阅读说明：本技术 一种紫杉醇的分离纯化方法 (Separation and purification method of paclitaxel ) 是由 王希 陶冶 郁明钧 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种紫杉醇的分离纯化方法。本发明的紫杉醇的分离纯化方法,包括如下步骤：1)将紫杉醇粗品进行溶解、过滤,得到紫杉醇溶液；2)将步骤1)得到的紫杉醇溶液上样到装有UniSil微球的层析柱中进行层析,采用纯水和有机溶剂作为流动相对紫杉醇溶液进行洗脱；3)分段收集经步骤2)层析、洗脱后的目的峰值的紫杉醇溶液,对符合要求的组份液进行汇总,得到纯化的紫杉醇。本发明的紫杉醇的分离纯化方法,仅需一步层析分离纯化紫杉醇,不仅纯度高、收率高且稳定,而且操作简单方便,所用固定相可重复利用,所用流动相量少节约,大大降低了成本。(The invention provides a method for separating and purifying paclitaxel. The method for separating and purifying the paclitaxel comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving and filtering the paclitaxel crude product to obtain a paclitaxel solution; 2) loading the paclitaxel solution obtained in the step 1) into a chromatographic column filled with UniSil microspheres for chromatography, and eluting the paclitaxel solution by using pure water and an organic solvent as mobile phases; 3) collecting paclitaxel solution of the target peak value after chromatography and elution in the step 2) in sections, and summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements to obtain the purified paclitaxel. The method for separating and purifying the taxol only needs one-step chromatographic separation and purification of the taxol, not only has high purity, high and stable yield, but also has simple and convenient operation, can repeatedly utilize the used stationary phase, saves less mobile phase and greatly reduces the cost.)

1. A method for separating and purifying paclitaxel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) dissolving and filtering the paclitaxel crude product to obtain a paclitaxel solution with the concentration of 30-50 mg/mL;

2) loading the paclitaxel solution obtained in the step 1) into a chromatographic column filled with UniSil microspheres for chromatography, and eluting the paclitaxel solution by using pure water and an organic solvent as mobile phases, wherein the volume percentage of the organic solvent in the mobile phases is 93-97%;

3) collecting paclitaxel solution of the target peak value after chromatography and elution in the step 2) in sections, and summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements to obtain the purified paclitaxel.

2. The separation and purification method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the UniSil microspheres are C18UniSil microspheres or C8UniSil microspheres or PS, preferably PS.

3. The separation and purification method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), the organic solvent is one of methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile or acetone.

4. The separation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 1), the purity of the crude paclitaxel is 95-98%;

preferably, in step 2), the amount of the mobile phase is 8-10 column volumes, based on 1 column volume of the packing filled in the chromatography column.

5. The separation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step 2), the specific process of elution is as follows: eluting with 93-97% organic solvent by volume relative paclitaxel solution for 50-70min at flow rate of 50-70 mL/min.

6. The separation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step 2) further comprises a step of pre-column treatment of the chromatography column before loading.

7. The separation and purification method according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of the pre-column treatment is as follows: removing impurities from the chromatographic column by using methanol, and balancing the chromatographic column after impurity removal by using a flow phase with the volume percentage of the organic solvent of 93-97%.

8. The separation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step 1), the filtration is performed with a filter membrane having a pore size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm.

9. The separation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the separation and purification method comprises the steps of:

1) dissolving crude paclitaxel with purity of 95-98% with 93-97% methanol, and filtering with filter membrane with pore diameter of 0.3-0.5 μm to obtain paclitaxel solution with concentration of 30-50 mg/mL;

2) removing impurities from a chromatographic column filled with PSUniSil microspheres by using methanol, balancing the chromatographic column after the impurities are removed by using a flow phase with an organic solvent volume percentage of 93-97%, loading the paclitaxel solution obtained in the step 1) into the chromatographic column subjected to balancing treatment for chromatography, eluting the paclitaxel solution by using a flow phase with an organic solvent volume percentage of 93-97%, wherein the elution time is 50-70min, and the flow rate of the mobile phase is 50-70 mL/min; the volume of the filler in the chromatographic column is 1 column volume, and the dosage of the mobile phase is 8-10 column volumes;

3) collecting paclitaxel solution of the target peak value after chromatography and elution in the step 2) in sections, and summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements to obtain the purified paclitaxel.

10. Paclitaxel obtained by the isolation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine purification, and relates to a separation and purification method of paclitaxel.

Background

The taxol is a natural secondary metabolite separated and purified from the bark of a gymnosperm yew, and has good anti-tumor effect through clinical verification, and particularly has special effects on ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer and the like with high incidence rate of cancer. Paclitaxel is the most popular anticancer drug in the international market in recent years, and is considered as one of the most effective anticancer drugs in the future 20 years of human beings, and the structural formula of the paclitaxel is as follows:

in recent years, the global population and the cancer incidence rate have increased explosively, and the demand for paclitaxel has also increased significantly. The paclitaxel required by clinical and scientific research is mainly directly extracted from taxus chinensis, because the content of the paclitaxel in a plant body is quite low (only 0.069% is acknowledged in the bark of the short-leaf taxus chinensis with the highest content), about 13.6kg of the bark can extract 1g of the paclitaxel, 3-12 taxus chinensis trees with more than one hundred years are needed for treating one ovarian cancer patient, and a large amount of cutting of the taxus chinensis is also caused, so that the precious tree species are endangered. In addition, the yew is poor in resources and the yew plants grow slowly, which causes great difficulty in further development and utilization of the taxol.

The chemical synthesis of paclitaxel, although complete, is not industrially meaningful due to the stringent conditions, low yields, high cost. The existing taxol semi-synthesis method is mature and is considered as an effective way for expanding the taxol source besides artificial planting. The semi-synthesis method can utilize plant resources to a greater extent, but has no essential difference from the method of directly extracting paclitaxel, needs to consume a large amount of taxus chinensis trees, and still cannot fundamentally solve the problem of plant source shortage. It is evident that the extraction of paclitaxel from Taxus plant tissues is greatly limited.

CN103819430A discloses a method for purifying taxol from taxol crude products produced by taxus chinensis cell culture, belonging to the field of compound purification. The invention adopts a method of combining a crystallization precipitation method and a normal phase column chromatography to purify the paclitaxel. Firstly, dissolving a taxol crude product produced by cell culture of taxus chinensis in an organic solvent with larger polarity, and then dropwise adding a reverse organic solvent to obtain the taxol with the purity of more than 85.0%. Then, column chromatography is adopted to further separate and purify the taxol, the stationary phase is 200-300 mesh silica gel, and the mobile phase is a binary gradient mixed solvent of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate or n-hexane and acetone. The two methods are combined, the defect that the paclitaxel and the cephalomannine cannot be effectively separated in the traditional separation method is solved, meanwhile, the unknown impurities which are difficult to separate can be removed, and finally, the paclitaxel raw material medicine which meets the USP standard of the United states pharmacopoeia can be obtained. The method has the advantages of good repeatability, reasonable process, simple operation, and environmental protection. However, the method needs two steps of crystallization and chromatography, and the process is complex.

CN1526708A discloses a method for separating and purifying taxol from taxol crude products, which adopts macroporous absorption resin such as AB-8, D101, D201 and AK-9 as fixed phase, 40-70% polar solvent such as ethanol and acetone aqueous solution as mobile phase, and separates and purifies taxol by column chromatography, the flow rate of effluent liquid is 0.6-1.5L/h, 1 part is collected per hour, and the process is terminated when the taxol concentration is lower than 0.2 mg/ml, and the effluent liquid is collected by time segments; the effluent liquid contains paclitaxel with content less than cephalomannine content, and is concentrated and dried to obtain paclitaxel intermediate product A; the effluent has paclitaxel content higher than cephalomannine content, and is concentrated and dried to obtain paclitaxel intermediate product B. The method is convenient for separating and purifying 9-20% of taxol crude product into 40-60% of taxol intermediate product; the one-time yield is as high as 80 percent; safe operation, no flammable, explosive or toxic solvent; the loading amount is large, the weight ratio of the macroporous adsorption resin to the sample is up to 10 to 0.9-1.5, which is 15 times of the loading amount of the common chromatography; water-soluble impurities in the crude product can be removed. However, the yield of the process is to be further improved.

Therefore, it is very important to find a new way for obtaining a paclitaxel with high purity and high yield.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for separating and purifying paclitaxel, which can meet the requirement of purity of more than 99.5% only by one-step chromatographic purification and has high and stable purification yield.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for separating and purifying paclitaxel comprises the following steps:

1) dissolving and filtering the paclitaxel crude product to obtain a paclitaxel solution;

2) loading the paclitaxel solution obtained in the step 1) into a chromatographic column filled with UniSil microspheres for chromatography, and eluting the paclitaxel solution by using pure water and an organic solvent as mobile phases, wherein the volume percentage of the organic solvent in the mobile phases is 93-97%;

3) collecting paclitaxel solution of the target peak value after chromatography and elution in the step 2) in sections, and summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements to obtain the purified paclitaxel.

The UniSil microspheres are C18UniSil microspheres or C8UniSil microspheres or PSUniSil microspheres, and preferably PSUniSil microspheres. The particle diameter of the PSUniSil microsphere is 10 mu m, and the apertureThe polymer microsphere has strictly controlled particle size and pore diameter structure, is monodisperse and has a pore channel structure, and has good pertinence when used as chromatographic packing. The invention adopts the monodisperse PSUniSil microsphere as the stationary phase, and the purity of the paclitaxel can be higher than 99.5 percent and the yield can reach 95 percent only by one-step chromatography.

In step 1), the purity of the paclitaxel crude product is 95-98%, such as 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% and the like; the concentration of the paclitaxel solution is 40 mg/mL.

In step 2), the organic solvent is one of methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile or acetone, preferably methanol.

In the step 2), the mass ratio of the pure water to the organic solvent in the mobile phase is (3-7) to (93-97).

In the step 2), the volume of the filler filled in the chromatographic column is 1 column volume, and the dosage of the mobile phase is 8-10 column volumes. Wherein, the volume of the filler in the invention is 490mL, namely the volume of one column is 490 mL.

In the step 2), the specific process of elution is as follows: eluting with 93-97% organic solvent by volume relative paclitaxel solution for 50-70min, such as 50min, 51min, 52min, 53min, 54min, 55min, 56min, 57min, 58min, 59min, 60min, 61min, 62min, 63min, 64min, 65min, 66min, 67min, 68min, 69min or 70 min; the flow rate of the mobile phase is 50-70mL/min, such as 50mL/min, 51mL/min, 52mL/min, 53mL/min, 54mL/min, 55mL/min, 56mL/min, 57mL/min, 58mL/min, 59mL/min, 60mL/min, 61mL/min, 62mL/min, 63mL/min, 64mL/min, 65mL/min, 66mL/min, 67mL/min, 68mL/min, 69mL/min, or 70mL/min, and the like.

Step 2) before loading, the method also comprises a step of carrying out column pretreatment on the chromatographic column.

The specific process of the column pretreatment is as follows: removing impurities from the chromatographic column by using methanol, and balancing the chromatographic column after impurity removal by using a flow phase with the volume percentage of the organic solvent of 93-97%.

In step 1), the filtration is performed by using a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.3-0.5 μm, for example, the pore size of the filter membrane is 0.3 μm, 0.35 μm, 0.4 μm, 0.45 μm or 0.5 μm.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for isolating and purifying paclitaxel comprises the following steps:

1) dissolving paclitaxel crude product with purity of 95-98%, and filtering with filter membrane with pore diameter of 0.3-0.5 μm to obtain paclitaxel solution with concentration of 40 mg/mL;

2) removing impurities by adopting a high-concentration organic phase chromatography column filled with PSUniSil microspheres, balancing the chromatography column after impurity removal by adopting a flow phase with an organic solvent volume percentage of 93-97%, loading the paclitaxel solution obtained in the step 1) into the chromatography column after balance treatment for chromatography, eluting the paclitaxel solution by adopting a flow phase with an organic solvent volume percentage of 93-97%, wherein the elution time is 50-70min, and the flow rate of the mobile phase is 50-70 mL/min;

3) collecting paclitaxel solution of the target peak value after chromatography and elution in the step 2) in sections, and summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements to obtain the purified paclitaxel.

The second objective of the present invention is to provide paclitaxel obtained by the separation and purification method described in the first objective.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method for separating and purifying the taxol only needs one-step chromatographic separation and purification of the taxol, not only has high purity, high yield and stability, but also is simple and convenient to operate, the used stationary phase can be recycled, the used mobile phase is less and less, the organic solvent and the purified water are used as the mobile phase, and the elution of the taxol can be completed only by using 8-10 column volumes, so that the mobile phase used in the process is safe, pollution-free and low in cost, the used mobile phase is less, the purification period is short, and the cost is greatly reduced. Specifically, the requirement of purity of more than 99.5 percent can be met only by one-step chromatographic purification, and the purification yield is more than 95 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of PSUniSil microspheres used in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a high performance liquid chromatography analysis of paclitaxel before purification in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a high performance liquid chromatography analysis of purified paclitaxel of example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached figures 1-3.

Unless otherwise specified, various starting materials of the present invention are commercially available or prepared according to conventional methods in the art.

Example 1

1) Taking a taxol crude product with the taxol purity of 97%, and adding 95% methanol (wherein 95% is volume fraction, and the balance is water) for dissolving; after the solution is clarified, filtering the solution by using a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.45 mu m to obtain a paclitaxel solution with the concentration of 40mg/mL, and collecting the filtrate for later use;

2) a chromatographic column with the size of 50 multiplied by 250mm and UniSil PS (manufactured by Suzhou nano-micro technology Co., Ltd.) are adopted as the chromatographic column packing, and the column packing volume is 490 mL; pre-treating the chromatographic column before column, firstly removing impurities by using pure methanol and regenerating, and then balancing the chromatographic column after impurity removal by using a flow phase with 95% of methanol volume percentage; then eluting for 60min by adopting a mobile phase with the methanol volume percentage of 95 percent, and controlling the flow rate at 60 mL/min;

3) and collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 99.91% and the yield of 97.6%.

Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the psunsil microsphere used in example 1 of the present invention, which shows that the psunsil microsphere has a strictly controlled particle size and pore size structure, and is a monodisperse microsphere having a pore structure. FIG. 2 shows the HPLC analysis of paclitaxel before purification, which shows some impurities. FIG. 3 shows the HPLC analysis of purified paclitaxel, which shows very few impurities and very small peaks.

Example 2

1) Taking a taxol crude product with the taxol purity of 97%, and adding 95% methanol for dissolving; after the solution is clarified, filtering the solution by using a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.45 mu m to obtain a paclitaxel solution with the concentration of 40mg/mL, and collecting the filtrate for later use;

2) a chromatographic column with the size of 50 multiplied by 250mm, UniSil C18 (manufactured by Suzhou nano-micro technology Co., Ltd.) is adopted as a chromatographic column filler, and the column packing volume is 490 mL; pre-column pretreatment is carried out on the chromatographic column, the organic phase of pure methanol is used for removing impurities, and then the flow with the volume percentage of the methanol of 95 percent is used for balancing the chromatographic column after the impurities are removed; then eluting for 60min by adopting a mobile phase with the methanol volume percentage of 95 percent, and controlling the flow rate at 60 mL/min;

3) and collecting the solution of the target peak value in sections, summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with purity of 99.52% and yield of 95.5%.

Example 3

This example is different from example 1 in that the column pretreatment, that is, the impurity removal and the equilibration of the column were not performed, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution of the target peak value in sections, summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 99.76% and the yield of 96.8%.

Example 4

This example is different from example 1 in that the organic solvent used in the mobile phase for the equilibration and elution processes was ethanol, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 99.89% and the yield of 97.2%.

Example 5

This example is different from example 1 in that acetone was used as the organic solvent in the mobile phase for the equilibration treatment and elution treatment, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 99.91% and the yield of 96.6%.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the packed phase in the column is blanc 1200M, otherwise the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 99.06% and the yield of 94.6%.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is a conventional purification method of paclitaxel, and the purity of paclitaxel in the finished product is 98.4% by directly adopting a conventional crystallization method.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example is different from example 1 in that the mobile phase used for the equilibration and elution treatments was pure water-free and all the organic solvents were methanol, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution of the target peak value in sections, summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 98.92% and the yield of 98.6%.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example is different from example 1 in that the mobile phase used in the equilibration and elution treatments was 50% by volume of the organic solvent, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel in the eluent with the purity of 98.01% and the yield of 95.1%.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example is different from example 1 in that the mobile phase used for the equilibration and elution treatments was 98% by volume of an organic solvent, and the rest was the same as example 1.

And collecting the solution with the target peak value in a segmented manner, summarizing the component solutions meeting the requirements, and analyzing by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain the paclitaxel eluate with the purity of 98.54% and the yield of 97%.

The method is used for the deep purification of the paclitaxel, the requirement of the purity of the paclitaxel of more than 99.5 percent can be met only by one-step chromatographic purification, the purification yield is more than 95 percent and stable, and meanwhile, the separation method is simple and convenient, can be used for large-scale production, and greatly reduces the production cost.

The present invention is illustrated by the above-mentioned examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it is not meant to imply that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow to be practiced. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.