阅读说明：本技术 一种同时制备不同成形阶段的轴套零件的装置及方法 (Device and method for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts at different forming stages ) 是由 肖寒 陈磊 丁平 张雄超 陈昊 周禹航 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种同时制备不同成形阶段的轴套零件的装置及方法,属于半固态成形领域。一种同时制备不同成形阶段的轴套零件的装置,包括凸模、感应加热线圈、金属坯料、凹模、顶杆；凸模固定在液压机顶端位置,液压机控制凸模上下移动,凹模固定在液压机工作台面上；凸模上设有多个按圆周排列的压头,压头的高度依次减小,凹模上设有多个模腔,模腔位置与压头位置一一对应；将多个金属坯料先感应快速加热至固相线温度以上并保温,然后不同成形阶段的模具型腔内进行挤压变形并保压,保压结束后顶出零件并进行水淬,获得不同成形阶段的半固态轴套零件。本发明所述方法生产效率高、能耗低、材料利用率高、可一模制备多件不同成形阶段的轴套零件。(The invention discloses a device and a method for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts at different forming stages, and belongs to the field of semi-solid forming. A device for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts at different forming stages comprises a male die, an induction heating coil, a metal blank, a female die and a mandril; the male die is fixed at the top end of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press controls the male die to move up and down, and the female die is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press; the male die is provided with a plurality of pressure heads which are arranged according to the circumference, the heights of the pressure heads are sequentially reduced, the female die is provided with a plurality of die cavities, and the positions of the die cavities correspond to the positions of the pressure heads one by one; the method comprises the steps of firstly, rapidly heating a plurality of metal blanks to a temperature above a solidus line by induction, preserving heat, then carrying out extrusion deformation and pressure maintaining in mould cavities of different forming stages, ejecting parts after pressure maintaining and carrying out water quenching to obtain semi-solid shaft sleeve parts of different forming stages. The method has the advantages of high production efficiency, low energy consumption and high material utilization rate, and can prepare a plurality of shaft sleeve parts in different forming stages by one mold.)

1. The utility model provides a device of axle sleeve part of different shaping stages of preparation simultaneously which characterized in that: comprises a male die (1), an induction heating coil (2), a metal blank (3), a female die (4) and a mandril (5); the male die (1) is fixed at the top end of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press controls the male die (1) to move up and down, and the female die (4) is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press; a plurality of pressure heads which are arranged according to the circumference are arranged on the male die (1), the heights of the pressure heads are sequentially reduced, a plurality of die cavities are arranged on the female die (4), and the positions of the die cavities correspond to the positions of the pressure heads one by one; the diameter of a pressure head of the male die (1) corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the shaft sleeve part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die (4), and a cavity formed after the male die (1) and the female die (4) are assembled corresponds to the shape of the shaft sleeve part; a mandril (5) is correspondingly arranged under each female die (4), the mandril (5) is connected with an ejection device, the ejection device is positioned in a channel on the working table surface of the hydraulic press, and the male die (1), the female die (4) and the mandril (5) have the same central axis; an induction heating coil (2) with the diameter being 2-3cm larger than the outer diameter of the cavity is arranged at the position of 1-2cm above the cavity of the female die, each female die (4) corresponds to one induction heating coil (2), and the induction heating coils (2) are controlled through induction equipment.

2. The apparatus for simultaneously preparing sleeve parts at different forming stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the male die (1) is fixed at the top end of the hydraulic press through a rectangular template; the female die (4) is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press through a rectangular template and is kept fixed in the extrusion process.

3. The apparatus for simultaneously preparing sleeve parts at different forming stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ejection device is a hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod is positioned in a circular channel of the working table of the hydraulic machine, the ejector rod (5) is connected with hydraulic pressure, and the ejector rod (5) drives the metal blank (3) to move up and down.

4. The apparatus for simultaneously preparing sleeve parts at different forming stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the die materials of the male die (1), the female die (4) and the ejector rod (5) are H13 die steel.

5. The method for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts at different forming stages by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) firstly, respectively placing a plurality of metal blanks on ejector rods ejected out of each cavity in a required forming stage;

(2) rapidly heating the metal blank to 5-10 ℃ above the solidus temperature by induction and preserving the heat for 3-5 minutes;

(3) the mandril retracts to bring the heated metal blank back to the preheated die for extrusion deformation and pressure maintaining;

(4) and (4) ejecting the shaft sleeve part by the ejector rod after pressure maintaining and performing rapid water quenching.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the preheating temperature of the mold in the step (2) is 350-450 ℃.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step (2), the extrusion is rapid extrusion, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s; the pressure maintaining time after extrusion deformation is 5-10 seconds.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts at different forming stages, and belongs to the field of semi-solid forming.

Background

The semi-solid metal forming technology is one intermediate between liquid and solid metal forming technology. The forming method has the characteristics of stable filling, small thermal shock to the die, high compactness of a finished piece, low forming force and the like, has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like, and is considered to be a near-net forming technology with the development prospect in the century. However, due to the existence of the liquid-solid two phases, rigid plastic deformation, viscoplastic deformation, viscous flow, liquid-solid separation and other behaviors are generated in the rheological forming or thixoforming process, and structural defects such as component segregation, structural unevenness, shrinkage porosity and the like are caused, thereby further affecting the product quality. Research and exploration for the semi-solid metal forming process is particularly important.

The research method aiming at the semi-solid metal forming process mainly aims at researching the solid-liquid two-phase cooperative flow behavior, microstructure evolution, microscopic element segregation tendency, physical properties and chemical properties of the semi-solid metal material in different forming stages. The traditional preparation of samples of the semisolid metal in different extrusion molding stages mainly comprises the steps of controlling the stroke of a die pressure head to prepare samples of each molding stage respectively, or replacing different dies to prepare samples of each molding stage; the semi-solid sample prepared by the method has the advantages of long flow, complex process, higher cost and more uncontrollable factors.

The high-throughput preparation technology can be used for forming a large number of part samples with different forming processes at one time for scientific research, and the method has the advantages of high preparation efficiency, lower cost and simplicity in operation, and can reduce uncontrollable factors in the sample preparation process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of low material utilization rate, low efficiency, multiple uncontrollable factors and the like in the existing preparation method of shaft sleeve samples in different forming stages, and provides a device for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts in different forming stages, which has the advantages of reasonable structure, simple and convenient operation, realization of mechanical and automatic control and labor cost reduction; the device comprises a male die 1, an induction heating coil 2, a metal blank 3, a female die 4 and a mandril 5; the male die 1 is fixed at the top end position of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press controls the male die 1 to move up and down, and the female die 4 is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press; the male die 1 is provided with a plurality of pressure heads which are arranged according to the circumference, the heights of the pressure heads are sequentially reduced, the female die 4 is provided with a plurality of die cavities, and the positions of the die cavities correspond to the positions of the pressure heads one by one; the diameter of a pressure head of the male die 1 corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the shaft sleeve part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die 4, and a cavity formed after the male die 1 and the female die 4 are assembled corresponds to the shape of the shaft sleeve part; a mandril 5 is correspondingly arranged under each female die 4, the mandril 5 is connected with an ejection device, the ejection device is positioned in a channel on the working table surface of the hydraulic press, and the male die 1, the female die 4 and the mandril 5 have the same central axis; an induction heating coil 2 with the diameter 2-3cm larger than the outer diameter of the cavity is arranged at the position 1-2cm above the cavity of the female die, each female die 4 corresponds to one induction heating coil 2, and the induction heating coils 2 are controlled by induction equipment; the induction heating coil 2 of the present invention is preferably a high-frequency induction heating coil.

Preferably, the male die 1 is fixed at the top end of the hydraulic press through a rectangular template; the female die 4 is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press through a rectangular plate and is kept fixed in the extrusion process.

Preferably, the ejection device is a hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod is positioned in a circular channel of a working table of the hydraulic machine, the ejector rod 5 is connected with hydraulic pressure, and the ejector rod 5 drives the metal blank 3 to move up and down.

Preferably, the male die 1, the female die 4 and the ejector rod 5 are made of H13 die steel.

The invention also aims to provide a method for simultaneously preparing shaft sleeve parts in different forming stages, which utilizes a semi-solid forming technology and adopts a mould to prepare a plurality of shaft sleeve samples in different forming stages, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, respectively placing a plurality of metal blanks on ejector rods ejected out of each cavity in a required forming stage;

(2) rapidly heating the metal blank to 5-10 ℃ above the solidus temperature by induction and preserving the heat for 3-5 minutes; the heating mode of the invention is rapid heating, and the heating rate is preferably over 50 ℃/s.

(3) The mandril retracts to bring the heated metal blank back to the preheated die for extrusion deformation and pressure maintaining;

(4) and (4) ejecting the shaft sleeve part by the ejector rod after pressure maintaining and performing rapid water quenching.

Preferably, the preheating temperature of the mold in the step (2) of the invention is 350-.

Preferably, the extrusion in the step (2) of the invention is rapid extrusion, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s; the pressure maintaining time after extrusion deformation is 5-10 seconds.

The semi-solid shaft sleeve sample preparation method can prepare semi-solid shaft sleeve samples in different forming stages according to actual needs, control of different deformation amounts is achieved through the height of the male die 1, for example, 10 pressing heads which are arranged according to the circumference can be arranged on the male die 1, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% are arranged in sequence corresponding to different forming stages of shaft sleeve parts, and adjustment of the number and the height can be designed according to actual needs.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the shaft sleeve part is prepared by adopting a high-flux thixoextrusion molding method, and compared with the traditional thixoextrusion molding method, a plurality of shaft sleeve samples in different molding stages are molded at one time, so that the error in the preparation process of the sample part is reduced, and uncontrollable factors are reduced; the mould cavities of various forming stages can be manufactured according to the requirements, one set of mould has various using methods, a plurality of sets of moulds do not need to be manufactured, the mould does not need to be frequently replaced, the cost is reduced, the time is saved, and the efficiency is improved.

(2) The invention adopts the linkage forming of the ejector rod and the male die, the die opening and the part taking are convenient, the metal blank transferring step is not needed, the heat loss of the metal blank is reduced, the efficiency is improved, the part taking time is saved, and excellent precondition is provided for quenching; the semi-solid shaft sleeve part is formed in a backward extrusion mode, and the metal blank is stressed in a three-dimensional mode in the cavity, so that the uniformity and the compactness of the part are improved.

(3) The invention adopts high-frequency induction heating, has high heating efficiency and can ensure the temperature consistency of all parts of the metal blank; the rapid water quenching after extrusion forming is adopted, so that the high-temperature structure after forming can be effectively reserved, and good precondition is improved for researching the forming process of the thixoextrusion forming part.

(4) The invention can analyze the evolution law of semi-solid extrusion forming tissues by preparing shaft sleeve part samples in different forming stages, optimize the parameters of the semi-solid extrusion forming process, guide the actual industrial production and improve the comprehensive performance of semi-solid parts.

(5) The invention adopts a high-throughput thixotropic extrusion molding method to prepare the semi-solid part sample for scientific experimental analysis, can greatly improve the sample preparation efficiency and has scientific accuracy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single cavity die before high-throughput thixoextrusion molding of the shaft sleeve part.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single cavity die after the high-throughput thixoextrusion molding and die assembly of the shaft sleeve part.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cavity positions of the high-throughput thixoextrusion molding of the shaft sleeve part in each forming stage.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a high-throughput thixoextrusion molding die for shaft sleeve parts according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows the microstructure of ZCuSn10P1 axle sleeve part formed by high-throughput thixoextrusion at different forming stages according to example 1 of the present invention.

In fig. 2: 1-male die; 2-a heating coil; 3-a metal blank; 4-a female die; and 5, a mandril.

In fig. 5: a-the overall structure of the male die is shown schematically; b-schematic structural diagram of the whole concave die.

In fig. 6: a-10% copper alloy microstructure at the forming stage; b-20% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; c-30% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; d-40% of the copper alloy microstructure at the forming stage; e-50% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; f-60% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; g-70% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; h-80% of copper alloy microstructure in the forming stage; i-90% of the copper alloy microstructure at the forming stage; j-100% forming stage copper alloy microstructure.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures and examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.

The die structure used in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 2-3, and the device comprises a male die 1, an induction heating coil 2, a metal blank 3, a female die 4 and a mandril 5; the male die 1 is fixed at the top end position of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press controls the male die 1 to move up and down, and the female die 4 is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press; the male die 1 is provided with a plurality of pressure heads which are arranged according to the circumference, the heights of the pressure heads are sequentially reduced, the female die 4 is provided with a plurality of die cavities, and the positions of the die cavities correspond to the positions of the pressure heads one by one; the diameter of a pressure head of the male die 1 corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the shaft sleeve part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die 4, and a cavity formed after the male die 1 and the female die 4 are assembled corresponds to the shape of the shaft sleeve part; a mandril 5 is correspondingly arranged under each female die 4, the mandril 5 is connected with an ejection device, the ejection device is positioned in a channel on the working table surface of the hydraulic press, and the male die 1, the female die 4 and the mandril 5 have the same central axis; an induction heating coil 2 with the diameter 2-3cm larger than the outer diameter of the cavity is arranged at the position 1-2cm above the cavity of the female die, each female die 4 corresponds to one induction heating coil 2, and the induction heating coils 2 are controlled by induction equipment; the induction heating coil 2 of the present invention is preferably a high-frequency induction heating coil. The male die 1 is fixed at the top end of the hydraulic press through a rectangular template; the rectangular plate of the female die 4 is fixed on the working table of the hydraulic press and is kept fixed in the extrusion process. The ejection device is a hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod is positioned in a circular channel of the working table of the hydraulic machine, the ejector rod 5 is connected with hydraulic pressure, and the ejector rod 5 drives the metal blank 3 to move up and down. The die materials of the male die 1, the female die 4 and the ejector rod 5 are H13 die steel.

The use process of the die comprises the following steps: before the shaft sleeve part is extruded and formed, the hydraulic press controls the male die 1 to move back to the topmost end of the hydraulic press; respectively spraying graphite release agents on the surfaces of the male die 1, the female die 4 and the ejector rod 5 which are required to be used; the hydraulic press ejection device drives the ejector rod 5 to move to a complete ejection state; preheating the mold to 350-450 ℃ and preserving heat; respectively placing the metal blanks in the heating coils 2 on the mandril 5 for induction rapid heating and keeping the temperature for a period of time; the hydraulic press drives the ejector rod 5 to return to the die cavity, and the ejector rod 5 drives the heated metal blank 3 to move towards the die cavity until the blank completely enters the preheated die cavity; the hydraulic press drives the male die 1 to vertically move downwards, so that the male die 1 and the female die 4 are closed, the pressure is maintained for a period of time, then the hydraulic press is controlled to enable the male die 1 to return to the topmost end of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press controls the ejection device to drive the ejector rod 5 to eject the shaft sleeve part 3, and the shaft sleeve part is taken out and then rapidly water-quenched; in the whole extrusion forming process, the operation of the die is simple, the mechanization is easy to realize, shaft sleeve parts in different forming stages can be formed at one time, finally obtained part samples have uniform technological parameters, and the parts are prepared and formed in the same batch and the same die, and uncontrollable factors are few.

Example 1

In the high-throughput thixotropic preparation method for the copper alloy shaft sleeve part, the process flow is shown in fig. 1, the mold structure is shown in fig. 2-3, and the specific steps are as follows:

(1) the material of the present example is ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy, and the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy are measured to be 876.1 ℃ and 1024.2 ℃.

(2) Spraying graphite release agent on the surfaces of all the male die, the female die and the ejector rod, preheating the male die and the female die to 450 ℃ and preserving heat; 10 rolled ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy billets of 65mm by 30mm dimensions were placed on all the ejector pins of the fully ejected state, respectively, and the 10 metal billets were rapidly heated to 910 ℃ by a high-frequency induction heating coil and held for 5 minutes.

(3) The heated metal blank returns to the die cavity along with an ejector rod controlled by a hydraulic press, the hydraulic press is controlled to enable the male die to vertically move downwards at the speed of 15mm/s, and the pressure is maintained for 10s after extrusion.

(4) And after the pressure maintaining is finished, controlling the hydraulic machine to drive the male die to retreat to the topmost end of the extruder, ejecting the parts by the ejector rod, and taking out all the parts for rapid water quenching.

This example successfully produced 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% forming stage sleeve part samples.

Fig. 6 shows the microstructure of the zconsn 10P1 copper alloy sleeve component obtained in this embodiment at different forming stages, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that there are large differences in the grain size, grain shape and solid fraction in the microstructure of the sleeve component at different forming stages. As the forming stage increases, the grains become more regular and the solid-liquid distribution more uniform. Therefore, the semi-solid copper alloy shaft sleeve parts in different forming stages can be prepared by the method to analyze the tissue evolution law in the semi-solid extrusion forming process, optimize the actual production process and improve the comprehensive performance of the parts.

Example 2

The high-throughput thixotropic preparation method for the aluminum alloy shaft sleeve part, which is disclosed by the embodiment, has the preparation process flow as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the material of the embodiment is 7075 aluminum alloy, and the solid-liquid line temperature range of the 7075 aluminum alloy is 540-638 ℃.

(2) Spraying graphite release agent on the surfaces of all the male die, the female die and the ejector rod, preheating the male die and the female die to 350 ℃ and preserving heat; 10 deformed 7075 aluminum alloy blanks with the size of 65mm multiplied by 30mm are respectively placed on all the ejector rods in the complete ejection state, 10 metal blanks are inductively heated to 550 ℃ through a heating coil, and the temperature is kept for 3 minutes.

(3) And returning the heated 7075 aluminum alloy blank to the die cavity along with an ejector rod controlled by a hydraulic press, controlling the hydraulic press to enable the male die to vertically move downwards at the speed of 13mm/s, and maintaining the pressure for 10s after extrusion.

(4) And after the pressure maintaining is finished, controlling the hydraulic machine to drive the male die to retreat to the topmost end of the extruder, ejecting the parts by the ejector rod, and taking out all the parts for rapid water quenching.

This example successfully produced 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% forming stage samples of aluminum alloy sleeve parts.

Example 3

The high-throughput thixotropic preparation method for the titanium alloy shaft sleeve part, which is disclosed by the embodiment, has the preparation process flow as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the material of the embodiment is Ti14 titanium alloy, and the solid-liquid line temperature range of the Ti14 titanium alloy is measured to be 900-990 ℃.

(2) Spraying graphite release agent on the surfaces of all the male die, the female die and the ejector rod, preheating the male die and the female die to 450 ℃ and preserving heat; 10 deformed Ti14 titanium alloy billets of 65mm x 30mm size were placed on all the ejector pins of the full ejection state, respectively, and 10 metal billets were induction heated to 910 ℃ by an induction heating coil and kept warm for 5 minutes.

(3) And returning the heated Ti14 titanium alloy blank to the die cavity along with an ejector rod controlled by a hydraulic press, controlling the hydraulic press to enable the male die to vertically move downwards at the speed of 15mm/s, and maintaining the pressure for 10s after extrusion.

(4) And after the pressure maintaining is finished, controlling the hydraulic machine to drive the male die to retreat to the topmost end of the extruder, ejecting the parts by the ejector rod, and taking out all the parts for rapid water quenching.

This example successfully produced 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% forming stage samples of titanium alloy sleeve parts.