阅读说明：本技术 一种多坐标拟合的定位装置及测量方法 (Multi-coordinate fitting positioning device and measuring method ) 是由 赵安安 郭峰 吴远东 赵成 闫喜强 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种多坐标拟合的定位装置及测量方法,利用工装坐标系为初始定位坐标系,通过定位装置、球头、定位销及测量头的测量方式,将产品坐标系和设备坐标系统一起来,直接将带曲面的被加工工件纳入到工装坐标系里,通过拟合坐标系完成曲面产品的数控加工。利用定位装置可沿A/C向旋转的功能来弥补定位孔与坐标系之间的夹角,保证定位销在穿过定位孔后,垂直插入定位装置顶端的定位基座内。可根据飞机机翼、机身等大部件的曲面分步进行加工,节省了由传统产品定位和找正带来的时间上的浪费,提高数字化加工的能力和效率。可直接推广至其它行业曲面产品的数控加工领域中去。(The invention provides a positioning device and a measuring method for multi-coordinate fitting, which utilize a tool coordinate system as an initial positioning coordinate system, combine a product coordinate system and an equipment coordinate system through the measuring modes of a positioning device, a ball head, a positioning pin and a measuring head, directly bring a workpiece to be machined with a curved surface into the tool coordinate system, and finish numerical control machining of a curved surface product through a fitting coordinate system. The positioning device can rotate along the A/C direction to make up an included angle between the positioning hole and a coordinate system, and the positioning pin is guaranteed to be vertically inserted into the positioning base at the top end of the positioning device after penetrating through the positioning hole. The method can process the curved surfaces of large parts such as wings and fuselage of the airplane step by step, thereby saving the time waste caused by the positioning and alignment of the traditional products and improving the digital processing capacity and efficiency. Can be directly popularized in the field of numerical control processing of curved surface products in other industries.)

1. A multi-coordinate fitting positioning device is characterized by comprising a base, a rotating seat, an angle base, an angle instrument and a positioning base, wherein the base is a circular rigid body, scales are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the outer surface of the base, the rotating seat is positioned at the upper end of the base, the scales are uniformly distributed at the lower end of the outer surface of the rotating seat, the rotating seat can rotate 360 degrees around the center of the base, the angle rotating along the C direction can be read through the scales distributed on the surfaces, the angle base is fixed at the upper end of the rotating seat and is a concave rigid body, fan-shaped grooves are formed in two sides of the middle of the angle base, scales with angles of +/-30 degrees are respectively carved on fan-shaped surfaces of the grooves, a through shaft penetrates through the upper end of the angle base, the angle instrument is a fan-shaped rigid body distributed with 60 degrees, the angle instrument is concentric with the shaft of the angle base, and the angle instrument can rotate within +/-30 degrees around the shaft on the angle base, a positioning base is fixed on the top of the angle gauge, and a groove for fixing the measuring ball head is formed in the center of the positioning base.

2. A measuring method of multi-coordinate fitting is characterized in that the multi-coordinate fitting positioning device, the flexible clamping tool and the measuring equipment in claim 1 are used for measuring, fitting and positioning the datum point of a workpiece, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: mounting a measuring head at the tail end of the measuring equipment;

the second step is that: fixing a positioning device at a tool datum point of a flexible clamping tool, and fixing a measuring ball head at the top end of the positioning device;

the third step: positioning devices are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the two reference holes of the processed workpiece, and positioning pins penetrate through the reference holes of the workpiece to be fixed with the positioning devices by utilizing the two reference holes of the processed workpiece;

the fourth step: the measuring equipment measures the measuring ball head and fits the position of the center of the ball of the measuring ball head to be used as the original point of a tool coordinate system, the bottom surface of the flexible clamping tool is used as an XY plane of the tool coordinate system, the connecting line direction of two reference holes on the workpiece is used as the X direction, and the tool coordinate system is established;

the fifth step: fitting the equipment coordinate system and the tool coordinate system, and taking the original point of the tool coordinate system as the original point of the equipment coordinate system;

the fifth step: measuring the coordinate position of the axis point of the positioning pin at the equal-height positions on the two reference holes of the processed workpiece by using measuring equipment to obtain the coordinate position of the positioning pin in a tool coordinate system;

and a sixth step: and comparing the measured values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system with theoretical values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system to obtain the position deviation of the reference holes.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the measuring device comprises a measuring head, a processing end and a gantry processing device, the measuring head is fixed on the lower top end of the processing end, and the processing end moves freely with the gantry processing device within the processing range of the device.

4. The measuring method of claim 2, wherein the flexible clamping fixture comprises a plurality of sets of lattice lifting positioning columns, a positioning base table and a fixture origin of coordinates reference hole, the positioning base table is used as a fixed reference of the flexible clamping fixture and fixed on the ground, the fixture origin of coordinates reference hole is set at the front end of the fixture and used as a theoretical reference hole of the flexible clamping fixture, and the plurality of sets of lifting positioning columns are distributed at the upper end of the positioning base table and distributed in a lattice manner.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aircraft part and component manufacturing in the aviation manufacturing industry, in particular to a positioning device and a measuring method for processing curved surface skin parts and components of an aircraft body.

Background

The function of the aircraft skin is to maintain the appearance of the aircraft, so that the aircraft has good aerodynamic characteristics. After the skin of the airplane bears the aerodynamic action, the acting force is transmitted to the wing framework of the connected airplane body, the stress is complex, and the skin is directly contacted with the outside, so that the skin material is required to have high strength, good plasticity, smooth surface and higher corrosion resistance.

The aircraft skin part has the characteristics of high shape precision and unequal thickness of sections, and comprises the structural characteristics of surfaces, subsidence, through windows, holes and the like. Because the aircraft skin part has a large structure and a thin complex wall, the problems of complex operation process, poor positioning precision, easy deformation in processing and the like exist in the processing process, and the requirements of the manufacturing process cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a positioning device and a measuring method for processing an aircraft skin part. The method ensures that the flexible clamping tool, the skin part and the processing equipment are subjected to multi-coordinate zero-point fitting in the aircraft skin processing and manufacturing process, and the skin part is accurately processed.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a multi-coordinate fitting positioning device comprises a base, a rotary seat, an angle base, an angle instrument and a positioning base, wherein the base is a circular rigid body, scales are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the outer surface of the base, the rotary seat is positioned at the upper end of the base, the scales are uniformly distributed at the lower end of the outer surface of the rotary seat, the rotary seat can rotate 360 degrees around the center of the base, the angle rotating along the C direction can be read through the scales distributed on the surface, the angle base is fixed at the upper end of the rotary seat, the angle base is a concave rigid body, fan-shaped grooves are formed in two sides of the middle of the angle base, scales with angles of +/-30 degrees are respectively carved on fan-shaped surfaces of the grooves, a through shaft penetrates through the upper end of the angle base, the angle instrument is a fan-shaped rigid body distributed with scales of 60 degrees, the angle instrument is concentric with a shaft at the upper end of the angle base, the angle instrument can rotate in +/-30 degrees around the shaft on the angle base, the positioning base is fixed at the top of the angle instrument, the center of the positioning base is provided with a groove for fixing the measuring ball head.

And measuring the datum point of the processed workpiece by using a positioning device, a flexible clamping tool and measuring equipment, wherein the measuring equipment comprises a measuring head, a processing tail end and gantry processing equipment, the measuring head is fixed on the lower top end of the processing tail end, and the processing tail end moves randomly along with the gantry processing equipment within the processing range of the equipment. The flexible clamping tool comprises a plurality of groups of dot matrix lifting positioning columns, a positioning base platform and a tool coordinate origin reference hole, the positioning base platform is fixed on the ground as a fixed reference of the flexible clamping tool, the tool coordinate origin reference hole is set at the front end of the flexible clamping tool and serves as a theoretical reference hole of the flexible clamping tool, and the plurality of groups of lifting positioning columns are distributed at the upper end of the positioning base platform and distributed in a dot matrix manner.

The specific steps of the measurement comprise:

the first step is as follows: mounting a measuring head at the tail end of the measuring equipment;

the second step is that: fixing a positioning device at a tool datum point of a flexible clamping tool, and fixing a measuring ball head at the top end of the positioning device;

the third step: positioning devices are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the two reference holes of the processed workpiece, and positioning pins penetrate through the reference holes of the workpiece to be fixed with the positioning devices by utilizing the two reference holes of the processed workpiece;

the fourth step: the measuring equipment measures the measuring ball head and fits the position of the center of the ball of the measuring ball head to be used as the original point of a tool coordinate system, the bottom surface of the flexible clamping tool is used as an XY plane of the tool coordinate system, the connecting line direction of two reference holes on the workpiece is used as the X direction, and the tool coordinate system is established;

the fifth step: fitting the equipment coordinate system and the tool coordinate system, and taking the original point of the tool coordinate system as the original point of the equipment coordinate system;

the fifth step: measuring the coordinate position of the axis point of the positioning pin at the equal-height positions on the two reference holes of the processed workpiece by using measuring equipment to obtain the coordinate position of the positioning pin in a tool coordinate system;

and a sixth step: and comparing the measured values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system with theoretical values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system to obtain the position deviation of the reference holes.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a positioning device and a method for multi-coordinate fitting, which utilize a tool coordinate system as an initial positioning coordinate system, combine a product coordinate system and an equipment coordinate system through a measurement mode of a positioning device, a ball head, a positioning pin and a measuring head, and directly bring a processed workpiece with a curved surface into the tool coordinate system. After three-party coordinate systems are fused, the curved surface workpiece is directly processed in a numerical control processing mode, the embarrassment that the curved surface product cannot be directly positioned by traditional workpiece clamping and positioning is avoided, and the numerical control processing of the curved surface product is completed through a fitting coordinate system. The method can process the curved surfaces of large parts such as wings and fuselage of the airplane step by step, thereby saving the time waste caused by the positioning and alignment of the traditional products and improving the digital processing capacity and efficiency. Can be directly popularized in the field of numerical control processing of curved surface products in other industries.

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a positioning device

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-coordinate fitting positioning device for measurement and fitting positioning

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flexible clamping tool

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1, a base; 2, rotating the base; 3, an angle base; 4, an angle gauge; 5, positioning a base; 6, a positioning device; 7, measuring a ball head; 8, positioning pins; 9 a measuring device; 10, flexibly clamping a tool; 11 a measuring head; 12 processing the tail end; 13 gantry machining equipment; 14 lifting and lowering the positioning column; 15 positioning the foundation bed; 16 tooling coordinate origin datum holes; 17 to be processed.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention is a positioning device and a measuring method of multi-coordinate fitting.

The positioning device comprises a base 1, a rotating seat 2, an angle base 3, an angle instrument 4 and a positioning base 5, wherein the base 1 is a circular rigid body, the upper end of the outer surface of the base is uniformly distributed with scales, the rotating seat 2 is positioned at the upper end of the base 1, the lower end of the outer surface of the base is uniformly distributed with scales, the rotating seat 2 can rotate 360 degrees around the center of the base, the angle rotating along the C direction can be read through the scales distributed on the surface, the upper end of the rotating seat 2 is fixed with the angle base 3, the angle base 3 is a concave rigid body, fan-shaped grooves are arranged at two sides of the middle of the angle base 3, the scales of +/-30 degrees are respectively carved on the fan-shaped surfaces of the grooves, a through shaft penetrates through the upper end of the angle base 3, the angle instrument 4 is a fan-shaped rigid body distributed with 60 degrees of scales, the angle instrument 4 is concentric with the shaft at the upper end of the angle base 3, the angle instrument 4 can rotate in +/-30 degrees around the shaft on the angle base 3, a positioning base 5 is fixed on the top of the angle gauge 4, and a groove for fixing a measuring ball head is formed in the center of the positioning base 5.

The datum point of a workpiece 17 to be processed is measured by using the positioning device 6, the flexible clamping tool 10 and the measuring equipment 9, wherein the measuring equipment 9 comprises a measuring head 11, a processing tail end 12 and gantry processing equipment 13, the measuring head 11 is fixed on the lower top end of the processing tail end 12, and the processing tail end 12 moves randomly along with the gantry processing equipment 13 in the equipment processing range.

The flexible clamping tool 10 comprises a plurality of groups of dot matrix lifting positioning columns 14, a positioning base table 15 and a tool coordinate origin reference hole 16, the positioning base table 15 is used as a fixed reference of the flexible clamping tool and is fixed on the ground, the tool coordinate origin reference hole 16 is set at the front end of the flexible clamping tool and is used as a theoretical reference hole of the flexible clamping tool 10, and the plurality of groups of lifting positioning columns 14 are distributed at the upper end of the positioning base table 15 and are distributed in a dot matrix manner.

The specific steps of the measurement comprise:

the first step is as follows: a measuring head 11 is arranged at the tail end of the measuring equipment 9;

the second step is that: fixing a positioning device 6 at the position of a tool datum point of a flexible clamping tool 10, and fixing a measuring ball head 7 at the top end of the positioning device 6;

the third step: the lower ends of the two reference holes of the processed workpiece are respectively provided with a positioning device 6, and the two reference holes of the processed workpiece are utilized and fixed with the positioning device 6 by a positioning pin 8 penetrating through the reference holes of the workpiece;

the fourth step: the measuring device 9 measures the measuring ball head 7 and fits the position of the center of the ball as the original point of a tool coordinate system, the bottom surface of the flexible clamping tool 10 is used as the XY plane of the tool coordinate system, the connecting line direction of two reference holes on the workpiece is used as the X direction, and the tool coordinate system is established;

the fifth step: fitting the equipment coordinate system and the tool coordinate system, and taking the original point of the tool coordinate system as the original point of the equipment coordinate system;

the fifth step: the measuring equipment 9 measures the coordinate positions of the axis points of the positioning pins 8 at the equal-height positions on the two reference holes of the processed workpiece 17 to obtain the coordinate positions of the positioning pins in the tool coordinate system;

and a sixth step: and comparing the measured values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system with theoretical values of the two reference holes in the tool coordinate system to obtain the position deviation of the reference holes.

The invention utilizes a tool coordinate system as an initial positioning coordinate system, combines a product coordinate system and an equipment coordinate system through a measuring mode of a positioning device, a ball head, a positioning pin and a measuring head, directly brings a processed workpiece with a curved surface into the tool coordinate system, the position of a positioning hole of the processed workpiece with the curved surface generally forms a certain included angle with the tool coordinate system, and utilizes the function that the positioning device can rotate along the A/C direction to make up the included angle between the positioning hole and the coordinate system, thereby ensuring that the positioning pin is vertically inserted into a positioning base at the top end of the positioning device after passing through the positioning hole.