阅读说明：本技术 激光冲击强化与机械抛光相结合的表面强化装置及方法 (Surface strengthening device and method combining laser shock strengthening and mechanical polishing ) 是由 郭伟 张永鑫 薛俊良 戴为 肖军 张宏强 朱颖 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了激光冲击强化与机械抛光相结合的表面强化装置及方法,激光冲击强化设备和机械抛光设备相对安装,且均位于机械臂的伸缩范围之内；水循环组件与激光冲击强化设备安装在同一侧；激光冲击强化设备在水循环组件的配合下,用于对工件进行冲击强化操作；对工件激光冲击强化后,当需要对工件进行机械抛光时,机械臂用于装夹工件在激光冲击强化设备、机械抛光设备的工位之间移动,并带动工件完成位置调整与旋转动作。该装置将激光冲击强化工位与机械抛光工位集成在一起,通过机械臂实现工件的移动；在激光冲击强化后对工件表面进行机械抛光的微量加工,即可以较好的保留残余压应力层,又可以获得良好的表面质量。(The invention discloses a surface strengthening device and a surface strengthening method combining laser shock strengthening and mechanical polishing, wherein laser shock strengthening equipment and mechanical polishing equipment are oppositely arranged and are positioned in the telescopic range of a mechanical arm; the water circulation component and the laser shock peening equipment are arranged on the same side; the laser shock peening equipment is used for carrying out shock peening operation on the workpiece under the cooperation of the water circulation component; after the workpiece is subjected to laser shock strengthening, when the workpiece needs to be mechanically polished, the mechanical arm is used for clamping the workpiece to move between stations of laser shock strengthening equipment and mechanical polishing equipment and driving the workpiece to complete position adjustment and rotation actions. The device integrates a laser shock strengthening station and a mechanical polishing station together, and realizes the movement of a workpiece through a mechanical arm; after laser shock strengthening, the surface of the workpiece is subjected to micro-machining of mechanical polishing, so that the residual compressive stress layer can be well reserved, and good surface quality can be obtained.)

1. Laser shock peening and mechanical polishing combined surface strengthening device, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a mechanical arm, laser shock strengthening equipment, mechanical polishing equipment and a water circulation component;

the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment are oppositely arranged and are both positioned in the telescopic range of the mechanical arm; the water circulation assembly and the laser shock peening equipment are arranged on the same side;

the laser shock peening equipment is used for carrying out shock peening operation on the workpiece under the cooperation of the water circulation component;

the mechanical polishing equipment is used for carrying out mechanical polishing operation on the workpiece;

after the laser shock peening of the workpiece is performed, when the workpiece needs to be mechanically polished, the mechanical arm is used for clamping the workpiece to move between stations of the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment and driving the workpiece to complete position adjustment and rotation actions.

2. The surface-enhancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser shock-enhancing device comprises: a laser, a planar mirror assembly and a focusing lens;

the laser is used for emitting pulse laser, the direction of the pulse laser is changed through the plane mirror assembly on a light path, and the laser is focused on the surface of the workpiece through the focusing lens.

3. The surface-enhancing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the laser is a solid type Nd: YAG pulse laser.

4. The surface-enhancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water circulation assembly comprises a water pump, a pipe, a nozzle, and a water tank;

the water pump is used for conveying the cooling water in the water tank to the spray head through the pipeline;

and in the laser shock strengthening process of the workpiece, the spray head sprays cooling water to uniformly spread on the surface of the workpiece.

5. The surface-enhancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mechanical polishing device comprises: a polishing machine and a bracket; the polishing machine is mounted on the bracket; and the polishing station of the polishing machine is positioned in the telescopic range of the mechanical arm.

6. The surface-enhancing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a control terminal; and the control terminal is in control connection with the mechanical arm.

7. The device for surface enhancement by combination of laser shock peening and mechanical polishing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the control terminal is in control connection with the laser shock peening apparatus, the mechanical polishing apparatus and/or the water circulation component.

8. A method for surface strengthening by combination of laser shock peening and mechanical polishing, wherein the surface strengthening device for combination of laser shock peening and mechanical polishing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the steps of:

s1: preprocessing a workpiece before processing, and clamping the workpiece on a mechanical arm;

s2: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of laser shock peening equipment for laser shock peening;

s3: after the laser shock strengthening is finished, removing the absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece, and cleaning the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol;

s4: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of mechanical polishing equipment;

s5: starting the mechanical polishing equipment, and enabling the workpiece to be in contact with the mechanical polishing equipment under the driving of the mechanical arm and finish moving and rotating to realize surface polishing treatment of the workpiece;

s6: and after polishing, taking down the workpiece and checking the surface quality.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step S1 of pre-treating the workpiece before machining comprises:

cleaning the workpiece by using alcohol with the concentration of more than 75%, drying, and then adhering an aluminum foil or black adhesive tape absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step S2, after the workpiece is transported to the laser shock peening apparatus, the water pump of the water circulation assembly is turned on to circulate cooling water, so as to uniformly spread the water layer on the surface of the workpiece.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser shock peening, in particular to a surface strengthening device and method combining laser shock peening and mechanical polishing.

Background

Fatigue fracture is prone to occur at stress levels below the yield strength when the material or structure is subjected to alternating loads. Laser shock peening, as an advanced surface modification technology, can cause a high strain rate plastic deformation to occur on a near-surface layer of a material, and induce a hardened layer and compressive residual stress, so that the fatigue life of the material is prolonged, and the laser shock peening is widely applied to the field of anti-fatigue manufacturing. However, under the action of high-energy shock waves (GPa level), the shapes of pits and holes are generated on the surface of the material, the surface roughness is increased, the generation of fatigue cracks is possibly adversely affected, and meanwhile, the manufacturing precision of the workpiece is affected by the laser shock strengthening process, so that the service performance of the workpiece is reduced.

The mechanical polishing can obtain good workpiece precision and surface roughness, and can effectively solve the problems.

Therefore, how to perfectly combine the two to provide a device for micro-machining of mechanical polishing on the workpiece surface after laser shock peening is a problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a surface strengthening device and a surface strengthening method combining laser shock strengthening and mechanical polishing aiming at the problems, wherein the device integrates a laser shock strengthening station and a mechanical polishing station together and realizes the movement of a workpiece through a mechanical arm; after laser shock peening, the surface of the workpiece is subjected to micro-machining of mechanical polishing, so that the residual compressive stress layer can be well reserved, and good surface quality can be obtained, so that the laser shock peening technology is promoted to be more widely applied in the production and manufacturing process.

In order to achieve the above object, on one hand, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: laser shock peening and mechanical polishing combined surface strengthening device includes: the device comprises a mechanical arm, laser shock strengthening equipment, mechanical polishing equipment and a water circulation component;

the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment are oppositely arranged and are both positioned in the telescopic range of the mechanical arm; the water circulation assembly and the laser shock peening equipment are arranged on the same side;

the laser shock peening equipment is used for carrying out shock peening operation on the workpiece under the cooperation of the water circulation component;

the mechanical polishing equipment is used for carrying out mechanical polishing operation on the workpiece;

after the laser shock peening of the workpiece is performed, when the workpiece needs to be mechanically polished, the mechanical arm is used for clamping the workpiece to move between stations of the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment and driving the workpiece to complete position adjustment and rotation actions.

Further, the laser shock peening apparatus includes: a laser, a planar mirror assembly and a focusing lens;

the laser is used for emitting pulse laser, the direction of the pulse laser is changed through the plane mirror assembly on a light path, and the laser is focused on the surface of the workpiece through the focusing lens.

Further, the laser is a solid type Nd: YAG pulse laser.

Further, the water circulation assembly comprises a water pump, a pipeline, a spray head and a water tank;

the water pump is used for conveying the cooling water in the water tank to the spray head through the pipeline;

and in the laser shock strengthening process of the workpiece, the spray head sprays cooling water to uniformly spread on the surface of the workpiece.

Further, the mechanical polishing apparatus includes: a polishing machine and a bracket; the polishing machine is mounted on the bracket; and the polishing station of the polishing machine is positioned in the telescopic range of the mechanical arm.

Further, still include: a control terminal; and the control terminal is in control connection with the mechanical arm.

Further, the control terminal is in control connection with the laser shock peening equipment, the mechanical polishing equipment and/or the water circulation assembly.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a surface strengthening method combining laser shock peening and mechanical polishing, where a surface strengthening apparatus combining laser shock peening and mechanical polishing as described in any of the above embodiments is used, and the method includes:

s1: preprocessing a workpiece before processing, and clamping the workpiece on a mechanical arm;

s2: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of laser shock peening equipment for laser shock peening;

s3: after the laser shock strengthening is finished, removing the absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece, and cleaning the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol;

s4: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of mechanical polishing equipment;

s5: starting the mechanical polishing equipment, and enabling the workpiece to be in contact with the mechanical polishing equipment under the driving of the mechanical arm and finish moving and rotating to realize surface polishing treatment of the workpiece;

s6: and after polishing, taking down the workpiece and checking the surface quality.

Further, in step S1, the pre-processing of the workpiece before the machining includes:

cleaning the workpiece by using alcohol with the concentration of more than 75%, drying, and then adhering an aluminum foil or black adhesive tape absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece.

Further, in step S2, after the workpiece is transported to the station of the laser shock peening apparatus, the water pump of the water circulation assembly is turned on to circulate the cooling water, so as to uniformly spread the water layer on the surface of the workpiece.

Further, the process parameter ranges adopted by the laser shock peening are as follows: the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 15ns, the laser energy is 1-10J, the repetition frequency is 1-5Hz, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the spot overlapping rate is 50%.

And further, polishing parameters are selected according to the specified roughness requirement of the surface of the workpiece, the moving track of the mechanical arm is controlled through the control terminal, and the spatial position of the workpiece is accurately regulated and controlled.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the laser shock peening and mechanical polishing combined surface strengthening device integrates a laser shock strengthening station and a mechanical polishing station together, and realizes the movement of a workpiece between the two stations through a mechanical arm; after laser shock peening, the surface of the workpiece is subjected to micro-machining of mechanical polishing, so that the residual compressive stress layer can be well reserved, and good surface quality can be obtained, so that the laser shock peening technology is promoted to be more widely applied in the production and manufacturing process.

2. The method realizes the automation of the process of laser shock-mechanical polishing, has higher stability, better meets the requirements of industrial manufacture, can be widely applied to the processing of various parts, has very important significance to the popularization and application of the laser shock strengthening technology, and has wide industrialized application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a laser shock peening apparatus combined with mechanical polishing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for surface strengthening by combination of laser shock peening and mechanical polishing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the drawings:

1. a mechanical arm; 2. a clamp; 3. a workpiece; 4. a spray head; 5. a focusing lens; 6. a planar mirror assembly; 7. a laser; 8. a pipeline; 9. a water pump; 10. a water tank; 11. an absorbing layer; 12. a support; 13. polishing the machine; 14. and controlling the terminal.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

the invention provides a surface strengthening device combining laser shock strengthening and mechanical polishing, which comprises: the device comprises a mechanical arm 1, laser shock strengthening equipment, mechanical polishing equipment and a water circulation assembly;

as shown in fig. 1, the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment are installed oppositely and are both located within the telescopic range of the mechanical arm 1; the water circulation component and the laser shock peening equipment are arranged on the same side; the laser shock peening equipment is used for carrying out shock peening operation on the workpiece under the cooperation of the water circulation component; the mechanical polishing equipment is used for performing mechanical polishing operation on the workpiece;

after the laser shock peening of the workpiece is performed, when the workpiece needs to be mechanically polished, the mechanical arm 1 is used for clamping the workpiece to move between stations of the laser shock peening equipment and the mechanical polishing equipment and driving the workpiece to complete position adjustment and rotation actions.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a robot arm 1 is used to fix a workpiece 3 by a jig 2, and an aluminum foil or black tape absorbing layer 11 is attached to the surface of the workpiece 3 before laser shock. The absorption layer 11 has two functions: firstly, the workpiece is protected from being burnt by laser, and secondly, the absorption of laser energy is enhanced.

The laser and optical assembly includes a laser 7, a flat mirror assembly 6 and a focusing lens 5. The laser 7 is used for emitting pulse laser, changes the direction of the pulse laser through the plane mirror assembly 6 on the light path, and focuses the laser on the surface of the workpiece through the focusing lens 5.

The laser 7 is a solid type Nd: YAG pulse laser, can be according to the demand, for example the process parameter is: the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 15ns, the laser energy is 1-10J, the repetition frequency is 1-5Hz, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the spot overlapping rate is 50%.

Further, the water circulation assembly includes a water pump 9, a pipe 8, a spray head 4, and a water tank 10. The water pump 9 is used for conveying cooling water in the water tank 10 to the spray head 4 through the pipeline 8, and the spray head 4 can enable the cooling water to be uniformly spread on the surface of the workpiece.

Further, the above mechanical polishing apparatus includes a polishing machine 13 and a carrier 12. The polishing machine 13 is mounted on the stand 12 and within reach of the robot arm 1.

In this embodiment, the robot arm 1 may be controlled by the control terminal 14. Polishing parameters are selected according to the specified roughness requirement of the surface of the workpiece, the moving track of the mechanical arm is controlled through the control terminal 14, and the spatial position of the workpiece is accurately regulated and controlled. The control terminal can be a PLC controller or an industrial control computer, for example.

In order to further improve the automation, the control terminal can also be respectively connected with the laser shock peening equipment, the mechanical polishing equipment and/or the water circulation assembly in a control mode, so that the complete automation is realized.

When a PLC controller is adopted, the PLC controller can load the control instructions of the laser shock peening equipment, the mechanical polishing equipment and the water circulation component into an internal memory for storage and execution.

In the embodiment, the laser shock peening station and the mechanical polishing station are integrated, and the workpiece is moved between the two stations through the mechanical arm; after laser shock peening, the surface of the workpiece is subjected to micro-machining of mechanical polishing, so that the residual compressive stress layer can be well reserved, and good surface quality can be obtained, so that the laser shock peening technology is promoted to be more widely applied in the production and manufacturing process. The control terminal can realize the control automation of laser shock (cooling water opening), mechanical polishing and mechanical arm, better meets the requirements of industrial manufacture, can be widely applied to the processing of various parts, has very important significance to the popularization and application of laser shock strengthening technology, and has wide industrial application prospect.

Example 2:

the embodiment of the invention also provides a surface strengthening method combining laser shock strengthening and mechanical polishing, which can realize the automation of the laser shock and mechanical polishing processes, can improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the workpiece and has higher stability.

Referring to fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:

s1: preprocessing a workpiece before processing, and clamping the workpiece on a mechanical arm;

s2: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of laser shock peening equipment for laser shock peening;

s3: after the laser shock strengthening is finished, removing the absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece, and cleaning the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol;

s4: adjusting the mechanical arm, and conveying the workpiece to a station of mechanical polishing equipment;

s5: and starting the mechanical polishing equipment, and enabling the workpiece to be in contact with the mechanical polishing equipment under the driving of the mechanical arm and finish moving and rotating to realize the surface polishing treatment of the workpiece.

S6: and after polishing, taking down the workpiece and checking the surface quality.

Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes: cleaning the workpiece with alcohol with concentration of more than 75% and drying, and then adhering an aluminum foil or black adhesive tape absorption layer 11 on the surface.

Preferably, in step S2, after the robot arm 1 moves to the laser shock peening station, the water pump 9 is turned on to uniformly spread the water layer on the surface of the workpiece 3. In step S2, the laser shock peening process uses the following process parameter ranges: the wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 15ns, the laser energy is 1-10J, the repetition frequency is 1-5Hz, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the spot overlapping rate is 50%.

In step S5, polishing parameters are selected according to the surface roughness requirement of the workpiece 3, and the movement trajectory of the robot arm 1 is controlled by the control terminal 14, so as to precisely control the spatial position of the workpiece.

Compared with the prior art, the laser shock peening station and the mechanical polishing station are integrated together, so that the automation of the laser shock-mechanical polishing process is realized, the stability is high, the industrial manufacturing requirements are well met, the laser shock peening station and the mechanical polishing station can be widely applied to processing of various parts, and the laser shock peening station and the mechanical polishing station have very important significance on popularization and application of a laser shock peening technology and wide industrial application prospects.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.