface ship according to the invention is explained in detail.

1, firstly, the torque T which needs to be transmitted by the key-free connection part is obtained by hydrodynamic calculation, wherein the torque T is 2 multiplied by 82.971 and 165.82kNm, and the axial stress FX of the rudder stock is 20000N.

2, determining that the diameter of the rudder stock at the lower rudder carrier is dc which is 310mm, the taper K connected with the bearing is 1/12, and the length of the taper lf is 770 mm.

3 calculating the minimum positive pressure Pfmin of the connecting joint surface of the rudder stock and the bearing seat

The diameter ratio qa/da of rudder stock bearing is 278/416 is 0.668, and da is 416mm, which is the bearing outer diameter

The rudder stock is a solid rudder stock, and the diameter ratio qi is 0

Minimum diameter change required for load transfer of shoe

Δ＝(pdC)/E＝11.83×278×2.91/206000＝0.046mm

in the formula:

Va 0.30, Poisson's ratio of bearing material (ZG230-450)

E＝206000MPa

Minimum diameter variation required by rudder stock to transfer load

Δ＝(PdC)/E＝11.83×278×0.70/206000＝0.011mm

In the formula:

ν i ═ 0.30, poisson's ratio of rudder stock material (35CrMo)

E＝206000MPa

minimum effective interference magnitude required for rudder stock and bearing connection to transfer load

Δ'＝Δ+Δ＝0.046+0.011＝0.057mm

Interference loss caused by roughness of joint surface of rudder stock and bearing

The interference loss Δ ″, 4Rz ═ 4 × 0.0016 ═ 0.0064mm, where Rz ═ 1.6 μm, is the average of the average heights of the roughness of the mating surfaces.

Minimum interference and thrust required for rudder stock and bearing cone connection to transfer loads

The minimum interference Δ min ═ Δ' + Δ ═ 0.057+0.0064 ═ 0.0634mm

The minimum required pushing quantity smin is 0.0634 × 12 is 0.761mm

4 maximum positive pressure pfmax allowed by the material performance of the rudder stock and the bearing seat connection

Maximum positive pressure without yielding deformation on inner surface of bearing taper hole

Maximum positive pressure without yielding deformation on surface of rudder stock cone

the maximum positive pressure pfmax is 52.01N/mm2

Maximum interference delta' 1 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on inner surface of bearing taper hole

Δ'＝(pdC)/E＝52.01×278×2.91/206000＝0.202mm

Maximum interference delta' 2 generated by maximum positive pressure pfmax on the surface of the rudder stock cone

Δ"＝(pdC)/E＝52.01×278×0.70/206000＝0.049mm

Maximum allowable interference and thrust of rudder stock and bearing cone connection due to material properties

Δ＝Δ'+Δ"+Δ"＝0.202+0.049+0.0064＝0.2574mm

s＝Δ/K＝0.2574×12＝3.089mm

5 calculating the pushing-in amount and the pushing-in force of the bearing seat under the selected interference

After the calculation, the interference magnitude for safely transmitting the required torque is more than delta min and less than delta max.

Taking the delta as 0.25mm,

The actual pushing amount s is 0.25 × 12 is 3.00mm

force of pushing in

P＝πpdl(K/2+μ')＝3.14×50.0×278×770×(1/24+0.02)＝2072457.57N

6 size of nut

Thread outside diameter: dg is more than or equal to 0.65dc and 0.65 multiplied by 310 is 201.5mm, and the actual diameter is 202 mm;

length of the nut: hn is more than or equal to 0.6dg and 0.6 multiplied by 201.5mm and 120.9mm, and the actual diameter is 125 mm;

The outer diameter of the nut is as follows: dn is more than or equal to 1.2du and 1.2 multiplied by 246 and 295.2mm

Or 1.5dg 1.5 × 201.5mm 302.25mm, whichever is larger, to give a maximum of 305 mm.

The invention has the advantages that the torque transmission of the keyless connection part of the surface ship, the size of the keyless connection part, the keyless connection technology of the suspended rudder with the supporting pipe, the selection of main materials of the rudder stock bearing and the like are comprehensively considered, the design method can be applied to the keyless connection design of the surface ship rudder system, and the problems of large processing difficulty, complex assembly process, difficult disassembly and the like of the keyless connection with keys can be overcome.

the embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention.