阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于智能汽车高寒地区功能测试系统及其测试方法 (Function test system and method suitable for intelligent automobile severe cold area ) 是由 刘春杰 李超 杨思功 崔亚楠 刘春� 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种适用于智能汽车高寒地区功能测试系统,包括：试验道路段、车路协同装置、远程控制主机、至少一个测试车载系统；试验道路段均连接远程控制主机,每一测试车载系统借助于车路协同装置连接远程控制主机；试验道路段包括：试验道路段包括：雨雪场景路段、冰面道路场景路段、冰雪道路场景路段和安全过渡区场景路段；测试车载系统均设置在行驶在试验道路段的测试车上；车路协同装置设置在试验道路段的所在区域,且能够探测测试车的位置信息和测试车上的测试车载系统进行数据交互。本发明提供的测试系统及其测试方法能够满足智能网联驾驶车辆寒区功能测试需求,以及安全过渡段行驶试验为标准试验项目,规范了试验方法。(The invention provides a function test system suitable for an intelligent automobile alpine region, which comprises: the system comprises a test road section, a vehicle-road cooperative device, a remote control host and at least one test vehicle-mounted system; the test road sections are connected with a remote control host, and each test vehicle-mounted system is connected with the remote control host by means of a vehicle-road cooperative device; the test road section includes: the test road section includes: a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene road section, an ice and snow road scene road section and a safety transition area scene road section; the test vehicle-mounted systems are all arranged on a test vehicle running on a test road section; the vehicle-road cooperation device is arranged in the area of the test road section, and can detect the position information of the test vehicle and carry out data interaction with a test vehicle-mounted system on the test vehicle. The test system and the test method provided by the invention can meet the cold region function test requirement of the intelligent network connection driving vehicle, and the safety transition section driving test is a standard test project, so that the test method is standardized.)

1. A function test system suitable for intelligent automobile alpine regions, which is characterized in that,

the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a test road section, a vehicle-road cooperative device, a remote control host and at least one test vehicle-mounted system;

the test road sections are connected with the remote control host, and each test vehicle-mounted system is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device;

the test road section includes: the test road section includes: a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene road section, an ice and snow road scene road section and a safety transition area scene road section;

a rain and snow simulation device is arranged in the area where the rain and snow scene road section is located;

the rain and snow simulation equipment is connected with the remote control host;

a pavement ice making device is arranged in the area where the ice road scene road section is located;

the pavement ice making device is connected with the remote control host;

a road surface snow making device is arranged in the area where the ice and snow road scene road section is located;

the pavement snow making device is connected with the remote control host;

the test vehicle-mounted systems are all arranged on a test vehicle running on the test road section;

the vehicle-road cooperation device is arranged in the area where the test road section is located, and can detect the position information of the test vehicle and perform data interaction with a test vehicle-mounted system on the test vehicle.

2. The functional test system of claim 1, wherein the on-board system comprises: the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system and the vehicle-mounted sensing device;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system is arranged on the test vehicle and is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device;

the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged on the test vehicle and used for detecting road condition information and sending the detected road condition information to the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system comprises: an automatic driving mode and a manual operation driving mode.

3. The functional test system of claim 2, wherein the on-board sensing device comprises: laser radar, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar and camera;

the area where the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged comprises: the test vehicle comprises a test vehicle front left corner area, a test vehicle front right corner area, a test vehicle front windshield area, a test vehicle roof area, a test vehicle rear windshield area and a test vehicle front and rear area.

4. The functional test system of claim 3, wherein the remote control host comprises: a database;

the database stores test signal information of the test vehicle sent by the vehicle-road cooperation device, wherein each piece of test signal information comprises: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

5. The functional test system of claim 4, wherein the remote control host is a backend server;

the background server is connected with the electronic equipment with the display screen.

6. The functional test system of claim 5,

the vehicle-road cooperation apparatus includes: the vehicle detection unit and the vehicle road communication cooperative base station unit;

the vehicle detection unit can collect data information of a test vehicle on the test road section;

the vehicle-road communication cooperative base station unit can establish data communication connection with an intelligent test vehicle running on the test road section;

and the vehicle detection unit and the measuring and recording communication cooperative base station unit are in communication connection with the remote control host.

7. The functional test system of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the remote control host further comprises: an interface for implementing a personalized configuration.

8. A test method suitable for an intelligent automobile alpine region function test system based on any one of the claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the remote control host receives test signal information sent by the vehicle-road cooperative device; the test signal information comprises signals collected and recorded by the vehicle detection unit and signals collected and recorded by the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system;

the remote control host computer analyzes the event of the test signal information to obtain test data of the test vehicle with complete information;

the remote control host computer preprocesses the test data and obtains the preprocessed test data;

the remote control host reconstructs a test image and classifies the test data according to the preprocessed test data; the classification data includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing rain and snow scene data, ice road scene data, ice and snow road scene data and safety transition area scene data;

and the remote control host computer carries out post-processing on the reconstructed test image and sends the post-processed test image and the classified test data to the electronic equipment with a display screen for displaying to a worker in the test field.

9. The method of testing of claim 8, further comprising:

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system sets an automatic driving mode or a manual operation driving mode according to driving mode information input by a tester;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system receives road condition data information detected by the vehicle-mounted sensing device;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system formulates an automatic driving control instruction according to the received road condition data information;

the test vehicle sequentially passes through a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene section, a safety transition area scene section and an ice and snow road scene section according to the automatic driving instruction.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the test signal information comprises: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of function testing of ice and snow road conditions in an intelligent automobile test site, and particularly relates to a function testing system and a function testing method suitable for an intelligent automobile alpine region.

Background

All automobiles need to pass the test of three severe environments, namely high temperature, high cold and plateau in development engineering. However, the reliability of automatic driving of automobiles is still an undetermined problem in icy and snowy road conditions, which makes automatic driving on icy and snowy road surfaces a separate and challenging project. The winter test yards in China are mostly gathered in northeast regions, mainly in Hulenbel (the region where the dickite is located) of inner Mongolia, black rivers and desert rivers of Heilongjiang, and due to the limitation of factors such as climatic conditions, geographical positions and the like, the demand of enterprises is continuously increased, the test yards in winter at present have the characteristics of more quantity, scattered places, simple and crude test facilities, and irregular test sites and test methods, and an indoor test yard with perfect test capability is not built in China.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the existing technical problems, the invention provides a function test system and a test method thereof suitable for an intelligent automobile alpine region, which can meet the function test requirements of intelligent internet driving automobiles in the alpine region, and standardizes the test method by taking a safety transition section driving test as a standard test project.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following main technical scheme:

a function test system suitable for intelligent automobile severe cold regions,

the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a test road section, a vehicle-road cooperative device, a remote control host and at least one test vehicle-mounted system;

the test road sections are connected with the remote control host, and each test vehicle-mounted system is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device;

the test road section includes: the test road section includes: a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene road section, an ice and snow road scene road section and a safety transition area scene road section;

a rain and snow simulation device is arranged in the area where the rain and snow scene road section is located;

the rain and snow simulation equipment is connected with the remote control host;

a pavement ice making device is arranged in the area where the ice road scene road section is located;

the pavement ice making device is connected with the remote control host;

a road surface snow making device is arranged in the area where the ice and snow road scene road section is located;

the pavement snow making device is connected with the remote control host;

the test vehicle-mounted systems are all arranged on a test vehicle running on the test road section;

the vehicle-road cooperation device is arranged in the area where the test road section is located, and can detect the position information of the test vehicle and perform data interaction with a test vehicle-mounted system on the test vehicle.

Preferably, the in-vehicle system includes: the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system and the vehicle-mounted sensing device;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system is arranged on the test vehicle and is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device;

the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged on the test vehicle and used for detecting road condition information and sending the detected road condition information to the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system comprises: an automatic driving mode and a manual operation driving mode.

Preferably, the vehicle-mounted sensing device includes: laser radar, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar and camera;

the area where the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged comprises: the test vehicle comprises a test vehicle front left corner area, a test vehicle front right corner area, a test vehicle front windshield area, a test vehicle roof area, a test vehicle rear windshield area and a test vehicle front and rear area.

Preferably, the remote control host includes: a database;

the database stores test signal information of the test vehicle sent by the vehicle-road cooperation device, wherein each piece of test signal information comprises: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

Preferably, the remote control host is a background server;

the background server is connected with the electronic equipment with the display screen.

Preferably, the vehicle-road cooperation apparatus includes: the vehicle detection unit and the vehicle road communication cooperative base station unit;

the vehicle detection unit can collect data information of a test vehicle on the test road section;

the vehicle-road communication cooperative base station unit can establish data communication connection with an intelligent test vehicle running on the test road section;

and the vehicle detection unit and the measuring and recording communication cooperative base station unit are in communication connection with the remote control host.

Preferably, the remote control host further comprises: an interface for implementing a personalized configuration.

The technical scheme also provides a test method suitable for the intelligent automobile high and cold area function test system based on any one of the above schemes, which comprises the following steps:

the remote control host receives test signal information sent by the vehicle-road cooperative device; the test signal information comprises signals collected and recorded by the vehicle detection unit and signals collected and recorded by the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system;

the remote control host computer analyzes the event of the test signal information to obtain test data of the test vehicle with complete information;

the remote control host computer preprocesses the test data and obtains the preprocessed test data;

the remote control host reconstructs a test image and classifies the test data according to the preprocessed test data; the classification data includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing rain and snow scene data, ice road scene data, ice and snow road scene data and safety transition area scene data;

and the remote control host computer carries out post-processing on the reconstructed test image and sends the post-processed test image and the classified test data to the electronic equipment with a display screen for displaying to a worker in the test field.

Preferably, the method further comprises:

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system sets an automatic driving mode or a manual operation driving mode according to driving mode information input by a tester;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system receives road condition data information detected by the vehicle-mounted sensing device;

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system formulates an automatic driving control instruction according to the received road condition data information;

the test vehicle sequentially passes through a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene section, a safety transition area scene section and an ice and snow road scene section according to the automatic driving instruction.

Preferably, the test signal information includes: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a function test system and a test method thereof suitable for intelligent automobile alpine regions, which have the following beneficial effects:

the invention is suitable for the function test of ice and snow road conditions of intelligent networked automobiles, and is provided with roads, wherein the roads are sequentially provided with road sections for driving into a rain and snow simulation road section, an ice and snow road section, a safety transition road section and the like along the driving direction of a vehicle to be tested.

The snow making and cooling system is arranged on the test road section, and the real driving environment is simulated through snow making, freezing and cooling of the snow making and cooling system, so that the test result can more accurately express the environmental adaptability of the vehicle to be tested to the ice and snow road condition.

The invention provides a test field and a test method for a cold region environment, which can be used for testing at any time, and has small occupied area and low cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a functional test system suitable for an intelligent automotive severe cold region provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a testing method applicable to the intelligent automobile severe cold region function testing system provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor distribution area on a test vehicle in the intelligent vehicle function test system in the alpine region according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a test road section in the intelligent automobile severe cold area function test system provided by the invention.

[ description of reference ]

1: a rain and snow scene road section; 2: a signboard; 3: an ice road scene road segment;

4: a safe transition area scene section; 5: an ice and snow road scene road section;

a: a left anterior corner region; b: a right-ahead region; c: a right front corner region; d: a front windshield area; e: a roof area; f: a rear windshield area; g: the region directly behind.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the present embodiment discloses a function testing system suitable for use in an intelligent automobile alpine region, including: the system comprises a test road section, a vehicle-road cooperative device, a remote control host and at least one test vehicle-mounted system.

The test road sections are connected with the remote control host, and each test vehicle-mounted system is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device.

The test road section is 800 meters straight and runs in two directions, and comprises a test preparation area, a simulated snowfall road, an ice and snow road and a safety transition section. The method is characterized in that rain, fog and learning are carried out to simulate a rain and snow road test by arranging an air tower, and a road surface ice and snow making system is arranged to carry out an ice surface road test, a cold region environment safety adaptability road test and an ice and snow road test.

A rain and snow simulation system, a cooling system, an automatic acquisition of road environment data, an automatic release function test and a control center scene need to be built on a test road section.

Specifically, the test road segment includes: the test road section includes: the road safety transition area comprises a rain and snow scene road section 1, an ice surface road scene section 3, an ice and snow road scene section 5 and a safety transition area scene section 4.

In the embodiment, a rain and snow simulation device is arranged in the area where the rain and snow scene road section 1 is located; the rain and snow simulation equipment is connected with the remote control host; a pavement ice making device is arranged in the area of the ice road scene road section 3; the pavement ice making device is connected with the remote control host; a road surface snow making device is arranged in the area of the ice and snow road scene road section 5; the pavement snow making device is connected with the remote control host; the test vehicle-mounted systems are all arranged on a test vehicle running on the test road section; the vehicle-road cooperation device is arranged in the area where the test road section is located, and can detect the position information of the test vehicle and perform data interaction with a test vehicle-mounted system on the test vehicle.

In this embodiment, the on-vehicle system includes: the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system and the vehicle-mounted sensing device; the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system is arranged on the test vehicle and is connected with the remote control host by means of the vehicle-road cooperative device; the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged on the test vehicle and used for detecting road condition information and sending the detected road condition information to the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system; the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system comprises: an automatic driving mode and a manual operation driving mode.

As shown in fig. 3: the vehicle-mounted sensing device in the embodiment includes: laser radar, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar and camera; the area where the vehicle-mounted sensing device is arranged comprises: the test vehicle comprises a test vehicle front left corner area A, a test vehicle front area B, a test vehicle front right corner area C, a test vehicle front windshield area D, a test vehicle roof area E, a test vehicle rear windshield area F and a test vehicle front rear area G.

The remote control host described in this embodiment includes: a database; the database stores test signal information of the test vehicle sent by the vehicle-road cooperation device, wherein each piece of test signal information comprises: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

In the embodiment, the remote control host is a background server; the background server is connected with the electronic equipment with the display screen.

In this embodiment, the vehicle-road cooperation apparatus includes: the vehicle detection unit and the vehicle road communication cooperative base station unit; the vehicle detection unit can collect data information of a test vehicle on the test road section; the vehicle-road communication cooperative base station unit can establish data communication connection with an intelligent test vehicle running on the test road section; and the vehicle detection unit and the measuring and recording communication cooperative base station unit are in communication connection with the remote control host.

The remote control host described in this embodiment further includes: an interface for implementing a personalized configuration.

As shown in fig. 2: the embodiment also provides a test method suitable for the intelligent automobile high and cold area function test system based on the scheme, which comprises the following steps:

the remote control host receives test signal information sent by the vehicle-road cooperative device; the test signal information comprises signals collected and recorded by the vehicle detection unit and signals collected and recorded by the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system.

And the remote control host computer analyzes the event of the test signal information to obtain the test data of the test vehicle with complete information.

And the remote control host computer preprocesses the test data and obtains the preprocessed test data.

The remote control host reconstructs a test image and classifies the test data according to the preprocessed test data; the classification data includes: the system comprises rain and snow scene test data, ice road scene test data, ice and snow road scene test data and safety transition area scene test data.

And the remote control host computer carries out post-processing on the reconstructed test image and sends the post-processed test image and the classified test data to the electronic equipment with a display screen for displaying to a worker in the test field.

The test method provided in this embodiment further includes:

the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system sets an automatic driving mode or a manual operation driving mode according to driving mode information input by a tester; the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system receives road condition data information detected by the vehicle-mounted sensing device; the vehicle-mounted intelligent driving system formulates an automatic driving control instruction according to the received road condition data information; the test vehicle sequentially passes through a rain and snow scene road section, an ice surface road scene section, a safety transition area scene section and an ice and snow road scene section according to the automatic driving instruction.

The test signal information described in this embodiment includes: spatial tags, temporal tags, energy information, and/or control parameter information.

It should be noted that: in the embodiment, a sign board is arranged at a position 20m away from the simulated rain/snow road/ice/snow road on the test road section, and the test vehicle can recognize and respond to the sign board. The style, size and installation of the sign are in accordance with relevant regulations.

The method comprises the steps of testing the appearance structure and technical parameters of a vehicle when the vehicle leaves a factory; the viscosity of the lubricating oil of the mechanical moving parts is in accordance with the specification of a manufacturer; at different ambient temperatures, as specified by the manufacturer; selecting a corresponding cooling liquid; vehicle tires and tire pressures should comply with vehicle manufacturer regulations.

The simulated rain and snow road surface is uniform in asphalt or cement surface, the flatness meets the requirement of a second-level road, and the adhesion coefficient (mu) is between 0.6 and 0.75 under the condition of drying the road surface in winter; the ice surface of the pavement is uniform, the length is preferably 200m, the width is preferably 20m, and the flatness meets the requirement of a second-level highway; the ice surface adhesion coefficient (mu) is between 0.1 and 0.15, and the ice surface thickness is between 10 and 20 mm; the snow-ice road surface has the advantages that the road surface of the base layer of the snow-ice road surface is even and flat, the length is preferably 200m, the width is preferably 20m, the gradient is not more than 1%, the surface layer is loose fresh snow, the compaction degree requirement is not met, the snow is formed by natural snow falling and accumulation, the snow can also be paved by artificial snow making, the thickness of the fresh snow is between 10mm and 20mm during a snow raising test, the bottom layer of the snow-ice road surface is a hard compacted ice surface with the thickness of 10mm to 20mm, and the surface layer is a snow layer with the thickness of about 10mm to 20 mm.

In the protective measure requirements of the snow wall for safety protection of the test road, the snow wall is formed by stacking natural snow without compacting treatment, the snow compactness is not more than 50, and if the snow surface on the surface layer is crystallized and becomes hard shell, the snow wall needs to be stacked again; the dimension specification of the short snow wall requires that the height is between 0.15 and 0.35m and the width is between 1 and 3 m; the size and specification requirements of the high snow wall are as follows: the height is between 0.8 and 1m, and the width is between 0.8 and 1.2 m; the high snow wall can be free of an external buffer area, and the periphery of the low snow wall is provided with a compacted snow surface with the width of 2-5 m or a natural snow surface with the height not more than 0.1m as the buffer area.

The intelligent networked automobile test process record comprises the following contents: the vehicle control mode, the position information of the vehicle center point, the vehicle longitudinal speed, the vehicle transverse speed, the vehicle longitudinal acceleration, the vehicle transverse acceleration, the vehicle light and related prompt information states, the in-vehicle video and voice monitoring condition reflecting the driver and man-machine interaction state, the video information reflecting the running state of the test vehicle, and the position and motion data of the target object.

The precision of the testing equipment in the embodiment is required to meet the requirements that the frequency of sampling and storing the motion state is at least 50Hz, the resolution of the video acquisition equipment is not less than (640 multiplied by 480) pixel points, the speed acquisition precision is at least 0.1km/h, the transverse and longitudinal position acquisition precision is at least 0.1m, and the acceleration acquisition precision is at least 0.1 m/s.

The human-computer interaction requirement of the vehicle is tested, and the automatic driving mode is started and closed to facilitate manual operation; prompt information of the system state and the man-machine conversion process is clear and visible.

The test method for simulating a rain and snow road surface in the present embodiment is as follows:

a test method for simulating rain and snow environment has test environment temperature of-10 deg.C or lower, wind speed not higher than 3m/s, flatness in test field, gradient less than 1%, air tower for simulating rain and snow, and air tower for simulating rain and snow according to vehicle condition and actual field condition, the speed of the vehicle is controlled to be kept between 40-60km/h, a front sensor 100m before entering a test road is transmitted to a sensor in an air tower, the air tower simulates rain and snow falling, the test process needs to be completed once, no rest is needed midway or other working conditions are needed, the air filter body and the air filter element module need to be measured, weighed and recorded according to the air filter body, the air filter element, the measurement before the test and the measurement after the test, and corresponding conclusions are drawn according to relevant parts such as an appendix front cabin, a cooling fan, front and rear headlights, a rear luggage case, an engine and the like after the test. After the test weighing is finished, all the front cabins and the air-filtered snow amount are not processed, and after the front cabins and the air-filtered snow amount are reset, the vehicle is placed outdoors for cold soaking for more than 8 hours, and whether the engine can be normally started or not is confirmed.

The method for testing the ice and snow road section in the embodiment is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps that meteorological conditions require snow-free weather, the environment temperature requires-10 ℃ and below, the wind speed is not more than 3m/s, the thickness of snow at a test section of an ice and snow road section is set to be not less than 110% of the minimum ground clearance of a test vehicle, the thickness of the snow is 10 mm-20 mm on the bottom layer of an ice surface, the upper layer of the snow is 10 mm-20 mm on the snow surface, the vehicle is configured to be started normally according to needs, after the vehicle is stable in state, the depth of the snow layer, the temperature of the snow layer and the density of the snow layer are selected outside the initial section of a selected area, and meteorological parameters such as air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and wind speed are recorded by a sensor; if the tested vehicle is driven by all wheels (if any), and if the tested vehicle is driven by all wheels, the differential locking is performed (if any), and the lowest gear is used for slowly entering the initial section; the tested vehicle enters the test section at a low speed, and the time, the track depth and the track width of the vehicle passing the test section are recorded after the vehicle smoothly passes the test section. If not, the phenomenon is recorded and the cause is analyzed.

The safety transition section driving test method in the embodiment is as follows:

the running test of the safe transition section is carried out at the ambient temperature of minus 10 ℃ and below, the safe transition section runs at 200m, and the road surface is a straight line section of an asphalt or cement road surface. During the test period, the test vehicle is kept for more than 8h at ambient temperature every day for testing. Checking the low-temperature service performance of the vehicle at the safety transition section, such as the subjective evaluation of the operation stability of the vehicle and the subjective evaluation of the braking performance test; the working state evaluation of the parts comprises internal and external ornaments, an electric device and a rubber and plastic piece. Checking whether abnormal sound, looseness, damage and other phenomena are generated in the dynamic process; and sealing each joint. Before and after each driving test, all the joints of the water tank, the water pump, the cylinder body, the cylinder cover, the air heating device and the like should be checked, and water (oil) leakage and leakage phenomena cannot occur.

The technical principles of the present invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the principles of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.