阅读说明：本技术 文件签写方法及装置、存储介质及电子设备 (File signing and writing method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment ) 是由 吴永辉 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种文件签写方法及装置、存储介质及电子设备,首先确定待签写纸质文件的电子文件,遍历电子文件中需要进行签写的签写区域,并根据每个签写区域的区域属性为该签写区域标记相应的标识字符,并将标记完成的电子文件的文件格式由word格式转换为XML格式后,将电子文件中的文字的颜色由黑色转换为白色,并将标记的标识字符替换为相应的签写项,然后将XML格式的电子文件转换回word格式,进行打印,打印时将电子文件打印值对应的纸质盖章文件中,进而实现了对纸质盖章文件的机器签写,避免了人为签错或笔误的情况,提升了签写效率。(The invention discloses a file signing method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment, wherein an electronic file of a paper file to be signed is determined, signing areas needing to be signed in the electronic file are traversed, corresponding identification characters are marked for the signing areas according to the area attributes of each signing area, the file format of the marked electronic file is converted from a word format to an XML format, the color of characters in the electronic file is converted from black to white, the marked identification characters are replaced by corresponding signing items, the electronic file in the XML format is converted back to the word format for printing, and the paper stamping file corresponding to the printing value of the electronic file is printed during printing, so that machine signing of the paper stamping file is realized, the condition of artificial signing errors or pen errors is avoided, and the signing efficiency is improved.)

1. A file signing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a target electronic file, and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file;

converting the marked file format of the target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

performing whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character;

converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format into a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

and printing the second electronic file in a paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein traversing the target electronic file to determine the respective signature areas of the target electronic file that need to be signed comprises:

sequentially scanning key words representing signing meanings in the target electronic file according to the page sequence of the target electronic file;

and for each scanned keyword, determining a blank area with the center distance from the keyword being less than a preset distance threshold in the target electronic file, and determining the blank area as an endorsement area needing to be endorsed.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein marking, in the target electronic file, an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each of the signature areas according to the area attribute of each of the signature areas comprises:

determining the corresponding context semantics of each signing area in the target electronic file;

determining the region attribute of each signing region according to the corresponding context semantic of each signing region in the target electronic file;

and determining an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area, and marking the determined identification character in the signing area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing each of the identification characters with the corresponding entry of the identification character comprises:

searching a signature item corresponding to each identification character in a preset signature item form; the signing item is handwritten information of a signing main body corresponding to the identification character;

and replacing each identification character with the corresponding signing item.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the printing the second electronic document in a paper stamped document corresponding to the target electronic document to complete signing of the paper stamped document comprises:

determining the page number sequence of the second electronic file; the page sequence of the second electronic file corresponds to the page sequence of the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file one by one;

and printing each page in the second electronic file in the paper page of the paper stamping file corresponding to the page, and completing the signing and writing of the paper stamping file.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

and checking each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

7. A document signing apparatus, comprising:

the system comprises a determining unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein the determining unit is used for determining a target electronic file and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

the marking unit is used for marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file according to the area attribute of each signing area;

the first conversion unit is used for converting the file format of the marked target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

the operation unit is used for carrying out whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file so as to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

the replacing unit is used for replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation;

the second conversion unit is used for converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format to a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

and the printing unit is used for printing the second electronic file in the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file so as to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

and the verification unit is used for verifying each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium comprises stored instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed, a device on which the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the file signing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. An electronic device comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory, bus connected to the processor; the processor and the memory complete mutual communication through a bus; the processor is used for calling the program instructions in the memory to execute the file signing method of any one of claims 1-6.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of finance, in particular to a file signing method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment.

Background

In the financial field, in order to ensure that the rights and interests of two business parties are not damaged in the mutual business transactions, a plurality of business files need to be signed in the business process, and the business files are enabled to take effect by writing corresponding effective information in the business files so as to ensure the smooth operation of the business under the corresponding contractual relationship.

In the process of signing and writing the service files, the signing and writing requirements of some files are high. In the signing process, the written effective information is not allowed to be smeared, so that the whole service file is invalidated under the conditions of wrong signing or writing errors and the like in the signing process, and the signing efficiency of the service file is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing problems, the present invention provides a file signing method and apparatus, a storage medium and an electronic device, which overcome the foregoing problems or at least partially solve the foregoing problems, and the technical solutions are as follows:

a file signing method comprises the following steps:

determining a target electronic file, and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file;

converting the marked file format of the target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

performing whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character;

converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format into a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

and printing the second electronic file in a paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

Optionally, in the method, traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area in the target electronic file that needs to be signed includes:

sequentially scanning key words representing signing meanings in the target electronic file according to the page sequence of the target electronic file;

and for each scanned keyword, determining a blank area with the center distance from the keyword being less than a preset distance threshold in the target electronic file, and determining the blank area as an endorsement area needing to be endorsed.

Optionally, in the method, according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute for each signing area in the target electronic file includes:

determining the corresponding context semantics of each signing area in the target electronic file;

determining the region attribute of each signing region according to the corresponding context semantic of each signing region in the target electronic file;

and determining an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area, and marking the determined identification character in the signing area.

Optionally, the above method, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character, includes:

searching a signature item corresponding to each identification character in a preset signature item form; the signing item is handwritten information of a signing main body corresponding to the identification character;

and replacing each identification character with the corresponding signing item.

Optionally, in the method, the printing the second electronic file in the paper stamped file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete signing of the paper stamped file includes:

determining the page number sequence of the second electronic file; the page sequence of the second electronic file corresponds to the page sequence of the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file one by one;

and printing each page in the second electronic file in the paper page of the paper stamping file corresponding to the page, and completing the signing and writing of the paper stamping file.

The above method, optionally, further includes:

and checking each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

A file signing apparatus comprising:

the system comprises a determining unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein the determining unit is used for determining a target electronic file and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

the marking unit is used for marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file according to the area attribute of each signing area;

the first conversion unit is used for converting the file format of the marked target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

the operation unit is used for carrying out whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file so as to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

the replacing unit is used for replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation;

the second conversion unit is used for converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format to a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

and the printing unit is used for printing the second electronic file in the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file so as to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

The above apparatus, optionally, further comprises:

and the verification unit is used for verifying each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

A storage medium comprises stored instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed, a device where the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the file signing method.

An electronic device comprises at least one processor, at least one memory connected with the processor, and a bus; the processor and the memory complete mutual communication through a bus; the processor is used for calling the program instructions in the memory to execute the file signing method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a file signing method, which comprises the steps of firstly determining an electronic file of a paper file to be signed, traversing signing areas needing to be signed in the electronic file, marking corresponding identification characters for the signing areas according to the area attributes of each signing area, converting the file format of the marked electronic file from a word format to an XML format, converting the color of characters in the electronic file from black to white, replacing the marked identification characters with corresponding signing items, converting the electronic file in the XML format back to the word format for printing, and printing the electronic file in the paper stamping file corresponding to the printing value of the electronic file during printing, so that the machine signing of the paper stamping file is realized, the condition of artificial error or pen error is avoided, and the signing efficiency is improved.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for signing a file according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method of a file signing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method of a file signing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a file signing and writing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a file signing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for a file signing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where an execution process of the method shown in fig. 1 is a feasible implementation scheme of the file signing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the method may be applied to various large system platforms, where an execution subject of the method is a server disposed in the system platform, and the file signing method specifically includes:

s101: determining a target electronic file, and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the paper stamped file needs to be signed, the target electronic file is determined in the system, and the target electronic file is the electronic version file of the paper stamped file.

And traversing the target electronic files one by one according to the page number sequence of the target electronic files, scanning the tail end of the target electronic files line by line from the starting end of the target electronic files in the traversing process, and further determining all signing areas needing to be signed in the target electronic files, wherein each signing area corresponds to an area needing handwritten information in the paper stamping files.

S102: according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, each signing area corresponds to a corresponding area attribute, for example, the semantic information of some signing areas needs personal signing, and the semantic information of some signing areas needs master signing, so that the area attributes of the two signing areas are different.

Meanwhile, some signing areas need to sign names, some signing areas need to sign personal information such as identity information, and the area attributes of the two signing areas are different.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the identification characters corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area are preset. Specifically, if the person name signature is required, the corresponding identification character may be a name character, and if the person name signature is required, for example, the person name signature agrees with a two-character signature, the corresponding identification character may be set differently according to an actual situation.

For name signing, different names may also be assigned with corresponding identification characters, for example, the identification character of zhang three may be name1, and the identification character of lie four may be name 2.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the corresponding identification character is set according to the actual requirement of signing and writing. And marking the set identification character in the corresponding signing area.

S103: converting the marked file format of the target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, if each signing area in the target electronic file is marked with the corresponding identification character, the marked file format of the target electronic file is converted into the XML format from the word format, so that corresponding operation is performed under the XML-format document.

S104: performing whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the first electronic file in the XML format, whitening operation is performed on all character information in the first electronic file, namely, the color of characters in the first electronic file is converted from black to white. In actual operation, if there is a related format line in the paper stamp document, for example, there is a dividing line in the header, the related format line is also whitened during the specific whitening operation. And so on, and are not described in detail herein.

S105: in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, each identification character corresponds to a corresponding signing item, and the signing item is an electronic edition of handwritten information needing to be signed in a paper stamping file, namely after the electronic edition is manually written, the electronic edition is stored in a scanning mode and then directly printed into the paper stamping file in the actual electronic printing process, so that the handwriting error is avoided.

S106: converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format into a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first electronic file in the XML format is converted back to the word format, so that the second electronic file of the corresponding word version is obtained, the part of the signing area in the second electronic file, which is replaced by the signing item, is black, and the colors of the format lines, other characters and the like in the second electronic file are converted into white.

S107: and printing the second electronic file in a paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the second electronic file is printed in the corresponding paper stamping file, namely, the signing item needing to be handwritten is printed at the corresponding position in the paper stamping file in the printing process, so that the signing of the paper stamping file is realized.

The invention provides a file signing method, which comprises the steps of firstly determining an electronic file of a paper file to be signed, traversing signing areas needing to be signed in the electronic file, marking corresponding identification characters for the signing areas according to the area attributes of each signing area, converting the file format of the marked electronic file from a word format to an XML format, converting the color of characters in the electronic file from black to white, replacing the marked identification characters with corresponding signing items, converting the electronic file in the XML format back to the word format for printing, and printing the electronic file in the paper stamping file corresponding to the printing value of the electronic file during printing, so that the machine signing of the paper stamping file is realized, the condition of artificial error or pen error is avoided, and the signing efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 2, a process of traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area that needs to be signed in the target electronic file in the file signing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown, which includes:

s201: sequentially scanning key words representing signing meanings in the target electronic file according to the page sequence of the target electronic file;

s202: and for each scanned keyword, determining a blank area with the center distance from the keyword being less than a preset distance threshold in the target electronic file, and determining the blank area as an endorsement area needing to be endorsed.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, scanning is carried out from the initial position to the tail position of the target electronic file according to the page number sequence of the target electronic file, and the keywords representing the signing meaning in the target electronic file are determined one by one.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the keyword can be a phrase in the paper stamping file, for example, the phrase can be identity card information, personal name or date and the like in personal information.

In an actual paper stamping file, an area behind a keyword representing signing meaning is a signing area, so that in the process of determining the signing area, a blank area with the distance from the center of the keyword being smaller than a preset distance threshold is determined as the signing area needing signing.

Referring to fig. 3, a process of marking, in the file signing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, an identification character corresponding to an area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file according to the area attribute of each signing area includes:

s301: determining the corresponding context semantics of each signing area in the target electronic file;

s302: determining the region attribute of each signing region according to the corresponding context semantic of each signing region in the target electronic file;

s303: and determining an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area, and marking the determined identification character in the signing area.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, according to the area attribute of each signing area, the signing area is marked with the identification character corresponding to the area attribute in the target electronic document, and because a plurality of areas needing signing exist in the same document, objects needing signing in each area can be different, for example, some keyword semantics are customer signatures, some keyword semantics are manager signatures, and some keyword semantics are signature supervisors, so the signing objects in different areas can be different.

Therefore, in the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the area attribute of each signature area is determined according to the context semantic of each signature area, and the area attribute may be an object attribute of a signature object, such as a customer person or a manager. And determining corresponding identification characters according to the corresponding area attributes, and marking the identification characters in the signing area.

Furthermore, in one file, the same user needs to sign identity card information, name information, home address, date information and the like, and the region attributes in different signing regions are different.

In the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, replacing each identifier character with a signature item corresponding to the identifier character includes:

searching a signature item corresponding to each identification character in a preset signature item form; the signing item is handwritten information of a signing main body corresponding to the identification character;

and replacing each identification character with the corresponding signing item.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the printing the second electronic file in the paper stamped file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete signing of the paper stamped file includes:

determining the page number sequence of the second electronic file; the page sequence of the second electronic file corresponds to the page sequence of the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file one by one;

and printing each page in the second electronic file in the paper page of the paper stamping file corresponding to the page, and completing the signing and writing of the paper stamping file.

The method provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps:

and checking each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a file signing and writing device corresponding to a file signing and writing method, where the file signing and writing device is configured to implement an application of the file signing and writing method in practice, and a structure diagram of the file signing and writing device may refer to fig. 4, where the file signing and writing device includes:

a determining unit 401, configured to determine a target electronic file, and traverse the target electronic file to determine each signing area that needs to be signed in the target electronic file;

a marking unit 402, configured to mark, in the target electronic file, an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area according to the area attribute of each signing area;

a first conversion unit 403, configured to convert the file format of the marked target electronic file from a word format to an XML format, and obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

an operation unit 404, configured to perform a whitening operation on all text information in the first electronic file, so as to convert the color of the text in the first electronic file from black to white;

a replacing unit 405, configured to replace, in the first electronic file subjected to the whitening operation, each identifier character with a signature corresponding to the identifier character;

a second converting unit 406, configured to convert the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format to a word format, so as to obtain a second electronic file;

and the printing unit 407 is configured to print the second electronic file in a paper stamped file corresponding to the target electronic file, so as to complete signing of the paper stamped file.

The invention provides a file signing device, which comprises the steps of firstly determining an electronic file of a paper file to be signed, traversing signing areas needing to be signed in the electronic file, marking corresponding identification characters for the signing areas according to the area attributes of each signing area, converting the file format of the marked electronic file from a word format to an XML format, converting the color of characters in the electronic file from black to white, replacing the marked identification characters with corresponding signing items, converting the electronic file in the XML format back to the word format for printing, and printing the electronic file in the paper stamping file corresponding to the printing value of the electronic file during printing, so that the machine signing of the paper stamping file is realized, the condition of artificial wrong signing or pen mistake is avoided, and the signing efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 5, on the basis of fig. 4, the method further includes:

and the verification unit 408 is used for verifying each signing item in the paper stamping file with completed signing.

The file signing device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the determining unit, the marking unit, the first converting unit, the operating unit, the replacing unit, the second converting unit, the printing unit and the verifying unit are all stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions.

The processor comprises a kernel, and the kernel calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more than one kernel can be set, and the signing and writing efficiency of the system is improved by adjusting the kernel parameters to dynamically sign and write the files.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium on which a program is stored, the program implementing the file signing method when executed by a processor.

The embodiment of the invention provides a processor, which is used for running a program, wherein the file signing and writing method is executed when the program runs.

As shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, where the electronic device 50 includes at least one processor 501, at least one memory 502 connected to the processor 501, and a bus 503; the processor 501 and the memory 502 complete communication with each other through the bus 503; the processor 501 is used to call program instructions in the memory 502 to execute the file signing method described above. The device herein may be a server, a PC, a PAD, a mobile phone, etc.

The present application further provides a computer program product adapted to perform a program for initializing the following method steps when executed on a data processing device, comprising:

determining a target electronic file, and traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area needing signing in the target electronic file;

according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area in the target electronic file;

converting the marked file format of the target electronic file from word format to XML format to obtain a first electronic file corresponding to the target electronic file;

performing whitening operation on all character information in the first electronic file to convert the color of characters in the first electronic file from black to white;

in the first electronic file subjected to whitening operation, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character;

converting the file format of the replaced first electronic file from an XML format into a word format to obtain a second electronic file;

and printing the second electronic file in a paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete the signing of the paper stamping file.

Optionally, in the method, traversing the target electronic file to determine each signing area in the target electronic file that needs to be signed includes:

sequentially scanning key words representing signing meanings in the target electronic file according to the page sequence of the target electronic file;

and for each scanned keyword, determining a blank area with the center distance from the keyword being less than a preset distance threshold in the target electronic file, and determining the blank area as an endorsement area needing to be endorsed.

Optionally, in the method, according to the area attribute of each signing area, marking an identification character corresponding to the area attribute for each signing area in the target electronic file includes:

determining the corresponding context semantics of each signing area in the target electronic file;

determining the region attribute of each signing region according to the corresponding context semantic of each signing region in the target electronic file;

and determining an identification character corresponding to the area attribute of each signing area, and marking the determined identification character in the signing area.

Optionally, the above method, replacing each identification character with a signature item corresponding to the identification character, includes:

searching a signature item corresponding to each identification character in a preset signature item form; the signing item is a handwritten signing of a signing main body corresponding to the identification character;

and replacing each identification character with the corresponding signing item.

Optionally, in the method, the printing the second electronic file in the paper stamped file corresponding to the target electronic file to complete signing of the paper stamped file includes:

determining the page number sequence of the second electronic file; the page sequence of the second electronic file corresponds to the page sequence of the paper stamping file corresponding to the target electronic file one by one;

and printing each page in the second electronic file in the paper page of the paper stamping file corresponding to the page, and completing the signing and writing of the paper stamping file.

The above method, optionally, further includes:

and checking each signing item in the paper stamping file which finishes signing.

The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

In a typical configuration, a device includes one or more processors (CPUs), memory, and a bus. The device may also include input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and the like.

The memory may include volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM), and the memory includes at least one memory chip. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.