阅读说明：本技术 一种原位在线监测湿地污染事件的可视化系统 (Visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events ) 是由 邓欢 李晨露 刘圳 李欣宇 钟文辉 于 2021-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种原位在线监测湿地污染事件的可视化系统,该系统包括第一传感器、第二传感器和可视化监测终端；第一传感器包括主阳极、水面阴极、电阻,所述主阳极埋设在底泥中,水面阴极设置在水面中,主阳极、水面阴极与电阻通过导线连接；第二传感器包括副阳极和空气阴极,所述副阳极埋设在底泥中,空气阴极暴露在空气中,副阳极和空气阴极之间通过导线连接；所述可视化监测终端包括第一数据采集卡、第二数据采集卡和计算机系统。该系统可以原位在线监测污染物类型并对突发性污染事件及时报警,监测结果可视化呈现,监测过程环保无污染,装置轻便、边际成本低,所以适合大规模布点监测。(The invention discloses a visual system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events, which comprises a first sensor, a second sensor and a visual monitoring terminal, wherein the first sensor is connected with the second sensor; the first sensor comprises a main anode, a water surface cathode and a resistor, wherein the main anode is buried in the bottom mud, the water surface cathode is arranged in the water surface, and the main anode and the water surface cathode are connected with the resistor through leads; the second sensor comprises an auxiliary anode and an air cathode, the auxiliary anode is embedded in the bottom mud, the air cathode is exposed in the air, and the auxiliary anode and the air cathode are connected through a lead; the visual monitoring terminal comprises a first data acquisition card, a second data acquisition card and a computer system. The system can monitor the pollutant types on line in situ and give an alarm in time for sudden pollution events, the monitoring result is visually presented, the monitoring process is environment-friendly and pollution-free, the device is portable, the marginal cost is low, and the system is suitable for large-scale stationing monitoring.)

1. The utility model provides a visual system of normal position on-line monitoring wetland pollution incident which characterized in that: the system comprises a first sensor, a second sensor and a visual monitoring terminal;

the first sensor comprises a main anode, a water surface cathode and a resistor, wherein the main anode is buried in the bottom mud, the water surface cathode is arranged in the water surface, and the main anode and the water surface cathode are connected with the resistor through leads;

the second sensor comprises an auxiliary anode and an air cathode, the auxiliary anode is embedded in the bottom mud, the air cathode is exposed in the air, and the auxiliary anode and the air cathode are connected through a lead;

the visual monitoring terminal comprises a first data acquisition card, a second data acquisition card and a computer system, wherein the first data acquisition card is connected with the first sensor and is used for collecting voltage data V₁And transmitting to computer system, wherein the second data acquisition card is connected with the second sensor for collecting voltage data V₂And transmitted to the computer system.

2. A visualization system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the water surface cathode is sleeved at the bottom of the floating ring, and the floating ring is connected with the main anode through a buffer rope.

3. A visualization system as recited in claim 2, wherein: the air cathode is sleeved in the stabilizing ring, and the stabilizing ring and the floating ring are fixed in parallel through the fixing rod.

4. A visualization system as recited in claim 3, wherein: the stabilizing ring and the floating ring are penetrated through by a stabilizing rod.

5. A visualization system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the main anode and the auxiliary anode are made of stainless steel tubes or carbon felts; the water surface cathode and the air cathode are made of graphite, bamboo charcoal, stainless steel, platinum or titanium.

6. The method for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events by using the visualization system of claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, laying a first sensor and a second sensor: respectively embedding a main anode and an auxiliary anode in bottom mud, sleeving a water surface cathode at the bottom of a floating ring, connecting the floating ring with the main anode through a buffer rope, enabling the water surface cathode to be always positioned at the position of the water surface, sleeving an air cathode in a stabilizing ring, fixing the stabilizing ring and the floating ring in parallel through a fixing rod, and finally penetrating the stabilizing ring and the floating ring through the stabilizing rod;

step 2, connecting the main anode and the water surface cathode with a lead to form a first sensor, connecting the auxiliary anode and the air cathode with a lead to form a second sensor, and then respectively connecting the first sensor, the first data acquisition card and the computer system, and connecting the second sensor, the second data acquisition card and the computer system;

and 3, controlling the water outlet of the water outlet to sequentially pass through the air cathode and the water surface cathode, and according to the voltage data V of the first data acquisition card displayed by the computer system₁And voltage data V of the second data acquisition card₂The pollutant type of the water can be judged: v₁And V₂All appear voltage peaks, and the pollutants are acids or heavy metals with oxidation-reduction potential more than 0; ② V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁The voltage is reduced, and the pollutants are organic pollutants; ③ V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁The voltage is not changed, and the discharged substances of the sewage draining outlet are water or salt solution; iv V₁And V₂The voltage is not changed, then the sewage outlet is arrangedNo liquid was discharged.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events.

Background

Wetlands such as rivers, lakes and the like often become a sink for receiving industrial sewage discharge. A large amount of waste water containing heavy metals is produced in the production processes of mines, electroplating, paper making and the like, and serious threat is caused to the environment. In recent years, monitoring and disposal of sudden water pollution events are very important for the governments of the ecological environment department, the water conservancy department and all levels of local governments, and a series of documents are intensively issued, including guidance opinions about establishing a joint defense joint control mechanism for the sudden water pollution events on the upstream and downstream of a cross-provincial drainage basin, emergency monitoring working rules for extra-large sudden water environment events, emergency plan compiling guidelines for the sudden environment events of a centralized surface water drinking water source region, and the like. Aims to discover and rapidly dispose pollution in time and better protect wetland ecology and drinking water safety. To achieve this goal, monitoring techniques are first needed that can detect sudden water pollution events in a timely manner.

Traditional water pollution monitoring mostly relies on regular or irregular manual sampling, or reports by the masses. Not only the cost is higher, but also the discovery of the pollution event is lagged, and early warning and processing cannot be carried out in time. And along with the flow of water and the diffusion of pollutants in the water body, the pollutants are usually disappeared already by the time of sampling. Unless large scale pollution discharge occurs, ecological disasters are caused in surrounding or downstream water bodies, and the small scale pollution discharge behavior of a factory is difficult to perceive by the traditional monitoring method.

Patent CN206740690U discloses a monitoring system for fast responding to water pollution, which can detect water pollution events at the first time by continuously monitoring voltage signals generated by water bottom mud in real time, but the system can only realize 'fast' response to water pollution and cannot give indication to the type of pollutants; patent CN212722714U discloses a sensor of normal position on-line monitoring and absorption heavy metal pollution under wetland environment, can the heavy metal pollution under the normal position on-line monitoring wetland environment, but this sensor also realizes on-line monitoring through the measuring voltage numerical value, and voltage numerical value is difficult to the visual display voltage variation trend, needs the manual work to look for massive voltage data and judges whether to take place the pollution, seriously influences discovery and the treatment effeciency to the pollution incident.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a visual system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events comprises a first sensor, a second sensor and a visual monitoring terminal;

the first sensor comprises a main anode, a water surface cathode and a resistor, wherein the main anode is buried in the bottom mud, the water surface cathode is arranged in the water surface, and the main anode and the water surface cathode are connected with the resistor through leads;

the second sensor comprises an auxiliary anode and an air cathode, the auxiliary anode is embedded in the bottom mud, the air cathode is exposed in the air, and the auxiliary anode and the air cathode are connected through a lead;

the visual monitoring terminal comprises a first data acquisition card, a second data acquisition card and a computer system, wherein the first data acquisition card is connected with the first sensor and is used for collecting voltage data V₁And transmitting to computer system, wherein the second data acquisition card is connected with the second sensor for collecting voltage data V₂And transmitted to the computer system.

In order to ensure that the cathode on the water surface is always positioned on the water surface, the invention adopts the floating ring and the buffer rope to fix the cathode on the water surface. Specifically, the floating ring is a circular ring made of light materials capable of floating on the water surface, the cathode of the water surface is sleeved at the bottom of the floating ring, the floating ring is connected with the main anode through the buffer rope, the length of the buffer rope can be set along with the water level, and the floating ring is ensured to float along with the water level.

Also, in order to ensure that the air cathode is always exposed to the air, the air cathode is fixed by a stabilizing ring; meanwhile, when monitoring is carried out, the water outlet of the water outlet needs to sequentially pass through the air cathode and the water surface cathode, so that the stabilizing ring and the floating ring are fixed in parallel through the fixing rod.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the overturning and horizontal displacement of the structure formed by the stabilizing ring and the floating ring and destroy the reliability of the monitoring result, the invention also provides a stabilizing rod penetrating through the stabilizing ring and the floating ring. Preferably, the stabilizing rod can be inserted into the substrate sludge, so that the air cathode and the water surface cathode are stably arranged.

Preferably, the main anode and the auxiliary anode are made of stainless steel tubes or carbon felts; the water surface cathode and the air cathode are made of graphite, bamboo charcoal, stainless steel, platinum or titanium.

The method for carrying out in-situ online monitoring on the wetland pollution event by adopting the visualization system comprises the following steps:

step 1, laying a first sensor and a second sensor: respectively embedding a main anode and an auxiliary anode in bottom mud, sleeving a water surface cathode at the bottom of a floating ring, connecting the floating ring with the main anode through a buffer rope, enabling the water surface cathode to be always positioned at the position of the water surface, sleeving an air cathode in a stabilizing ring, fixing the stabilizing ring and the floating ring in parallel through a fixing rod, and finally penetrating the stabilizing ring and the floating ring through the stabilizing rod;

step 2, connecting the main anode and the water surface cathode with a lead to form a first sensor, connecting the auxiliary anode and the air cathode with a lead to form a second sensor, and then respectively connecting the first sensor, the first data acquisition card and the computer system, and connecting the second sensor, the second data acquisition card and the computer system;

and 3, controlling the water outlet of the water outlet to sequentially pass through the air cathode and the water surface cathode, then discharging the water, and displaying the water according to the voltage data V of the first data acquisition card displayed by the computer system₁And voltage data V of the second data acquisition card₂The pollutant type of the water can be judged: v₁And V₂All appear voltage peaks, and the pollutants are acids or heavy metals with oxidation-reduction potential more than 0; ② V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁The voltage is reduced, and the pollutants are organic pollutants; ③ V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁The voltage is unchanged, and the discharged substances of the sewage draining outlet are water or salt; iv V₁And V₂And if the voltage is not changed, the sewage draining outlet does not drain any liquid.

In the previous research of the inventor, an anode is usually embedded into bottom mud, then a cathode is arranged in overlying water to form an anode-overlying water cathode sensor, and the voltage or current change between the anode and the cathode is detected through an externally connected data acquisition card to realize the alarm of pollutant emission, but the method cannot identify the type of pollutants and cannot monitor the emission of non-metallic pollutants. In the invention, the inventor creatively designs the anode-air cathode, and the anode and the air cathode are in an open circuit without connecting any lead or resistor, and unexpectedly finds that when distilled water, salt solution, heavy metal solution or organic wastewater is controlled to sequentially pass through the air cathode and the water surface cathode, the anode-air cathode sensor generates an upward voltage peak and gradually falls back. Using this discovery, the inventors have combined an anode-air cathode sensor with an anode-on-water cathode sensor to achieve an indication of the type of contaminant by determining the difference in the responses of the two sensors.

The data acquisition card writes the voltage signal data acquired in real time into a target path csv file in a computer system, Python reads the csv file in real time and visualizes the csv file to a tkiner graphical interface, the time interval between every two voltage signals and an alarm are defined by a user before operation, and the visual interface is continuously refreshed according to the defined time interval. A threshold is set, a set entry of the threshold is on a tkiner form interface, the threshold can identify the electrical signal rules and modes of different environments through statistics and a machine learning algorithm, and a stable value is selected and set automatically; and manual setting can be carried out manually. When the threshold value is exceeded, the program judgment condition directly triggers the music file of 'alert, mp3' in the folder path to be played on the computer system as an alarm, and similarly, the playing time length, the volume, the circulation and the like can be defined by a user.

Through long-term research, the inventor and the team thereof find that the river and lake bottom mud generally contains electrogenic bacteria. The bacteria can output chemical energy generated by decomposing organic matters in the form of electric signals. The visual system principle for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events is as follows: all aqueous solutions promote the electrochemical reaction at the air cathode, causing the potential to rise. And only H⁺And heavy metals with oxidation-reduction potential more than 0 can cause the cathode potential on the water surface to riseDue to the fact that⁺Can promote the cathode surface H⁺+e^-+O₂→H₂O reaction, and heavy metals with oxidation-reduction potential > 0 can be reduced on the cathode surface by electrons, thereby promoting the cathode reaction to cause V₁Rising, a voltage peak occurs. The oxygen content of the organic waste water solution is low, so that the electrochemical reaction of a water surface cathode is hindered, and V is caused₁And decreases. The invention utilizes Python to dynamically read and analyze voltage data and transmits the data to a QT interface for visual presentation, a data window in the system updates the broken line graph and data in real time, and alarm ring is triggered when the broken line graph and data exceed a threshold value, so that the system is particularly suitable for being applied to a sewage outlet of a factory and the like. The contaminant species can be judged according to the following characteristics: v₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁A voltage peak appears, and the pollutant is acid or heavy metal with the oxidation-reduction potential more than 0; ② V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁The voltage is reduced, and the pollutants are organic pollutants; ③ V₂A voltage peak, V, appears₁When the voltage is unchanged, the discharged substances of the sewage draining outlet are water or salt; iv V₂、V₁And if the voltage is not changed, the sewage draining outlet does not drain any liquid.

The system has the advantages that the system can monitor the pollutant types on line in situ and give an alarm in time for sudden pollution events, the monitoring result is visually presented, the monitoring process is environment-friendly and pollution-free, the device is portable, the marginal cost is low, and the system is suitable for large-scale stationing monitoring.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events, in which: 1 is a main anode, 2 is an auxiliary anode, 3 is a water surface cathode, 4 is an air cathode, 5 is a floating ring, 6 is a stabilizing ring, 7 is a fixing rod, and 8 is a stabilizing rod.

Fig. 2 is a visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events in embodiment 1, wherein: 1 is a main anode, 2 is an auxiliary anode, 3 is a nylon rope, 4 is a floating ring, 5 is a water surface cathode, 6 is a wood stick, 7 is a stabilizing ring, 8 is an air cathode, 9 is a wood stick, 10 is a resistor and 11 is a lead.

Fig. 3 and 4 are voltage curves in embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a voltage curve in example 2.

Fig. 6 is a voltage curve in example 3.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a visualization system and a method for online monitoring wetland pollution events in situ.

In a laboratory, a stainless steel tube (phi 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm) of a main anode 1 and a stainless steel tube (phi 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm) of a secondary anode 2 are completely inserted into the substrate sludge, and a titanium wire is led out. The water surface cathode 5 is made of a stainless steel net with the aperture of 0.5 mm and fixed on the foam floating ring 4, the air cathode 8 is made of a stainless steel net with the aperture of 2 mm and fixed on the foam stabilizing ring 7, and the foam floating ring 4 and the foam stabilizing ring 7 are fixed in parallel by three wood rods 6 with the length of 5 cm. Three nylon ropes 3 of 10 cm length are then used to connect the floating collar 4 to the primary anode 1. After the construction is finished, a wood rod 9 with the length of 30 cm is used as a stabilizing rod to be inserted into the bottom mud for fixing. A titanium wire is respectively led out from the water surface cathode 5 and the air cathode 8, the water surface cathode 5 is connected with a 20K omega resistor 10 through a wire and is connected with the main anode 1 in series, the wire of the air cathode 8 is directly connected with the auxiliary anode 2, voltage data are collected through a data acquisition card and are transmitted to a computer system, and the voltage threshold value for triggering alarm is set as follows: v within 5 seconds₁Or V₂The voltage increases or decreases by more than 20 mV.

When 30 mL of potassium dichromate solution with the concentration of 4 ppm, 8 ppm, 16 ppm and 32 ppm is poured into the sewage outlet, V₂、V₁The images of (2) all show a voltage peak (fig. 3) and give an alarm; then, 10 mL of HCl solution with concentration of 0.0001M, 0.001M, 0.01M was added dropwise over the air cathode, and V was measured₂、V₁All the images of the digital television have voltage peaks and simultaneously give out alarmsSound is announced (fig. 4).

Example 2

A monitoring system was constructed with reference to example 1. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in a laboratory, a stainless steel tube (phi 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm) of a main anode and an auxiliary cathode is completely inserted into the sediment, and a titanium wire is led out. The stainless steel tubes (phi 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm) of the main anode and the auxiliary cathode are completely inserted into the bottom mud, and the titanium wire lead is led out. The water surface cathode is made of a stainless steel mesh with the aperture of 0.5 mm and fixed on the foam floating ring, the air cathode is made of a stainless steel mesh with the aperture of 2 mm and fixed on the foam stabilizing ring, and the floating ring and the stabilizing ring are fixed in parallel by three wood bars with the length of 5 cm. The floating ring was then connected to the main anode with three 10 cm long nylon ropes. After the construction is finished, a wood rod with the length of 30 cm is used as a stabilizing rod and inserted into the bottom mud for fixing. Leading out a titanium wire lead from the water surface cathode and the air cathode respectively, connecting the water surface cathode with a 20K omega resistor through a lead to be connected with the main anode in series, directly connecting the air cathode lead with the auxiliary anode, recording voltage data through a data acquisition card respectively and transmitting the voltage data to a computer system, and setting a voltage threshold value for triggering alarm as follows: v within 5 seconds₁Or V₂The voltage increases or decreases by more than 20 mV. Dropwise adding 10 mL of organic wastewater V with DO =2.9 mg/L above an air cathode₂The image has a voltage peak and gives an alarm sound, V₁A warning sound is also emitted when the voltage drops rapidly over 20mV (fig. 5).

Example 3

A river sewage outlet is selected in the test site, and a monitoring system is built according to embodiment 1. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the stainless steel tubes (phi 5 cm multiplied by 10 cm) of the main anode and the auxiliary cathode are completely inserted into the bottom mud, and the titanium wire lead is led out. The water surface cathode is made of a stainless steel mesh with the aperture of 0.5 mm and fixed on the foam floating ring, the air cathode is made of a stainless steel mesh with the aperture of 2 mm and fixed on the foam stabilizing ring, and the floating ring and the stabilizing ring are fixed in parallel by three 10 cm-long wood bars. Then three nylon ropes with the length of 2 m are used for connecting the floating ring with the main anode. After the construction is finished, a wood rod with the length of 3 m is used as a stabilizing rod and inserted into the bottom mud for fixing. A titanium wire is respectively led out from the water surface cathode and the air cathode, and the water surface cathode is connected with a 20K omega resistor and a main anode string by the wiresIn the combined mode, an air cathode lead is directly connected with an auxiliary anode, voltage data are recorded by a data acquisition card and are transmitted to a computer system, and the voltage threshold for triggering alarm is set as follows: v within 5 seconds₁Or V₂The voltage increases or decreases by more than 20 mV. When 10 mL of 10 ppm sodium chloride solution is poured into the drain, V is in the data window of the computer system₂The image of (a) shows a voltage peak and gives out an alarm sound, V₁The image of (2) has no voltage peak (fig. 6).