阅读说明：本技术 一种cnc加工中心提高加工精度工艺及其辅助设备 (Process for improving machining precision of CNC machining center and auxiliary equipment thereof ) 是由 凌喜乐 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及机械制造领域,具体是一种CNC加工中心提高加工精度工艺及其辅助设备；包括机体、刀具和顶块；所述机体的内部固连有毛坯件；所述机体的内部固连有导轨；所述导轨的内部滑动连接有滑块；所述滑块的内部于毛坯件的顶部位置设有刀具；所述毛坯件的底部位置设有顶块；通过本发明有效的实现了对毛坯件的高精度加工,通过对回转体毛坯件切削过程中,同步对转动状态毛坯件的底部进行支撑,刀具切削过程中,由于对毛坯件产生较大的挤压,支撑作用可以减少毛坯件的变形量,进而提高加工精度,同时通过该工艺,实现了对毛坯件的底部进行同步降温,提高降温效果,进而减少毛坯件的热胀,保证毛坯件的加工精度。(The invention relates to the field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a process for improving the machining precision of a CNC machining center and auxiliary equipment thereof; comprises a machine body, a cutter and a top block; a blank piece is fixedly connected inside the machine body; a guide rail is fixedly connected inside the machine body; a sliding block is connected inside the guide rail in a sliding manner; a cutter is arranged at the top of the blank piece inside the sliding block; a top block is arranged at the bottom of the blank piece; according to the invention, the high-precision machining of the blank is effectively realized, the bottom of the blank in a rotating state is synchronously supported in the cutting process of the blank of the revolving body, and the deformation of the blank can be reduced due to the supporting action of the larger extrusion on the blank in the cutting process of the cutter, so that the machining precision is improved.)

1. The process for improving the machining precision of the CNC machining center is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, a cylindrical blank (4) is placed in a machining center and is fixed by a clamping device in the machining center;

s2: through programming of a control system, the cutter (2) advances according to a programmed set track, when the telescopic rod (8) controls the cutter (2) to eject, the power rod (9) can be synchronously moved, the surface of the power rod (9) is connected with the first toothed plate (10), the gear (11) is rotated through the first toothed plate (10), the gear (11) further enables the second toothed plate (13) to move reversely, and the second toothed plate (13) enables the ejector block (3) to move upwards to synchronously support the bottom of the blank (4);

s3: when the cutter (2) is used for cutting, the ejector block (3) can inject cooling liquid into the bottom of the blank (4), and the cooling liquid sprayed out by the spray head (22) at the top of the blank (4) is matched to fully cool the blank (4).

2. The utility model provides a CNC machining center improves machining precision auxiliary assembly which characterized in that: the auxiliary equipment is suitable for the CNC machining center improved machining precision process in claim 1, and comprises a machine body (1), a cutter (2) and a top block (3); a blank piece (4) is fixedly connected inside the machine body (1); a guide rail (5) is fixedly connected inside the machine body (1); a sliding block (6) is connected inside the guide rail (5) in a sliding manner; a first sliding groove is formed in the slide block (6) at the top of the blank piece (4); a first guide block (7) is connected inside the first sliding groove in a sliding manner; the bottom of the first sliding chute is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod (8), and a screw rod is matched with a motor to serve as feeding power; the bottom of the first guide block (7) is fixedly connected with a cutter (2); the side surface of the first guide block (7) is fixedly connected with a power rod (9); the side surface of the power rod (9) is fixedly connected with a first toothed plate (10); the surface of the sliding block (6) is provided with a gear (11), and the gear (11) is meshed with the first gear (11); a second sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the blank piece (4) on the surface of the sliding block (6); a second guide block (12) is connected inside the second sliding groove in a sliding manner; the top of the second guide block (12) is provided with a top block (3); the side of the second guide block (12) is provided with a second toothed plate (13), and the second toothed plate (13) is meshed with the gear (11).

3. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary equipment according to claim 2, wherein: the top of the second guide block (12) is provided with an adjusting groove; the inner part of the adjusting groove is connected with the jacking block (3) in a sliding way; and a first spring (14) is fixedly connected between the top block (3) and the bottom of the adjusting groove.

4. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary equipment according to claim 2, wherein: a second spring (15) is fixedly connected between the second guide block (12) and the bottom of the second sliding groove; a moving groove is formed in the surface of the second guide block (12); the inner part of the moving groove is connected with a second toothed plate (13) in a sliding way; a limiting groove is formed in the bottom of the second moving groove, and the limiting groove is externally connected with an air source through a pipeline; the inside sliding connection of spacing groove has stopper (16).

5. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary equipment according to claim 2, wherein: pneumatic push rods (17) which are uniformly arranged are fixedly connected inside the top block (3); and the end surfaces of piston rods of the pneumatic push rods (17) are provided with balls (18).

6. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary device of claim 5, wherein: elastic pads (19) are fixedly connected between the pneumatic push rods (17); the bottom of the elastic pad (19) is fixedly connected with the top block (3).

7. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary device of claim 6, wherein: the side surfaces of the elastic pads (19) are fixedly connected with collecting blocks (20); the collecting block (20) is designed to be of an L-shaped structure; the bottom of the collecting block (20) is fixedly connected with first filter cotton (21); and a spray head (22) is arranged at the top of the collecting block (20).

8. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary device of claim 6, wherein: the top surface of kicking block (3) has linked firmly injection head (23), and the top of injection head (23) is located the top position of cushion (19).

9. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary equipment according to claim 8, wherein: a flow guide groove is formed in the elastic cushion (19); the bottom of the diversion trench is provided with a diversion hole; the inner part of the flow guide hole is fixedly connected with second filter cotton (24); an elastic sheet (25) is fixedly connected inside the diversion trench; the elastic pieces (25) are arranged in pairs; and a limiting elastic sheet (26) is fixedly connected between the elastic sheets (25).

10. The CNC machining center machining precision improving auxiliary equipment according to claim 9, wherein: the second filter cotton (24) comprises a support plate (27) and core cotton (28); the surface of the supporting plate (27) is provided with uniformly arranged mounting holes; a pull groove is formed in the inner side face of the mounting hole; the inner part of the pull groove is connected with the core cotton (28) in a sliding way; the interior of the pull groove is fixedly connected with a telescopic sheet (29); a flow guide support plate (30) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the core cotton (28) in the mounting hole; the surface of the supporting plate (27) is provided with a pressure relief hole (31); the surface of the core cotton (28) is provided with connecting holes (32) near the corresponding telescopic pieces (29).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a process for improving machining precision of a CNC machining center and auxiliary equipment thereof.

Background

CNC refers to machining with a numerical control machining tool, and numerical control machining is machining controlled by a computer after programming, so that the CNC has the advantages of stable machining quality, high machining precision, high repetition precision, capability of machining complex molded surfaces, high machining efficiency and the like.

According to the technology for improving the machining precision of the CN110293251A CNC machining center, a machining program is compiled by adopting a zigzag feed program during finish machining, a cutter of the machining program can return to a mechanical original point after the machining program is finished, and then the next machining program is executed to ensure that an XY lead screw is in a forward fit state all the time during cutting, so that the CNC machining center device can be in a relatively high precision state, and a high-precision product is machined.

Meanwhile, according to CN104525975B, the invention relates to a device and a method for profiling a curved surface revolving body workpiece by using a common vertical lathe, and the invention discloses the method for profiling the curved surface revolving body workpiece by using the common vertical lathe, which depends on the implementation of the device.

However, in the prior art, if the diameter size of the blank is small, the blank is easily bent and deformed under the cutting and extruding action of the tool, especially when the tool is fed to the middle position of the blank, the deformation of the blank is the largest, and further the machining precision is low.

Therefore, the invention provides a process for improving the machining precision of a CNC machining center and auxiliary equipment thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that bending deformation is easy to occur on a blank under the cutting and extruding action of a cutter if the diameter size of the blank is smaller, particularly when the cutter feeds to the middle position of the blank, the deformation of the blank is the largest, and further the machining precision is lower, in order to solve the problem, the feed cutting depth of the cutter can be adjusted during programming, but because the deformation factors of the blank are many, the feed depth is difficult to predict and adjust, and further the higher machining precision is difficult to ensure, the invention provides a process for improving the machining precision of a CNC machining center and auxiliary equipment thereof.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a process for improving the machining precision of a CNC machining center, which comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, a cylindrical blank is placed in a machining center and is fixed through a clamping device in the machining center;

s2: through programming of a control system, the cutter advances according to a programmed set track, when the telescopic rod controls the cutter to eject, the power rod can be synchronously moved, the surface of the power rod is connected with the first toothed plate, the gear rotates through the first toothed plate, the gear further enables the second toothed plate to move reversely, and the second toothed plate enables the ejector block to move upwards to synchronously support the bottom of the blank;

s3: in the cutting process of the cutter, the top block can inject cooling liquid into the bottom of the blank, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray head at the top of the blank is matched to fully cool the blank; through the transmission of power rod, gear, first pinion rack and second pinion rack for carry out synchronous support on traditional numerical control processing's basis, to the blank processing of revolution solid structure, can reduce the bending deformation of blank, improve the machining precision, cool down in step through the bottom to the blank simultaneously, improve the cooling effect, and then reduce the thermal expansion of blank, guarantee the machining precision of blank.

A CNC machining center improves the auxiliary equipment of the machining precision, the auxiliary equipment is suitable for the above-mentioned CNC machining center improves the machining precision craft, including organism, cutter and kicking block; a blank piece is fixedly connected inside the machine body; a guide rail is fixedly connected inside the machine body; a sliding block is connected inside the guide rail in a sliding manner; a first sliding groove is formed in the top of the blank piece in the sliding block; a first guide block is connected inside the first sliding groove in a sliding manner; the bottom of the first sliding chute is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod, and a screw rod is matched with a motor to serve as feeding power; the bottom of the first guide block is fixedly connected with a cutter; the side surface of the first guide block is fixedly connected with a power rod; the side surface of the power rod is fixedly connected with a first toothed plate; the surface of the sliding block is provided with a gear, and the gear is meshed with the first gear; a second sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the blank part on the surface of the sliding block; a second guide block is connected inside the second sliding groove in a sliding manner; the top of the second guide block is provided with a top block; a second toothed plate is arranged on the side surface of the second guide block and is in meshed connection with the gear; when the cutting machine works, a power supply is started firstly, the telescopic rod is controlled to stretch and control the cutting depth of a cutter, meanwhile, the slide block slides in the guide rail to control the cutter to feed, the triangular chuck fixed by a blank is matched to rotate to cut the blank, when the telescopic rod stretches, the first guide block can be synchronously driven to move downwards, the first guide block can drive the power rod to move downwards, the power rod can drive the first toothed plate to move downwards, the first toothed plate can drive the gear to rotate, the second toothed plate can be driven to rotate through the gear, the second toothed plate can drive the second guide block to move upwards, the second guide block can drive the top block to move upwards synchronously, and the bottom of the blank is supported, the high-precision processing of the blank is effectively realized, and the bottom of the blank in a rotating state is synchronously supported during the cutting process of the blank of a revolving body, in the cutting process of the cutter, the blank is greatly extruded, so that the deformation of the blank can be reduced under the supporting action, and the processing precision is further improved.

Preferably, the top of the second guide block is provided with an adjusting groove; the inner part of the adjusting groove is connected with the jacking block in a sliding manner; a first spring is fixedly connected between the top block and the bottom of the adjusting groove; during operation, through setting up first spring, when the blank of its top position of kicking block roof pressure, in order to adapt to the minor change of blank diameter, avoid the kicking block to the excessive pressurization problem of blank, through the effect of first spring for the kicking block can carry out minor amplitude elastic change, pressure between automatically regulated kicking block and the blank.

Preferably, a second spring is fixedly connected between the second guide block and the bottom of the second sliding groove; a moving groove is formed in the surface of the second guide block; the inner part of the moving groove is connected with the second toothed plate in a sliding manner; a limiting groove is formed in the second moving groove, and the limiting groove is externally connected with an air source through a pipeline; a limiting block is connected inside the limiting groove in a sliding manner; during operation, through setting up the stopper, add man-hour to the blank in the beginning, because the roughness of blank is relatively poor, in order to avoid the cinder on blank surface to produce the damage to the kicking block, under the initial condition, the inside of income spacing groove in the stopper, when the second toothed plate removed, the second toothed plate can not directly drive the second guide block and remove, and then the kicking block can remain the bottom at the blank this moment all the time, carry out rough machining through the cutter, when needs carry out smart man-hour, through the inside access atmospheric pressure to the spacing groove, the stopper is all ejecting this moment, fix the second toothed plate under the initial condition, when the second toothed plate of this moment is controlled again and removed, the second toothed plate can directly drive the stopper and remove, and then support the blank, realize carrying out the finish machining to the blank.

Preferably, the inner part of the top block is fixedly connected with pneumatic push rods which are uniformly arranged; the end faces of piston rods of the pneumatic push rods are provided with balls; during operation, through setting up pneumatic push rod, through pneumatic push rod synchronous motion, pneumatic push rod can drive the ball and remove for the ball of evenly arranging supports the bottom of blank, adapts to the support requirement of blank under the different diameter of processing state, reduces local pressure, guarantees the surface quality of finished product of processing.

Preferably, elastic pads are fixedly connected between the pneumatic push rods; the bottom of the elastic cushion is fixedly connected with the top block; during operation, through setting up the cushion, can carry out the basis to ball position space and external through the cushion and keep apart, reduce processing waste material and get into the ball position, and then the waste material can influence the normal processing of blank through the surface that the blank was impressed to the ball.

Preferably, the side surfaces of the elastic cushion are fixedly connected with collecting blocks; the collecting block is designed to be of an L-shaped structure; the bottom of the collecting block is fixedly connected with first filter cotton; a spray head is arranged at the top of the collecting block; the during operation collects the piece through setting up, is carrying out the in-process of blank processing, because the shower nozzle has spouted a large amount of coolant liquid, is being mingled with a lot of waste materials in these coolant liquids, can carry out effective filtration through collecting the piece and collect, reduces the post processing work load of coolant liquid.

Preferably, the top surface of the top block is fixedly connected with an injection head, and the top of the injection head is positioned at the top of the elastic pad; the during operation, through setting up the injector head, because the cushion elastic seal effect, the cushion is direct and the surface contact of blank easily, long-time back of using, the blank rotates under the condition, make the cushion wearing and tearing very easily, spray the coolant liquid towards between cushion and the blank through the injector head, the cushion can be extruded to the coolant liquid, make cushion and blank keep the certain distance, the inside that processing waste material got into the cushion can be reduced to the reverse flow of coolant liquid simultaneously, and the coolant liquid is in the bottom gathering of blank, can effectual improvement to the cooling effect of blank, and then reduce the heat expansion of blank, and the machining precision is improved.

Preferably, a diversion trench is formed in the elastic cushion; the bottom of the diversion trench is provided with a diversion hole; the inner part of the flow guide hole is fixedly connected with second filter cotton; the inner part of the diversion groove is fixedly connected with an elastic sheet; the elastic pieces are arranged in pairs; a limiting elastic sheet is fixedly connected between the elastic sheets; during operation, filter the cotton through setting up the second, long-time work back, a small amount of processing waste material also gets into the inside of cushion easily, in order to avoid these a small amount of waste materials directly to gather in the ball position, through seting up guiding gutter and water conservancy diversion hole, coolant liquid part through injector head spun can be exported through guiding gutter and water conservancy diversion hole, promote the leading-in water conservancy diversion hole position of a small amount of processing waste material, and filter the cotton through the second of water conservancy diversion downthehole portion of filtering, simultaneously through mated flexure strip, the elastic action between the flexure strip, the elasticity effect of cooperation spacing shell fragment, can guarantee under the normal condition, the shutoff to the water conservancy diversion hole, under the coolant liquid pressure effect, the coolant liquid can be through the one-way flow in position between two flexure strips, the waste material has been avoided under the flow effect of coolant liquid, shift repeatedly, even get into the ball position.

Preferably, the second filter cotton comprises a support plate and core cotton; the surface of the supporting plate is provided with uniformly arranged mounting holes; a pull groove is formed in the inner side face of the mounting hole; the inner part of the pull groove is connected with the core cotton in a sliding way; the inner part of the pull groove is fixedly connected with a telescopic sheet; a flow guide support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the core cotton inside the mounting hole; the surface of the supporting plate is provided with a pressure relief hole; the surface of the core cotton is provided with connecting holes at positions close to the corresponding expansion pieces; the during operation, through setting up backup pad and core cotton, because the second filters cotton long-time use, the second filters cotton surface can accumulate a large amount of metal waste, and then influence the normal flow of coolant liquid, the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, the coolant liquid is derived through the top of cushion basically all this moment, influence the normal flow of top position coolant liquid, also make the clearance between the cushion of top position and the blank piece increase simultaneously, aggravate the inside that the waste material got into the cushion, when the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, the core cotton warp, and then the core cotton can drive the expansion piece and stretch out and draw back, make the pressure release hole correspond with even hole this moment, the coolant liquid can directly derive through the pressure release hole, guarantee that cushion internal pressure remains normal condition all the time.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the machine body, the cutter and the ejector block are arranged, and the cutter and the ejector block are arranged in the machine body; the effectual high accuracy processing that has realized the blank, through to solid of revolution blank cutting in-process, supports the bottom of rotation state blank in step, and in the cutter cutting process, owing to produce great extrusion to the blank, the deflection of blank can be reduced to the supporting role, and then improves the machining precision.

2. According to the invention, by arranging the elastic pad, the second filter cotton and the elastic pieces, the part of the cooling liquid sprayed out by the spray head can be guided out through the guide groove and the guide hole, so that a small amount of processing waste is promoted to be guided into the position of the guide hole, and is filtered through the second filter cotton in the guide hole, meanwhile, through the elastic action of the paired elastic pieces and the elastic action of the limiting elastic pieces, the sealing of the guide hole under normal conditions can be ensured, and under the action of the pressure of the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid can flow in a single direction through the position between the two elastic pieces, so that the waste is prevented from repeatedly shifting and even entering the position of the ball under the flowing action of the cooling liquid.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view at C of FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the second filter cotton of the present invention.

In the figure: the machine body 1, a cutter 2, a top block 3, a blank piece 4, a guide rail 5, a sliding block 6, a first guide block 7, an expansion link 8, a power rod 9, a first toothed plate 10, a gear 11, a second guide block 12, a second toothed plate 13, a first spring 14, a second spring 15, a limiting block 16, a pneumatic push rod 17, a ball 18, an elastic pad 19, a collection block 20, first filter cotton 21, a spray head 22, a spray head 23, second filter cotton 24, an elastic sheet 25, a limiting elastic sheet 26, a supporting plate 27, core cotton 28, an expansion sheet 29, a flow guide support plate 30, a pressure relief hole 31 and a connecting hole 32.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

According to the figure 1, the process for improving the machining precision of the CNC machining center comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, a cylindrical blank 4 is placed in a machining center and is fixed by a clamping device in the machining center;

s2: through programming of a control system, the cutter 2 moves according to a programmed set track, when the telescopic rod 8 controls the cutter 2 to eject, the power rod 9 can be synchronously moved, the surface of the power rod 9 is connected with the first toothed plate 10, the gear 11 rotates through the first toothed plate 10, the gear 11 further enables the second toothed plate 13 to move reversely, and the second toothed plate 13 can enable the top block 3 to move upwards to synchronously support the bottom of the blank piece 4;

s3: in the cutting process of the cutter 2, the ejector block 3 injects cooling liquid into the bottom of the blank 4, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray head 22 at the top of the blank 4 is matched to fully cool the blank 4; through the transmission of power rod 9, gear 11, first pinion rack 10 and second pinion rack 13 for carry out synchronous support on traditional numerical control processing's basis, to the blank 4 processing of solid of revolution structure, can reduce the bending deformation of blank 4, improve the machining precision, cool down in step through the bottom to blank 4 simultaneously, improve the cooling effect, and then reduce the thermal expansion of blank 4, guarantee the machining precision of blank 4.

Example one

Referring to fig. 2-6, an auxiliary device for improving the machining precision of a CNC machining center, which is suitable for the above-mentioned process for improving the machining precision of the CNC machining center, includes a machine body 1, a cutter 2 and a top block 3; a blank piece 4 is fixedly connected inside the machine body 1; a guide rail 5 is fixedly connected inside the machine body 1; a sliding block 6 is connected inside the guide rail 5 in a sliding manner; a first sliding groove is formed in the slide block 6 at the top of the blank piece 4; a first guide block 7 is connected inside the first sliding groove in a sliding manner; the bottom of the first sliding chute is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod 8, and a screw rod is matched with a motor to serve as feeding power; the bottom of the first guide block 7 is fixedly connected with a cutter 2; the side surface of the first guide block 7 is fixedly connected with a power rod 9; the side surface of the power rod 9 is fixedly connected with a first toothed plate 10; the surface of the sliding block 6 is provided with a gear 11, and the gear 11 is meshed with the first gear 11; a second sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the blank piece 4 on the surface of the sliding block 6; a second guide block 12 is connected inside the second sliding chute in a sliding manner; the top of the second guide block 12 is provided with a top block 3; a second toothed plate 13 is arranged on the side surface of the second guide block 12, and the second toothed plate 13 is in meshed connection with the gear 11; when the device works, when the device needs to be processed, firstly, a power supply is started, the telescopic rod 8 is controlled to stretch, the cutting depth of the cutter 2 is controlled, meanwhile, the slide block 6 slides in the guide rail 5, the cutter 2 is controlled to feed, the triangular chuck fixed by the blank 4 is matched to rotate, the cutting of the blank 4 is realized, when the telescopic rod 8 stretches, the first guide block 7 can be synchronously driven to move downwards, the first guide block 7 can drive the power rod 9 to move downwards, the power rod 9 can drive the first toothed plate 10 to move downwards, the first toothed plate 10 can drive the gear 11 to rotate, the second toothed plate 13 can be driven to rotate through the gear 11, the second guide block 12 can be driven by the second guide block 12 to move upwards and synchronously, the bottom of the blank 4 is supported, and the high-precision processing of the blank 4 is effectively realized through the device, through in the cutting process to solid of revolution blank 4, support the bottom of rotation state blank 4 in step, in the cutting process of cutter 2, owing to produce great extrusion to blank 4, the deflection of blank 4 can be reduced in the supporting role, and then improve the machining precision.

The top of the second guide block 12 is provided with an adjusting groove; the inner part of the adjusting groove is connected with the jacking block 3 in a sliding manner; a first spring 14 is fixedly connected between the top block 3 and the bottom of the adjusting groove; during operation, through setting up first spring 14, when ejector pad 3 roof pressure blank 4 of its top position, in order to adapt to the small-amplitude change of blank 4 diameter, avoid ejector pad 3 to blank 4's excessive pressurization problem, through the effect of first spring 14 for ejector pad 3 can carry out small-amplitude elastic change, pressure between automatically regulated ejector pad 3 and the blank 4.

A second spring 15 is fixedly connected between the second guide block 12 and the bottom of the second sliding groove; a moving groove is formed in the surface of the second guide block 12; the inner part of the moving groove is connected with a second toothed plate 13 in a sliding way; a limiting groove is formed in the second moving groove, and the limiting groove is externally connected with an air source through a pipeline; a limiting block 16 is connected to the inside of the limiting groove in a sliding manner; during operation, through setting up stopper 16, add man-hour to blank 4 initially, because blank 4's roughness is relatively poor, in order to avoid the cinder on blank 4 surface to produce the damage to kicking block 3, under the initial condition, the inside of spacing groove is packed into in stopper 16, when second toothed plate 13 removes, second toothed plate 13 can not directly drive second guide block 12 and remove, and then kicking block 3 can remain the bottom at blank 4 this moment all the time, carry out rough machining through cutter 2, when needs carry out smart man-hour, through the inside access atmospheric pressure to the spacing groove, stopper 16 is all ejecting this moment, second toothed plate 13 under the initial condition is fixed, when second toothed plate 13 is controlled again to remove this moment, second toothed plate 13 can directly drive stopper 16 and remove, and then support blank 4, the realization is carried out the finish machining to blank 4.

Pneumatic push rods 17 which are uniformly arranged are fixedly connected inside the top block 3; the end faces of the piston rods of the pneumatic push rods 17 are provided with balls 18; during operation, through setting up pneumatic push rod 17, through pneumatic push rod 17 synchronous motion, pneumatic push rod 17 can drive ball 18 and remove for evenly arranged ball 18 supports blank 4's bottom, adapts to the support requirement of blank 4 under the different diameter of processing states, reduces local pressure, guarantees the surface quality of finished product of processing.

Elastic pads 19 are fixedly connected among the pneumatic push rods 17; the bottom of the elastic cushion 19 is fixedly connected with the top block 3; during operation, through setting up cushion 19, can carry out the basis to ball 18 position space and external world through cushion 19 and keep apart, reduce the processing waste material and get into ball 18 position, and then the waste material can be impressed blank 4's surface through ball 18, influences blank 4's normal processing.

The side surfaces of the elastic pads 19 are fixedly connected with collecting blocks 20; the collecting block 20 is designed to be of an L-shaped structure; the bottom of the collecting block 20 is fixedly connected with a first filter cotton 21; a spray head 22 is arranged at the top of the collecting block 20; during operation, through setting up collection piece 20, at the in-process of carrying out blank 4 processing, because shower nozzle 22 has spouted a large amount of coolant liquid, be mingled with a lot of waste materials in these coolant liquids, can carry out effective filtration through collection piece 20 and collect, reduce the post processing work load of coolant liquid.

The top surface of the top block 3 is fixedly connected with an injection head 23, and the top of the injection head 23 is positioned at the top of the elastic pad 19; the during operation, through setting up injector head 23, because the elastic sealing effect of cushion 19, cushion 19 is direct and blank 4's surface contact easily, long-time back of using, blank 4 rotates under the condition, make cushion 19 wearing and tearing very easily, spray the coolant liquid between cushion 19 and blank 4 through injector head 23, the coolant liquid can extrude cushion 19, make cushion 19 and blank 4 keep the certain distance, the inside that processing waste material got into cushion 19 can be reduced to the reverse flow of coolant liquid simultaneously, and the coolant liquid is at blank 4's bottom gathering, can effectual improvement to blank 4's cooling effect, and then reduce blank 4's thermal expansion, improve the machining precision.

A flow guide groove is formed in the elastic cushion 19; the bottom of the diversion trench is provided with a diversion hole; the inner part of the flow guide hole is fixedly connected with a second filter cotton 24; an elastic sheet 25 is fixedly connected inside the diversion trench; the elastic pieces 25 are arranged in pairs; a limiting elastic sheet 26 is fixedly connected between the elastic sheets 25; during operation, through setting up second filter pulp 24, after long-time work, a small amount of processing waste material also gets into the inside of cushion 19 easily, in order to avoid these a small amount of waste materials directly to gather in ball 18 position, through seting up guiding gutter and water conservancy diversion hole, coolant liquid part through injector head 23 spun can be exported through guiding gutter and water conservancy diversion hole, promote the leading-in water conservancy diversion hole position of a small amount of processing waste material, and filter through the second filter pulp 24 of water conservancy diversion downthehole portion, simultaneously through mated flexure strip 25, the elastic action between the flexure strip 25, the elasticity effect of cooperation spacing shell fragment 26, can guarantee under the normal condition, to the shutoff in water conservancy diversion hole, under the coolant liquid pressure effect, the coolant liquid can pass through position unidirectional flow between two flexure strips 25, the waste material has been avoided under the mobile effect of coolant liquid, shift repeatedly, even get into ball 18 position.

Example two

Referring to fig. 7, the second filter cotton 24 includes a supporting plate 27 and a core cotton 28; the surface of the supporting plate 27 is provided with uniformly arranged mounting holes; a pull groove is formed in the inner side face of the mounting hole; the inner part of the pull groove is connected with the core cotton 28 in a sliding way; the interior of the pull groove is fixedly connected with a telescopic sheet 29; a flow guide support plate 30 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the core cotton 28 in the mounting hole; the surface of the supporting plate 27 is provided with a pressure relief hole 31; the surface of the core cotton 28 is provided with connecting holes 32 at positions close to the corresponding telescopic pieces 29; the during operation, through setting up backup pad 27 and core cotton 28, because the second filters cotton 24's long-time use, a large amount of metal waste can be accumulated on second filter cotton 24's surface, and then influence the normal flow of coolant liquid, the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, the coolant liquid is all derived through the top of cushion 19 basically this moment, influence the normal flow of top position coolant liquid, also make the clearance between cushion 19 and the blank 4 of top position increase simultaneously, aggravate the inside that the waste material got into cushion 19, when the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, core cotton 28 warp, and then core cotton 28 can drive expansion plate 29 flexible, make pressure release hole 31 correspond with even hole 32 this moment, the coolant liquid can directly derive through pressure release hole 31, guarantee that cushion 19 internal pressure keeps normal condition all the time.

The working principle is that when machining is needed, firstly, a power supply is started, the telescopic rod 8 is controlled to stretch, the cutting depth of the cutter 2 is controlled, meanwhile, the sliding block 6 slides in the guide rail 5, the cutter 2 is controlled to feed, the triangular chuck fixed to the blank 4 is matched to rotate, cutting of the blank 4 is achieved, when the telescopic rod 8 stretches, the first guide block 7 can be driven to move downwards synchronously, the first guide block 7 can drive the power rod 9 to move downwards, the power rod 9 can drive the first toothed plate 10 to move downwards, the first toothed plate 10 can drive the gear 11 to rotate, the gear 11 can drive the second toothed plate 13 to rotate, the second toothed plate 13 can drive the second guide block 12 to move upwards, the second guide block 12 can drive the jacking block 3 to move upwards synchronously, and supporting of the bottom of the blank 4 is achieved; by arranging the first spring 14, when the ejector block 3 is pressed against the blank 4 at the top of the ejector block, in order to adapt to small-amplitude change of the diameter of the blank 4 and avoid the problem of over pressurization of the blank 4 by the ejector block 3, the ejector block 3 can perform small-amplitude elastic change under the action of the first spring 14, and the pressure between the ejector block 3 and the blank 4 is automatically adjusted; by arranging the limiting block 16, when the blank 4 is initially machined, because the surface roughness of the blank 4 is poor, in order to avoid the oxide skin on the surface of the blank 4 from damaging the top block 3, in an initial state, the limiting block 16 is accommodated in the limiting groove, when the second toothed plate 13 moves, the second toothed plate 13 cannot directly drive the second guide block 12 to move, and then the top block 3 can be always kept at the bottom of the blank 4 at the moment, rough machining is performed through the cutter 2, when fine machining is required, air pressure is accessed into the limiting groove, the limiting block 16 is ejected at the moment, the second toothed plate 13 in the initial state is fixed, and when the second toothed plate 13 is controlled to move, the second toothed plate 13 directly drives the limiting block 16 to move, so that the blank 4 is supported, and fine machining is performed on the blank 4; by arranging the pneumatic push rod 17, the pneumatic push rod 17 synchronously moves, and the pneumatic push rod 17 can drive the balls 18 to move, so that the uniformly arranged balls 18 support the bottom of the blank 4, the supporting requirements of the blank 4 in different processing diameter states are met, the local pressure is reduced, and the surface quality of a processed finished product is ensured; by arranging the elastic cushion 19, the position space of the ball 18 can be isolated from the outside through the elastic cushion 19, so that the processing waste materials are reduced from entering the position of the ball 18, and then the waste materials can be pressed into the surface of the blank piece 4 through the ball 18, and the normal processing of the blank piece 4 is influenced; by arranging the collecting block 20, in the process of processing the blank piece 4, as the spray head 22 sprays a large amount of cooling liquid which is mixed with a lot of waste materials, the collecting block 20 can effectively filter and collect the cooling liquid, and the post-processing workload of the cooling liquid is reduced; through the arrangement of the injection head 23, due to the elastic sealing effect of the elastic pad 19, the elastic pad 19 is easy to directly contact with the surface of the blank 4, after the blank 4 is used for a long time, the elastic pad 19 is easy to wear under the rotation condition of the blank 4, the injection head 23 sprays cooling liquid between the elastic pad 19 and the blank 4, the cooling liquid can extrude the elastic pad 19, the elastic pad 19 and the blank 4 keep a certain distance, meanwhile, the reverse flow of the cooling liquid can reduce the processing waste materials entering the elastic pad 19, and the cooling liquid is gathered at the bottom of the blank 4, so that the cooling effect on the blank 4 can be effectively improved, the thermal expansion of the blank 4 is reduced, and the processing precision is improved; by arranging the second filter cotton 24, after long-time work, a small amount of processing waste materials can easily enter the elastic pad 19, in order to avoid the small amount of waste materials from directly gathering at the position of the ball 18, by arranging the guide grooves and the guide holes, the part of the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray head 23 can be guided out through the guide grooves and the guide holes, so that the small amount of processing waste materials are promoted to be guided into the position of the guide holes, and are filtered by the second filter cotton 24 in the guide holes, meanwhile, through the paired elastic sheets 25, the elastic action between the elastic sheets 25 is matched with the elastic action of the limiting elastic sheet 26, so that the plugging of the guide holes can be ensured under normal conditions, and under the action of the cooling liquid pressure, the cooling liquid can flow in a single direction through the positions between the two elastic sheets 25, and the waste materials are prevented from repeatedly shifting under the flowing action of the cooling liquid and even enter the position of the ball 18; through setting up backup pad 27 and core cotton 28, because the long-time use of second filter cotton 24, a large amount of metal waste can be accumulated on the surface of second filter cotton 24, and then influence the normal flow of coolant liquid, the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, the coolant liquid is all derived through the top of cushion 19 basically this moment, influence the normal flow of top position coolant liquid, also make the clearance between cushion 19 and the blank 4 of top position increase simultaneously, aggravate the inside that the waste material got into cushion 19, when the internal pressure increase of guiding gutter, core cotton 28 warp, and then core cotton 28 can drive expansion plate 29 flexible, make pressure release hole 31 correspond with even hole 32 this moment, the coolant liquid can directly derive through pressure release hole 31, guarantee that cushion 19 internal pressure remains normal condition all the time.

The front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower are all based on figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, according to the standard of the observation angle of a person, the side of the device facing an observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and the like.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.