阅读说明：本技术 用于运行具有至少一个长度可液压式调节的联杆的往复活塞式发动机的方法 (Method for operating a reciprocating piston engine having at least one link whose length can be hydraulically adjusted ) 是由 西格弗里德·洛施 阿洛伊斯·福哈普特 格哈德·海梅尔 伯恩哈德·科迈特 乌维·迪特尔·格雷贝 于 2018-02-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于运行往复活塞式发动机(10)、特别是内燃机的方法,该往复活塞式发动机具有用于调节压缩比ε的至少一个长度可液压式调节的联杆(1a,1b),该联杆(1a,1b)具有用于长度调节的液压缸(3)和活塞(2),所述活塞(2)与液压缸(3)限定至少一个工作腔(4,5),通过该工作腔的液位能够实现联杆(1a,1b)的至少两个切换位置(I,II),其中,根据至少一个第一预定条件、与对压缩比ε的调节无关地实施对工作腔(4,5)的至少部分的填充和排空,以便实现所述至少一个工作腔(4,5)中的液压介质的至少部分的更换。(The invention relates to a method for operating a reciprocating piston engine (10), in particular an internal combustion engine, the reciprocating piston engine has at least one hydraulically adjustable link (1a, 1b) of a length for adjusting the compression ratio epsilon, the connecting rod (1a, 1b) has a hydraulic cylinder (3) and a piston (2) for length adjustment, the piston (2) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) define at least one working chamber (4, 5), at least two switching positions (I, II) of the connecting rods (1a, 1b) can be realized through the liquid level of the working cavity, wherein at least partial filling and emptying of the working chambers (4, 5) is carried out independently of the adjustment of the compression ratio epsilon on the basis of at least one first predetermined condition, in order to achieve at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium in the at least one working chamber (4, 5).)

1. Method for operating a reciprocating piston engine (10), in particular an internal combustion engine, having at least one hydraulically adjustable length connecting rod (1) for adjusting a compression ratio epsilon, the connecting rod (1) having a hydraulic cylinder (3) and a piston (2) for length adjustment, the piston (2) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) delimiting at least one working chamber (4, 5) whose fluid level enables at least two switching positions (I, II) of the connecting rod (1),

wherein at least partial filling and emptying of the at least one working chamber (4, 5) is carried out independently of the adjustment of the compression ratio epsilon in accordance with at least one first predetermined condition in order to achieve at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium in the at least one working chamber (4, 5).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compression ratio epsilon has substantially the same value before and after said filling and emptying.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the piston (2) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) define two working chambers (4, 5) of which at least two switching positions (I, II) of the link rod (1) can be achieved by means of respective levels, wherein the working chambers (4, 5) are emptied and filled, respectively, in opposite directions.

4. method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least partial filling and emptying of the at least one working chamber (4, 5) is carried out at a low load point, in particular below half the maximum load, and/or at a low torque, in particular below half the maximum torque.

5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the injection quantity of fuel and/or the lambda ratio of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which cylinder has at least one link (1) of which the length is hydraulically adjustable, are temporarily adjusted in order to reduce the load on the cylinder, in particular when there is a short switching position, i.e. a switching position corresponding to the short length of the link (1).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one hydraulically adjustable length link (1) is sprayed with a cooling medium, in particular a hydraulic medium and/or a lubricating medium, for cooling.

7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the spraying of the link (1) is introduced in dependence on at least one second predetermined condition, in particular before at least partial filling and emptying of one working chamber (4, 5) is carried out.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one first predetermined condition and/or the at least one second predetermined condition relate to a parameter selected from the group of parameters having:

The temperature of the hydraulic medium, the duration since the compression ratio epsilon changes, the duration since the last at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium, the amount of the hydraulic medium at the last at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium, the switching position (I, II), and the load point of the reciprocating piston engine with the length-adjustable link (1).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a reciprocating piston engine with a plurality of links (1) of hydraulically adjustable length filling and emptying are carried out successively for the links.

10. Electronic control system, preferably with a memory and a microprocessor, which is set up to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the method according to one of claims 1 to 9.

12. Computer-readable medium, on which a computer program according to claim 1 is stored.

13. A reciprocating piston engine (10), in particular an internal combustion engine, having at least one hydraulically adjustable link (1a, 1b) of a length for adjusting a compression ratio epsilon, the connecting rods (1a, 1b) have a hydraulic cylinder (3) and a piston (2) for length adjustment, the piston (2) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) define at least one working chamber (4, 5), at least two switching positions (I, II) of the connecting rod (1) can be realized through the liquid level of the working cavity, wherein the reciprocating piston engine (10) further has means (11) for carrying out at least partial filling and emptying of the at least one working chamber (4, 5) according to at least one first predetermined condition and independently of an adjustment of the compression ratio epsilon, in order to achieve at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium in the at least one working chamber (4, 5).

14. A reciprocating piston engine (10), in particular according to claim 13, having at least one hydraulically adjustable length link (1) for adjusting the compression ratio epsilon and a cooling device (12), wherein the cooling device (12) is set up to also spray the link (1) with a cooling medium, in particular a hydraulic medium and/or a lubricating medium.

15. A reciprocating piston engine (10) according to claim 14, wherein the cooling arrangement (12) has at least one nozzle directed towards at least one section of the range of motion B of the link.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, having at least one hydraulically adjustable length link for adjusting a compression ratio epsilon, wherein the link has a hydraulic cylinder for length adjustment and a piston which, together with the hydraulic cylinder, delimits at least one working chamber, the level of which can be used to achieve at least two switching positions of the link. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a reciprocating piston engine.

background

By varying the compression ratio of the reciprocating piston engine, it is possible to operate both full load and part load with a small compression ratio epsilon in the operating mode and start the reciprocating piston engine with an increased compression ratio epsilon. Thereby reducing consumption in the case of part load, raising the compression force at start with an increased compression ratio epsilon and reducing pressure peaks and preventing knocking in the case of higher power with a reduced compression ratio epsilon.

Document WO 2015/055582 a2 relates to a length-adjustable link for a reciprocating piston engine with a variable compression ratio, wherein the link has at least a first rod with a small link bore and a second rod with a large link bore, which can be displaced telescopically relative to one another and/or can be displaced in a retracting manner, wherein the second rod forms a guide cylinder and the first rod forms a piston element which can be displaced longitudinally in the guide cylinder, wherein a first high-pressure chamber opens out between the second rod and the piston element on the side of the piston element facing the large link bore, into which first high-pressure chamber at least one first oil duct opens, in particular a first non-return valve which opens in the direction of the first high-pressure chamber is arranged in the first oil duct, wherein the at least one first return duct originates from the first high-pressure chamber, the outflow cross section of which can be blocked by a control valve in a first position and released in a second position, preferably, the control valve has an adjusting piston which is axially slidable in a receiving bore of the second rod of the linkage, which adjusting piston is slidable in particular by a restoring spring into a first position and by an operating force against the force of the restoring spring into a second position, wherein the piston element is designed as a double-acting piston, preferably as a multi-stage piston.

It is also known that: an eccentrically arranged small connecting rod bore, an eccentric piston pin or an eccentric connecting rod journal of the crankshaft are used instead of the telescopic system.

Thus, DE 102014004987 a1 relates to a VCR-piston engine with a connecting rod having a compression piston, wherein the connecting rod has an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the compression piston, and the adjusting mechanism has a first supporting piston in a first supporting cylinder and a second supporting piston in a second supporting cylinder of the connecting rod, wherein the first and second supporting cylinders are each connected to a first control line via which a medium flows into and out of the respective supporting cylinder for adjusting the respective supporting cylinder, wherein at least one further second control line opens into at least one of the two supporting cylinders, and the further second control line is used at least for the outflow of the medium for adjusting the associated supporting cylinder.

In general, the link length varies according to a characteristic curve between at least one long switching position and a short switching position, wherein a long first switching position achieves a high compression ratio and a short second switching position achieves a low compression ratio epsilon. The length of the connecting rod remains constant, depending on the driving mode and the load required thereby. The compression ratio epsilon and thus the length of the link rod are only changed when the compression ratio epsilon should be adjusted to other values, for example in alternating from the full load range to the partial load range.

disclosure of Invention

the purpose of the invention is: a reciprocating piston engine and a method for operating such a reciprocating piston engine are provided, which ensure the function of at least one link of which the length can be adjusted hydraulically. The objects of the invention are in particular: overheating of the hydraulic medium for length adjustment of the hydraulically adjustable coupling rod is prevented.

Said object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a reciprocating piston engine according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the dependent claims. The words of the claims are included in the specification.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, having at least one hydraulically adjustable length link for adjusting a compression ratio epsilon, having a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the length and a piston which, together with the hydraulic cylinder, delimits at least one working chamber, the level of which can be used to achieve at least two switching positions of the link, wherein at least partial filling and emptying of the working chamber is carried out independently of the adjustment of the compression ratio epsilon in accordance with at least one first predetermined condition in order to achieve at least partial replacement of a hydraulic medium in the at least one working chamber.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, having at least one hydraulically adjustable length link for adjusting a compression ratio epsilon, having a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the length together with a piston which, together with the hydraulic cylinder, delimits at least one working chamber, the level of which can be used to achieve at least two switching positions of the link, wherein the reciprocating piston engine also has means for carrying out at least partial filling and emptying of the at least one working chamber in order to achieve at least partial replacement of a hydraulic medium in the at least one working chamber, as a function of at least one first predetermined condition and independently of the adjustment of the compression ratio epsilon.

The invention is based in particular on the recognition that: the high load is applied to the small volume of the hydraulic cylinder by a piston which is subjected to the pressure in the working chamber of the internal combustion engine. This results in an increase in the temperature of the hydraulic medium in the working chamber (pressure chamber of the hydraulic cylinder). In particular, if the hydraulic medium remains in the hydraulic cylinder for a relatively long time, the ageing effect of the hydraulic medium can be caused in this case in particular by overheating. In particular, the additives in the hydraulic medium can be chemically decomposed or destroyed. This effect is also promoted by the fact that, in internal combustion engines, the waste heat from the combustion process acts on the hydraulic cylinder by radiation and heat conduction.

the present invention follows the following scheme: the replacement of the hydraulic medium is achieved by filling and emptying, although the change of the compression ratio epsilon should not be adjusted. Preferably, the compression ratio epsilon here has substantially the same value before and after filling and emptying.

The aging effect can be prevented by changing the hydraulic medium. In particular, a blockage of the hydraulic medium line in the length-adjustable connecting rod or in the crankshaft can be prevented or at least the probability of such an accident can be reduced.

The at least one working chamber can be completely filled and emptied. Preferably, however, only partial filling and emptying is carried out, so that only a part of the hydraulic medium is replaced.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the piston and the hydraulic cylinder define two working chambers, the respective levels of which enable at least two switching positions of the connecting rod, wherein the working chambers are filled and emptied in opposite directions.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least partial filling and emptying of the at least one working chamber is carried out at low load points, in particular below half the maximum load, and/or at low torques, in particular below half the maximum torque. The filling and emptying at the lower load points ensure that: the link is not subjected to excessively high loads in the long switching position, which would lead to damage to the length-adjustable link, and the long switching position is at least passed through during filling and emptying. As mentioned at the outset, the long switching state for setting the high compression ratio epsilon generally exists in the lower part-load range.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, in order to reduce the load on the cylinders, in particular when short switching positions are present, the injection quantity of fuel and/or the lambda ratio of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine having at least one hydraulically adjustable link length are temporarily adjusted. In particular, when filling and emptying the working chamber starting from a short switching position (in which, as explained above, high loads are usually present), it is advantageous: the load is reduced. This prevents possible damage to the length-adjustable coupling rod.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least one link of hydraulically adjustable length is sprayed with a cooling medium, in particular with a hydraulic medium and/or a lubricating medium, for cooling. This spraying is preferably carried out by a piston cooling device which additionally wets the at least one hydraulically adjustable length connecting rod. This makes it possible to prevent the ageing effect of the hydraulic medium, independently of or in addition to the replacement of the hydraulic medium, by cooling the connecting rod from the outside.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spraying of the connecting rod is initiated as a function of at least one second predetermined condition, in particular before the working chamber is at least partially filled and emptied. According to this advantageous embodiment, the working chamber is only filled and emptied to at least partially replace the hydraulic medium when the cooling by spraying with the cooling medium is no longer sufficient. This prevents a deviation in time from the optimum link length or at least limits it to a minimum duration.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the at least one first and/or second predetermined condition relates to a parameter selected from the group of the following parameters: temperature of the hydraulic medium, duration since the compression ratio epsilon changes, duration since the last at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium, amount of hydraulic medium replaced at the last at least partial replacement of the hydraulic medium, switching position, load point.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the filling and emptying of the connecting rods are carried out in succession in a reciprocating piston engine having a plurality of connecting rods of which the length can be adjusted hydraulically. This can prevent: a perceptible change in the drivability of a vehicle having a reciprocating piston engine according to the invention is felt by filling and emptying.

The advantages and features described above for the method according to the first aspect of the invention are correspondingly applicable to the reciprocating piston engine according to the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

In an advantageous embodiment of the reciprocating piston engine according to the invention, which has a hydraulically adjustable link of length for adjusting the compression ratio epsilon and a piston cooling device, the piston cooling device is designed such that the link is also coated with a cooling medium, in particular a hydraulic medium and/or a lubricating medium.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the reciprocating piston engine according to the invention, the piston cooling device has at least one nozzle which is directed toward at least one section of the range of motion of the connecting rod.

Drawings

Further advantages and features are obtained from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a length-adjustable link in the sense of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the adjustable-length linkage of FIG. 1 in a plurality of different switching positions;

Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a reciprocating piston engine according to the invention;

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a reciprocating piston engine according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a length-adjustable connecting rod 1, as it can be used in a reciprocating piston engine 10 according to the invention.

The link preferably has a small link hole 6 and a large link hole 7. The small connecting rod bore 6 is connected to the piston 2 via a shaft. The large link bore 7 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 3 in which the piston 2 is movably arranged. The piston 2 divides the hydraulic cylinder 3 into two working chambers 4, 5. The second working chamber 5 is preferably closed off to the outside by a bushing 8. The filling and emptying of the first working chamber 4 with hydraulic medium is preferably carried out via a line 9b, in particular a hydraulic line, which preferably opens into the large linkage bore. The second working chamber 5 is preferably filled and emptied via a further duct 9 a. This further duct 9a preferably also opens into the large linkage bore.

The conduits 9a, 9b are preferably supplied with hydraulic medium via a crankshaft of a reciprocating piston engine, not shown. In this case, the change in position of the piston 2 in the hydraulic cylinder 3 can be effected, for example, via different pressures exerted by the hydraulic medium on the conduits 9a, 9 b. Preferably, in addition or alternatively: switching means are provided in the coupling rod 1 for switching the inflow and/or outflow into and/or from the working chambers 4, 5. This switching element can also be operated by means of different pressures provided by the hydraulic medium and/or electromagnetically and/or mechanically.

However, the length-adjustable linkage 1 in the sense of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in fig. 1. In particular, the piston can also be a so-called rotary piston, which prevents or enables a length adjustment of the connecting rod by means of a locking element and/or a threaded spindle. Furthermore, the piston-associated hydraulic cylinder can also be designed to change the position of the eccentrically arranged small link hole 6, so that the effective link length, i.e. the distance between the center of the large link hole 7 and the center of the small link hole 6, can be changed.

FIG. 2 illustrates two switch positions of the adjustable length linkage shown in FIG. 1. In the short first switching position, the first working chamber 4 is completely emptied and/or the second working chamber 5 is completely filled. In the long second switching position II, the first working chamber 4 is completely filled and/or the second working chamber 5 is completely emptied. The at least two switching positions I, II of the link 1 thus correspond to different length states of the adjustable-length link 1. Preferably, during the filling and emptying according to the invention, length-adjustable linkage 1 moves from switching state I into second switching state II and back into first switching state I. Alternatively, the link 1 passes from the second switching state II into the first switching state I and back into the second switching state II. In this case it is preferred that: the working chambers 4, 5 are completely emptied and filled, respectively, and further preferably these working chambers are only partly emptied and filled. Further preferably, only one of the working chambers 4, 5, respectively, is at least partially filled and emptied.

Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of a reciprocating piston engine 10 according to the invention. It has two cylinders 14a, 14b, each with an adjustable-length connecting rod 1a and 1b, which, together with the reciprocating pistons, each delimit a combustion chamber in the cylinder. The length-adjustable connecting rods 1a, 1b each connect the reciprocating piston of the cylinders 14a, 14b to the crankshaft 15.

Furthermore, the reciprocating piston engine 10 has a control system 11, which controls the filling and emptying of at least one of the working chambers 4, 5 of the adjustable-length connecting rods 1a, 1b via a line 16, which is preferably guided by a crankshaft 15. In this case, the respective working chambers 4, 5 of the adjustable-length coupling rods 1a, 1b can be supplied by means of a common hydraulic line 16 or separate hydraulic lines.

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a reciprocating piston engine 10 according to the invention. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment of a reciprocating piston engine 10 according to the invention shown in fig. 3, the second exemplary embodiment has a cooling device 12, which makes it possible to spray the length-adjustable connecting rods 1a, 1b of the cylinders 14a, 14b with a cooling medium, in particular a hydraulic medium.

For this purpose, the cooling device 12, which is preferably integrated in the piston cooling device, preferably has spray nozzles which produce spray cones 13a, 13B which spray the links 1a, 1B with adjustable length in at least one section of their range of motion B. With regard to the second cylinder 14b, the range of movement of the second adjustable-length link 1b is depicted by means of dashed lines and its axial extension relative to the second cylinder 14b is depicted by means of arc brackets. As an alternative to the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the reciprocating piston engine according to the invention may additionally have means 11 for carrying out at least partial filling and emptying 11. This alternative corresponds to the solution shown in fig. 3 with the cooling device 12 shown in fig. 4.