阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤改良剂及其制备方法 (Soil conditioner and preparation method thereof ) 是由 孙少华 周伟耿 冯伟 林少孟 梁明毅 杨志彬 于 2021-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及土壤改良技术领域,具体公开了一种土壤改良剂及其制备方法。一种土壤改良剂,由包括如下浓度的原料制得：椰壳活性炭粉200～300g/L、海藻渣40～60g/L、咖啡渣80～120g/L、复合微生物菌液2～4g/L,所述溶剂为水；所述复合微生物菌液由米曲霉、胶冻样芽孢杆菌、泾阳链霉菌按照浓度比(1～5):(0.5～2.5):(1～5)。本申请制得的土壤改良剂能够增加土壤中的有机质含量并降低土壤容重,使得土壤在连续耕作后,仍然保持较好的土壤团粒结构,土壤耕层透气透水性佳,进一步降低土壤发生次生盐渍化的可能性。(The application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly discloses a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. A soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in concentration: 200-300 g/L of coconut shell activated carbon powder, 40-60 g/L of seaweed residues, 80-120 g/L of coffee residues and 2-4 g/L of compound microorganism bacterium liquid, wherein the solvent is water; the compound microorganism bacterium liquid is prepared from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Streptomyces jingyangensis according to the concentration ratio of (1-5) to (0.5-2.5) to (1-5). The soil conditioner prepared by the application can increase the content of organic matters in soil and reduce the volume weight of the soil, so that the soil still keeps a better soil granular structure after continuous cultivation, the air permeability and the water permeability of a soil plough layer are good, and the possibility of secondary salinization of the soil is further reduced.)

1. The soil conditioner is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in concentration:

200-300 g/L of coconut shell activated carbon powder

Seaweed residues 40-60 g/L

80-120 g/L of coffee grounds

2-4 g/L of compound microbial liquid

The solvent is water;

the compound microorganism bacterium liquid is prepared from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Streptomyces jingyangensis according to the concentration ratio of (1-5) to (0.5-2.5) to (1-5).

2. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mesh number of the coconut shell activated carbon powder is 200-400 meshes.

3. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration ratio of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Streptomyces jingyangensis in the composite microbial liquid is (2-4): (1-2): 2-4).

4. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration ratio of the seaweed residues to the coffee residues is 1 (1.5-2).

5. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration ratio of the seaweed residues to the coconut shell activated carbon powder is 1 (4-5).

6. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon powder to the composite microbial liquid is 1 (0.01-0.015).

7. A method of producing a soil amendment according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, sterilizing the coconut shell activated carbon powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues;

s2, weighing Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, sterilized coconut shell activated carbon powder, seaweed residues and coffee residues according to the proportion, and stirring and blending the raw materials to obtain a blend material;

and S3, adding the mixture into water, and stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

8. A method of preparing a soil amendment according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S2, firstly, adding the sterilized coconut shell activated carbon powder, seaweed residues and coffee residues into water, adjusting the pH value to 7, then adding aspergillus oryzae, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyang, stirring and blending, and then placing in an environment of 30-35 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

Background

According to the investigation result of the soil condition of the farmland in China, the method comprises the following steps: at present, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied to farmland soil in China, although the yield of economic crops can be improved to a certain extent, the problems of secondary salinization, soil hardening and the like of different degrees can occur to the farmland soil generally about 3 years, and the quality of the subsequent farmland soil is reduced.

At present, the main measure for solving the problems of secondary salinization and soil hardening of farmland soil is to use loose soil essence, wherein the main component of the loose soil essence is polyacrylamide, but the loose soil essence is easily decomposed into carbon dioxide, water and ammonium nitrate under illumination. In the use process of the loose soil essence, farmers need to turn over farmland soil regularly, the loose soil essence moves upwards along with turning, and the loose soil essence is easy to be exposed under the sun, so that the decomposition of the loose soil essence is easy to lose efficacy. Therefore, the soil-loosening agent has poor durability of improving the soil of the farmland.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the salinization and hardening conditions of soil efficiently and durably, the application provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a soil conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in concentration:

the solvent is water;

the compound microorganism bacterium liquid is prepared from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Streptomyces jingyangensis according to the concentration ratio of (1-5) to (0.5-2.5) to (1-5).

By adopting the technical scheme, the coconut shell activated carbon powder is loose and porous, and still keeps a hard physical structure after absorbing water, so that the coconut shell activated carbon powder can play a role in supporting and ventilating in soil after being doped into the soil, and the possibility of hardening of the soil is reduced; meanwhile, the porous structure of the coconut shell activated carbon powder can play a good role in water retention and heat preservation, and provides a proper temperature and moisture environment for metabolism of strains in the composite microbial liquid; the seaweed residues are alkaline, the coffee residues are acidic, and the pH value of the soil conditioner is maintained at 6-7.5 by adjusting the proportion of the seaweed residues to the coffee residues, so that a proper pH environment is provided for the growth and the propagation of strains on one hand, and the pH value of acid soil or alkaline earth can be adjusted on the other hand; secondly, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues are rich in organic matters such as amino acid, protein and the like, and can provide sufficient nutrition for the growth and the propagation of strains;

thirdly, the colloid contained in the seaweed residues and the coconut shell activated carbon powder are matched for use, so that soil aggregates can be coated around the coconut shell activated carbon powder under the agglomeration action of the colloid to form fine particles, and the seaweed residues and the coconut shell activated carbon powder play a synergistic effect in the aspect of improving the soil aggregate structure, thereby solving the problem of soil hardening; in addition, the coconut shell activated carbon powder and the coffee grounds both contain porous structures, can store seaweed residues and compound microbial liquid, play a slow release role and enable the improvement effect of the soil conditioner to be lasting;

aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) and Streptomyces jingyansis (Streptomyces jingyansis) contained in the composite microbial liquid are compounded for use, and the synergistic effect is achieved in the aspects of dissolving potassium and fixing nitrogen, degrading mineral substances in soil, enhancing soil organic matters and improving soil structure, so that the penetration and absorption of mineral salt components in soil are promoted, and the possibility of secondary salinization is further reduced;

finally, the coconut shell activated carbon powder, the coffee grounds and the seaweed residues in the soil conditioner can be obtained by recycling and processing factory wastes, can be directly degraded in soil, is environment-friendly and is safe and nontoxic to human bodies.

Preferably, the mesh number of the coconut shell activated carbon powder is 200-400 meshes.

By adopting the technical scheme, the coconut shell activated carbon powder can ensure that the particle size of the agglomerated soil particles is moderate and the soil has good air permeability within the mesh range; smaller than the mesh range, the coconut shell activated carbon powder has too large particle size, which easily causes the soil to be too loose and to be sanded, thereby reducing the water retention effect of the soil.

Preferably, the concentration ratio of Aspergillus oryzae to Bacillus mucilaginosus to Streptomyces jingyangensis in the composite microbial liquid is (2-4): (1-2): 2-4.

By adopting the technical scheme, in the concentration range, all strains interact with each other, so that the metabolism rate of the strains is higher, and the soil improvement of the soil conditioner is efficient; and the survival time of the strain in the soil is long, so that the soil can be continuously improved.

Preferably, the concentration ratio of the seaweed residues to the coffee residues is 1 (1.5-2).

By adopting the technical scheme, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues can stably maintain the pH value of the soil conditioner system to be 6.5-7 within the concentration ratio range, and the environment is the optimum pH value environment of the compound microorganism bacterium liquid.

Preferably, the concentration ratio of the seaweed residues to the coconut shell activated carbon powder is 1 (4-5).

By adopting the technical scheme, the colloid in the seaweed residues, namely polysaccharide, oligosaccharide and coconut shell activated carbon powder which are rich in the seaweed residues, has good adsorption and condensation effects, and further improves the agglomeration durability of soil particles, so that the soil keeps long-acting air permeability and water permeability.

Preferably, the concentration ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon powder to the composite microbial liquid is 1 (0.01-0.015).

By adopting the technical scheme, in the concentration ratio range, the coconut shell activated carbon powder can fully absorb the composite microbial liquid, so that the composite microbial liquid can keep lasting activity in the coconut shell activated carbon powder.

In a second aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme.

A preparation method of a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

s1, sterilizing the coconut shell activated carbon powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues;

s2, weighing Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, sterilized coconut shell activated carbon powder, seaweed residues and coffee residues according to the proportion, and stirring and blending the raw materials to obtain a blend material;

and S3, adding the mixture into water, and stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

Preferably, in the step S2, the sterilized coconut shell activated carbon powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues are added into water, the pH value is adjusted to 7, and then aspergillus oryzae, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis are added, stirred and blended, and then placed in an environment of 30-35 ℃ for 10-15 days, so as to obtain the soil conditioner.

According to the technical scheme, the Aspergillus oryzae, the Bacillus mucilaginosus and the streptomyces jingyang are cultured firstly, so that the Aspergillus oryzae, the Bacillus mucilaginosus and the streptomyces jingyang can keep good activity, and the performances of the soil conditioner in the aspects of dissolving potassium and fixing nitrogen, degrading mineral substances in soil and enhancing organic matters in soil are further improved.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

1. in the application, the coconut shell activated carbon powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues are matched to provide a proper growth environment for the composite microbial liquid, so that the soil conditioner is rich in components capable of dissolving potassium, fixing nitrogen and degrading minerals in soil, thereby promoting the penetration and absorption of mineral salt components in the soil, obviously reducing the possibility of secondary salinization and hardening of the soil under continuous cultivation, and efficiently and durably improving the salinization and hardening conditions of the soil;

2. in the application, the coconut shell activated carbon powder and the seaweed residues are compounded, so that soil aggregates can be coated around the coconut shell activated carbon powder under the aggregation action of the colloid to form fine particles, and the seaweed residues and the coconut shell activated carbon powder play a synergistic effect in the aspect of improving the soil aggregate structure, thereby solving the problem of soil hardening;

3. aspergillus oryzae, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces jingyangensis are selected from the composite microbial liquid, the metabolism rate of the three strains is high, the activity is high, and the synergistic effect is achieved in the aspects of dissolving potassium and fixing nitrogen, degrading mineral substances in soil, enhancing soil organic matters and improving soil structure.

Detailed Description

Unless otherwise specified, the following examples and comparative examples have the following raw material sources:

aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae): purity 100%, CAS No.: 497-48-3, purchased from Weifang Ruichi Biotechnology Ltd;

bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucoarginosus): purity 100%, CAS No.: 107-21-1, was purchased from Weifang Rui Biotechnology Ltd;

streptomyces jingyangensis (Streptomyces jingyansis): the strain number is as follows: SHBCC D11058, available from Rachu Biotechnology (Jiangsu) Ltd;

coconut shell activated carbon powder: purchased from Olympic Water purification materials, Inc., Henan;

seaweed residues: the organic fertilizer contains 18-19% of protein, 60% of organic matters, 5% of NPK, 14% of ash and 14% of water, and is purchased from ocean biotechnology limited on sunshine moss;

coffee grounds: recycled from Shenzhen coffee production company.

Examples

Example 1

A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

s1, placing the coconut shell activated carbon powder (crushed, ground and sieved to have the specification of 100-200 meshes), the seaweed slag and the coffee slag under an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the irradiance of the ultraviolet lamp is 50 mu w/cm²Irradiating for 30min, and taking out;

s2, weighing 200g of coconut shell activated carbon powder with 100-mesh and 200-mesh meshes, 40g of seaweed residues, 80g of coffee residues, 1.8g of Aspergillus oryzae, 0.4g of Bacillus mucilaginosus and 1.8g of Streptomyces jingyang, and stirring and blending at the speed of 100rpm for 5min to obtain a blend;

s3, weighing 1L of distilled water, adding the blend into the distilled water, and stirring and blending at the speed of 100rpm for 10min to obtain the soil conditioner.

Examples 2 to 7 were prepared in the same manner as described above, and examples 2 to 7 were different in the content of each strain of the complex microorganism broth in the soil conditioner, and the specific contents are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1. examples 1-7 contents of respective strains constituting the complex microorganism bacterial liquid in the soil conditioner

Examples 8 to 12

The soil conditioner is different from the soil conditioner in example 6 in the content of coconut shell activated carbon powder, seaweed residue, coffee residue and compound microorganism bacterium liquid in the soil conditioner, and the specific content is shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 2 contents of respective raw materials in soil conditioners of examples 8 to 12

Raw materials	Example 6	Example 8	Example 9
				Coconut shell activated carbon powder/g	200	300	240
Seaweed residue/g	40	60	60
				Coffee grounds/g	80	120	120
Compound microorganism bacterium liquid/g	4	2	2
				water/L	1	1	1
Raw materials	Example 10	Example 11	Example 12
				Coconut shell activated carbon powder/g	240	240	240
Seaweed residue/g	60	60	60
				Coffee grounds/g	90	90	90
Compound microorganism bacterium liquid/g	2	2.4	3.6
				water/L	1	1	1

Note: the ratio of each strain in the complex microbial liquid in the embodiments 8 to 12 is the same as that in the embodiment 6.

Example 13

The soil conditioner is different from the soil conditioner in the embodiment 12 in that the coconut shell activated carbon powder is crushed and ground and then is sieved with 400 meshes of 200-mesh.

Example 14

A soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

s1, placing the coconut shell activated carbon powder (crushed, ground and sieved to have the specification of 100-200 meshes), the seaweed slag and the coffee slag under an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the irradiance of the ultraviolet lamp is 50 mu w/cm²Irradiating for 30min, and taking out;

s2, weighing 200g of 200-mesh coconut shell activated carbon powder, 40g of seaweed residues and 80g of coffee residues, adding the powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues into 1L of distilled water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100rpm for 10 min; measuring the pH value of the system, and adding baking soda or oxalic acid to adjust the pH value of the system to 7 to obtain a culture solution for later use;

and weighing 1.8g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.4g of bacillus mucilaginosus and 1.8g of streptomyces jingyangensis, putting into the culture solution, stirring and blending at the speed of 100rpm for 5min, and then putting into an incubator, wherein the temperature in the incubator is 30 ℃, and culturing for 10 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

Comparative example

Comparative examples 1 to 6

A soil conditioner is different from the soil conditioner in example 1 in the composition of raw materials in the soil conditioner, and the specific raw material composition and content are shown in the following table 3.

TABLE 3 contents of respective raw materials in soil conditioners of comparative examples 1 to 6

Performance test

Detection method

The method takes test field soil mainly used for planting corn and carrying out secondary salinization as a research object:

dividing 22 blocks in the test field into 1 × 1m²Test zones of (1), each of which the soil improvement agent prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was applied;

setting 1 area as a control group 1, wherein the control group 1 does not adopt any measures to reflect the change condition of continuous cultivation of the soil for 5 years under the condition that the soil in the test area does not adopt any improvement measures and only applies fertilizers;

setting 1 area as a control group 2, applying a loose soil essence solution with the concentration of 10g/L to the control group 2 to reflect the change condition of continuous cultivation of soil for 5 years under the condition that only loose soil essence and fertilizer are applied to the soil of a test area; the number of corns planted in each test area is consistent, the planting method of the corns is consistent, and the corns are continuously cultivated for 5 years.

Periodically collecting soil (collection depth is 0-15cm) of each test area, and measuring the pH value, organic matter content and soil volume weight of the soil: the content of organic matters in the soil reflects the fertility of the soil;

the soil volume weight reflects the curing degree of the soil, and the smaller the soil volume weight is, the higher the porosity of the soil is, and the better the air permeability and the water permeability are.

TABLE 4 improving effect on soil of examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 6

The pH value of the initial soil is changed within the range of 6-7, and the pH value of the planting soil is still maintained at 6-7 after 5 years of continuous cultivation by applying the soil conditioner prepared by the application method.

As can be seen by combining example 1 with comparative examples 1 to 3 and table 4, no coconut shell activated carbon powder was added in comparative example 1, no seaweed grounds were added in comparative example 2, and no coffee grounds were added in comparative example 3; comparative examples 1 to 3 the corresponding soil organic matter contents were lower than those of example 1 after 2 years and 5 years of continuous cultivation, and the corresponding soil capacities were higher in weight average than those of example 1; firstly, the coconut shell activated carbon powder, the seaweed residues and the coffee residues are shown to provide a proper growth environment for the composite microbial liquid, and the soil conditioner can play a long-acting improvement role; secondly, the compounding of the coconut shell activated carbon powder and the seaweed residues can be proved to play a role in synergy in the aspect of improving the soil aggregate structure, and the volume weight of the soil is obviously reduced.

By combining example 1 and comparative examples 4-6 with table 4, it can be seen that comparative example 4 is not doped with aspergillus oryzae, comparative example 5 is not doped with bacillus mucilaginosus, comparative example 6 is not doped with streptomyces jingyangensis, the soil treated by comparative examples 4-6 has a lower organic matter content than the soil treated by example 1 at the initial stage of improvement and a higher bulk density than the soil treated by example 1; the three strains are compounded to obviously improve the organic matter content of the soil and reduce the volume weight of the soil.

As can be seen by combining example 1 and control groups 1-2 with Table 4, control group 1 did not undergo any improvement treatment and had a soil volume weight of 1.45g/cm after continuous cultivation for 5 years³The temperature is raised to 1.57g/cm³The organic matter content of the soil is reduced from 10.81g/kg to 10.71 g/kg; while the control group 2 was treated with pine soil, the volume weight of the soil was 1.25g/cm after continuous cultivation for 5 years³Raised to 1.35g/cm³The soil treated by the loose soil essence can ensure that the surface layer of the soil is not hardened within 2 years, but the surface layer of the soil is still hardened after continuous cultivation for 5 years, the soil improvement effect is not durable, and the loose soil essence has no obvious effect on the improvement of the content of organic matters in the soil; therefore, the soil conditioner worthy of the application can ensure that the soil surface layer still does not have the hardening phenomenon after continuous cultivation for 5 years, and the volume weight of the soil is always lower than 1.4g/cm³The improvement effect is durable.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.