阅读说明：本技术 一种用于酸化尾矿库的土壤改良剂 (Soil conditioner for acidified tailing pond ) 是由 徐卫娟 任甲泽 陈俊 鲁勇 张尧 王杰 王刚全 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于酸化尾矿库的土壤改良剂,是由以下组份的原料按比例混合而成,原料中各组份的质量百分含量为：碱性调理剂20-40％,有机肥50-70％,凹凸棒土2-10％,碳气凝胶2-10％,微生物菌种2-10％。本发明原料中各组份碱性调理剂、有机肥、凹凸棒土、碳气凝胶、微生物菌种协同作用,不仅持续不断的降低尾矿库的酸化、提高酸化尾矿库土壤的pH值并固化、稳定化重金属、保水保肥,降低尾砂中有效态重金属含量,还增加尾矿库土壤的有机质,有效提升其肥力,有助于尾矿库的生态恢复。同时,本发明亦可应用于其它酸化矿物废弃地的土壤改良及生态恢复工程中。(The invention discloses a soil conditioner for an acidified tailing pond, which is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of alkaline conditioner, 50-70% of organic fertilizer, 2-10% of attapulgite, 2-10% of carbon aerogel and 2-10% of microbial strain. The alkaline conditioner, the organic fertilizer, the attapulgite, the carbon aerogel and the microbial strain in the raw materials have synergistic effect, so that the acidification of a tailing pond is continuously reduced, the pH value of the acidified tailing pond soil is improved, heavy metals are solidified and stabilized, water and fertilizer are preserved, the content of effective heavy metals in tailings is reduced, organic matters in the tailing pond soil are increased, the fertility of the tailing pond is effectively improved, and the ecological restoration of the tailing pond is facilitated. Meanwhile, the invention can also be applied to soil improvement and ecological restoration engineering of other acidified mineral waste lands.)

1. A soil conditioner for an acidified tailing pond is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of alkaline conditioner, 50-70% of organic fertilizer, 2-10% of attapulgite, 2-10% of carbon aerogel and 2-10% of microbial strain.

2. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 1, wherein: the alkaline conditioner is one or more of quicklime powder, hydrated lime powder, dolomite powder, limestone powder, alkaline slag powder and steel slag powder.

3. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 2, wherein: the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the fineness is-100 meshes and the content is more than or equal to 90 percent.

4. A soil amendment for acidified tailings ponds, as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the organic fertilizer is one or more of agricultural production waste, greening maintenance management waste and livestock and poultry manure, and is a harmless fertilizer after composting fermentation, drying and crushing treatment.

5. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 4, wherein: the agricultural production waste is one or a mixture of rice hulls and straws; the greening maintenance management waste is one or a mixture of leaves and grass clippings.

6. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 4, wherein: the attapulgite is powder with the fineness of-200 meshes and the content of more than or equal to 90 percent.

7. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 6, wherein: the carbon aerogel is powder, the average particle size of the carbon aerogel is less than 6 mu m, and the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel is more than 1000m²/g。

8. The soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds of claim 7, wherein: the microbial strains are powder strains, and comprise pseudomonas putida, bacillus subtilis and sulfate reducing bacteria, wherein the mixing ratio of the three strains is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2).

9. The method for acidifying tailings of claim 6The soil conditioner of storehouse, its characterized in that: the agricultural production waste is one or a mixture of rice hulls and straws, and the greening maintenance management waste is one or a mixture of leaves and grass clippings; the carbon aerogel is powder, the average particle size of the carbon aerogel is less than 6 mu m, and the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel is more than 1000m²(ii)/g; the microbial strains are powder strains, and comprise pseudomonas putida, bacillus subtilis and sulfate reducing bacteria, wherein the mixing ratio of the three strains is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2).

10. The soil conditioner for the acidification of a tailing pond as claimed in claim 9, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 28-32% of alkaline conditioner, 55-60% of organic fertilizer, 3-6% of attapulgite, 3-6% of carbon aerogel and 3-6% of microbial strain.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of tailing ponds, in particular to a soil conditioner for ecological restoration of acidified tailing ponds, which can be popularized and applied to ecological restoration projects of acidified dumping yards and acidified waste storage yards.

Background

The tailing pond is a place which is formed by building a dam to intercept a valley opening or enclosing the ground and is used for piling metal or nonmetal mines and discharging tailings or other industrial waste residues after ore sorting. The soil of the tailing pond is often acidified, heavy metal ions exceed the standard, and various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by normal growth of plants are not available, so vegetation cannot grow on the ground of the tailing pond.

Most of tailings ponds in China adopt traditional covering of foreign soil and then ecological restoration, and the method needs to consume a large amount of high-quality foreign soil, is high in engineering cost and is easy to cause acid return. Therefore, the method for improving the tailings pond without covering soil becomes one of the research directions of a plurality of environment-friendly researchers.

The traditional acidified soil conditioner is usually used by acting on acidified soil, but basically has no nutrient components because the components of tailings in a tailing pond are different from those of common soil, and can continuously output acidification because of high sulfur content. Therefore, the existing acidified soil conditioner cannot meet the requirement of soil property improvement of an acidified tailing pond without covering soil.

The current situation of the ecological restoration technology is analyzed according to the acidification mechanism of the tailing waste land and the latest research progress at home and abroad in the 'development of the ecological restoration technology of the acidified tailing waste land published in the 4 th stage of 2019 in the modern mining industry'; the adaptability and the advantages and the disadvantages of various treatment methods such as isolation covering, improvement of a modifier, phytoremediation, a microbiological method and the like in practice are summarized, and successful application cases of an isolation covering-phytoremediation technology and an in-situ improvement-phytoremediation technology in a Reden coal mine and a Yongping copper mine are introduced respectively. The article considers that: aiming at the characteristics of the acidified tailing waste land, a single treatment method has larger limitation, and needs to adopt a combined process for treatment, and the isolation covering-phytoremediation technology and the in-situ improvement-phytoremediation technology are bound to become the main direction of future research due to quick effect, good effect and simple operation. However, both the isolation covering-plant repairing technology and the in-situ improvement-plant repairing technology have the problems of large engineering quantity, long repairing time and the like.

The carbon aerogel belongs to a novel advanced nano carbon material with light weight, multiple holes, amorphous state and nano micropore structure, has a series of excellent characteristics of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, controllable nano microstructure and the like, is a replacement product of traditional and super activated carbon, and is known as a material with the best application prospect in twenty-first century together with materials such as carbon nano tubes, graphene and the like. However, in the past few years, the price is high, and the application is less. Nowadays, with the development of technology, the price of carbon aerogel materials is also reduced, and researchers have used the carbon aerogel materials in water purification and air purification. However, no report about the application of carbon aerogel in soil conditioner for acidifying tailing ponds is found.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of large consumption of high-quality extra soil, high engineering cost, easy occurrence of acid return phenomenon, large engineering quantity, long repair time and the like in the prior art, and provides a soil conditioner for an acidified tailing pond, which can effectively improve the pH value of the soil in the tailing pond, improve the fertility of the soil, reduce the effective state of heavy metals in the tailing pond and be applied to soil-free ecological recovery engineering of the acidified tailing pond.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the soil conditioner for the acidified tailing pond is as follows:

the invention relates to a soil conditioner for an acidified tailing pond, which is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of alkaline conditioner, 50-70% of organic fertilizer, 2-10% of attapulgite, 2-10% of carbon aerogel and 2-10% of microbial strain.

The raw materials preferably comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 28-32% of alkaline conditioner, 55-60% of organic fertilizer, 3-6% of attapulgite, 3-6% of carbon aerogel and 3-6% of microbial strain; the best is as follows: 30 percent of alkaline conditioner, 58 percent of organic fertilizer, 4 percent of attapulgite, 4 percent of carbon aerogel and 4 percent of microbial strain

The alkaline conditioner is used for neutralizing acidification of soil, and preferably is one or more of quicklime powder, slaked lime powder, dolomite powder, limestone powder, caustic sludge powder and steel sludge powder; the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the content of the powder with the fineness of-100 meshes (0.147mm) is more than or equal to 90 percent.

The organic fertilizer is one or more of agricultural production waste, greening maintenance management waste and livestock and poultry manure, and is a harmless fertilizer after composting fermentation, drying and crushing treatment; wherein: the agricultural production waste is one or a mixture of rice hulls and straws; the greening maintenance management waste is one or a mixture of leaves and grass clippings.

The attapulgite is powder with the fineness of-200 meshes (0.075mm) and the content of more than or equal to 90 percent.

The carbon aerogel is powder, the average particle size of the carbon aerogel is less than 6 mu m, and the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel is more than 1000m²/g。

The microbial strains are powder strains, and comprise pseudomonas putida, bacillus subtilis and sulfate reducing bacteria, wherein the mixing ratio of the three strains is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2), preferably 1:2: 2.

Laboratory research and field test research show that the components of the raw materials of the invention, such as the alkaline conditioner, the organic fertilizer, the attapulgite, the carbon aerogel and the microbial strain, have synergistic effect, so that the acidification of a tailing pond is continuously reduced, the pH value of the acidified tailing pond soil is improved, heavy metals are solidified, stabilized, water and fertilizer are preserved, the content of effective heavy metals in tailings is reduced, the organic matters in the tailing pond soil are increased, and the fertility of the tailing pond soil is effectively improved.

Compared with the prior art, the soil conditioner for the acidified tailing pond has the following advantages:

(1) the alkaline conditioner added in the invention adopts alkaline ore or alkaline solid waste, can improve the pH value of the soil of the acidified tailing pond and plays a role in reducing the content of effective heavy metal in the tailing.

(2) The organic fertilizer added in the invention is a harmless fertilizer obtained by composting and fermenting agricultural production waste, greening maintenance management waste, livestock excrement and other waste, can increase organic matters in the soil of the tailing pond, effectively improve the fertility of the soil, provide nutrients required by ecological restoration vegetation growth and promote the propagation of microorganisms in the tailing pond.

(3) The attapulgite added in the invention has the properties of cation exchangeability, water absorption, larger specific surface area and the like, can improve the property of tailings in a tailing pond, adsorb heavy metals in the tailings soil, and reduce the acidification of the tailing pond.

(4) The carbon aerogel added in the invention belongs to a novel front-edge nano carbon material with light weight, multiple holes, amorphous state and nano micropore structure, and the carbon aerogel is applied to the soil conditioner of a tailing pond due to the characteristics of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and the like, can stably solidify heavy metals in tailings for a long time, and has better water and fertilizer retention effects.

(5) The added microorganism strains comprise pseudomonas putida, bacillus subtilis and sulfate reducing bacteria, wherein the pseudomonas putida can reduce the growth and development inhibiting effect of heavy metals and the like on plant seeds; the bacillus subtilis is used as a biological fertilizer to promote vegetation growth; the sulfate reducing bacteria can reduce sulfur oxides such as sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and the like and element sulfur in the tailing pond into hydrogen sulfide, and the acidification of the tailing pond is continuously reduced.

The invention has the advantages of wide raw materials, simple and easy preparation method, easy popularization and wide application prospect.

Detailed Description

To illustrate the present invention, a soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.

For further understanding of the contents of the present invention, the soil conditioner for acidifying tailings ponds according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without any inventive step, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The modifier comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 30 parts of an alkaline conditioner (wherein 20 parts of quicklime powder and 10 parts of dolomite powder), 58 parts of an organic fertilizer (raw materials are straws, grass clippings and chicken manure), 4 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of carbon aerogel and 4 parts of microbial strains.

Example 2

The modifier comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of quicklime powder, 5 parts of steel slag powder, 10 parts of dolomite powder, 60 parts of organic fertilizer (raw materials are straws, grass clippings and chicken manure), 8 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of carbon aerogel and 3 parts of microbial strains.

The invention is already applied in closed reservoir treatment and ecological restoration engineering of a certain metallurgy mine tailing reservoir, the tailings in the tailing reservoir contain sulfides, the pH value of the generated acid water is between 2 and 4, the ecological greening is carried out by applying the soil conditioner and planting plants, and the growth vigor of the plants is good.