阅读说明：本技术 一种超细氯化银粉末的制备方法 (Preparation method of superfine silver chloride powder ) 是由 袁帅 李代颖 刘济宽 吕凡 张杜娟 游立 张宏亮 于 2021-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超细氯化银粉末的制备方法,在离子型表面活性剂、饱和脂肪酸和水溶性高分子聚合物三种分散剂的协同作用下,使硝酸银与含氯溶液反应,经洗涤、过滤、烘干得到产品；反应烘干后的氯化银颗粒尺寸范围可满足大部分氯化银浆的生产需求,无须经过破碎筛分等后处理工序,有效解决氯离子腐蚀不锈钢设备的难题；本发明解决了传统氯化银粉末制备工艺中易结块难后处理的技术问题,所得粉末尺寸稳定在0.5～5μm,无须后处理,操作简便、反应效率高,特别适用于氯化银浆的生产需要。(The invention discloses a preparation method of superfine silver chloride powder, which comprises the steps of reacting silver nitrate with a chlorine-containing solution under the synergistic action of an ionic surfactant, saturated fatty acid and a water-soluble high-molecular polymer dispersant, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a product; the size range of silver chloride particles after reaction and drying can meet the production requirements of most silver chloride slurry, and the problem that chloride ions corrode stainless steel equipment is effectively solved without post-treatment procedures such as crushing, screening and the like; the invention solves the technical problem that the traditional silver chloride powder preparation process is easy to agglomerate and difficult to post-treat, the size of the obtained powder is stable at 0.5-5 mu m, post-treatment is not needed, the operation is simple and convenient, the reaction efficiency is high, and the method is particularly suitable for the production requirement of silver chloride slurry.)

1. A preparation method of superfine silver chloride powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps

Respectively preparing silver nitrate solution with silver ion concentration of 1mol/L and chlorine-containing solution with chlorine ion concentration of 1 mol/L; sequentially weighing three dispersants, namely an ionic surfactant, saturated fatty acid and a water-soluble high-molecular polymer, adding the three dispersants into deionized water, and dissolving and mixing the three dispersants uniformly to obtain a dispersant solution;

mixing the components in a volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.3, quickly pouring the silver nitrate solution and the chlorine-containing solution into the dispersant solution at the same time, and mechanically stirring until the mass ratio of the ionic surfactant to the solid silver nitrate is 1: 100-10: 100, the mass ratio of saturated fatty acid to solid silver nitrate is 1: 100-10: 100, the mass ratio of the water-soluble high-molecular polymer to the solid silver nitrate is 0.1: 100-5: 100, respectively;

performing solid-liquid separation by using a Buchner funnel, and simultaneously cleaning the powder to be neutral by adopting 50% ethanol solution;

and putting the obtained powder into a box with pores, covering the box cover, and putting the box into a drying box for drying to obtain the superfine silver chloride powder with the particle size of 0.5-5 mu m.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the chlorine-containing solution is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride solution, potassium chloride solution, and ferric chloride solution.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the chlorine-containing solution is prepared by dissolving 113g of NaCl in 1L of DI water.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ionic surfactant is CTAB or SDS, the saturated fatty acid is lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and the water-soluble high molecular polymer is PVP or gelatin.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dispersant solution is prepared by adding 3-30 g SDS, 3-30 g lauric acid and 1.5-15 g PVP into 500ml deionized water.

6. The method for preparing ultrafine silver chloride powder according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical stirring time is 5 to 60 min.

7. The method for preparing ultrafine silver chloride powder according to claim 1, wherein the drying is performed at a temperature ranging from 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ for 8h to 24 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of silver chemical production and preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of superfine silver chloride powder.

Background

Silver chloride is a common silver chemical product, and submicron ultrafine powder of the silver chloride is mostly used for producing silver chloride slurry. At present, domestic reports on the preparation of industrial ultrafine silver chloride powder are not common.

Chinese patents CN201210169981 and CN102701266 report that a hydrothermal method is adopted to reduce EG solution of silver nitrate, silver chloride and PVP mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid, the solution is cooled after reacting for a certain time, and a sample is extracted by centrifugation to finally obtain leaf-shaped or flower-shaped silver chloride with a micron structure. The silver chloride prepared by the method is used in the field of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, and is not suitable for production of silver chloride slurry.

Industrially, the superfine silver chloride powder for silver paste is prepared by reacting silver nitrate solution with chlorine-containing solution under the action of a single dispersant. The silver chloride prepared by the method has a wide particle size range, the dried powder is easy to agglomerate, crushing and screening treatment is needed, and chloride ions corrode stainless steel equipment, so that the post-treatment process is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of submicron-grade superfine silver chloride powder aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem that the prepared silver chloride powder is easy to agglomerate and difficult to post-treat in the preparation process is effectively solved, and the prepared silver chloride powder is stable in size of 0.5-5 mu m and is suitable for production of silver chloride slurry.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing superfine silver chloride powder comprises the following steps

Step one, solution preparation: weighing and preparing a silver nitrate solution in a beaker 1, adjusting the volume of the solution until the concentration of silver ions is 1mol/L, weighing and preparing a chlorine-containing solution in a beaker 2, and adjusting the volume of the solution until the concentration of chlorine ions is 1 mol/L; sequentially weighing a dispersant 1, a dispersant 2 and a dispersant 3 in a beaker 3, and adding deionized water while stirring until the dispersants are dissolved and uniformly mixed;

step two, synthesis reaction: placing the mechanical stirring into the dispersant solution in a beaker 3, the volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.3, rapidly pouring the silver nitrate solution and the chlorine-containing solution into the beaker 3 at the same time, and then continuing to mechanically stir for a period of time; the dispersing agent 1 is a common ionic surfactant, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent 1 to solid silver nitrate is 1: 100-10: 100, which is charged to provide a repulsive force to counter the attractive force between the particles during the reaction, creating an energy barrier against agglomeration; the dispersing agent 2 is saturated fatty acid, and the mass ratio of the saturated fatty acid to the solid silver nitrate is 1: 100-10: 100, the chain structure of the polymer is densely distributed on the surface of a crystal nucleus to form a coating film in the reaction process, a space barrier for resisting agglomeration is established, and a dispersant 3 is a water-soluble high polymer, and the mass ratio of the dispersant to solid silver nitrate is 0.1: 100-5: 100, the macromolecules of the silver chloride powder form coordination bonds with atoms on the surface of silver ions through nitrogen atoms or oxygen atoms, and the coordination bonds are difficult to fall off after reaction, so that the powder is difficult to agglomerate and agglomerate in the drying process, and the stability of the micron silver chloride powder in the size range is enhanced;

step three, washing and filtering: performing solid-liquid separation by using a Buchner funnel, and simultaneously cleaning the powder to be neutral by adopting 50% ethanol solution;

step four, drying the powder: and putting the obtained powder into a box with pores, covering the box cover, and putting the box into a drying box for drying to obtain the superfine silver chloride powder with the particle size of 0.5-5 mu m.

Further, the chlorine-containing solution is prepared from common soluble chlorides, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride solution, potassium chloride solution, and ferric chloride solution. Preferably, the chlorine-containing solution is prepared by dissolving 113g of sodium chloride in 1L of deionized water.

Further, the ionic surfactant includes, but is not limited to, CTAB, SDS, saturated fatty acids including, but not limited to, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and water-soluble high molecular polymers including, but not limited to, PVP, gelatin. Preferably, the dispersing agent solution is prepared by adding 3-30 g of SDS, 3-30 g of lauric acid and 1.5-15 g of PVP into 500ml of deionized water.

The preparation method of the superfine silver chloride powder has the advantage that the mechanical stirring time is 5-60 min.

The superfine silver chloride powder is dried for 8 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 50 and 80 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, three dispersants are compounded for use, the intergranular repulsive force and the macromolecular space barrier are provided in the reaction process, the growth of crystal nuclei is inhibited, part of the dispersant which is difficult to fall off can prevent agglomeration of particles in the drying process, and the prepared silver chloride powder is ensured to be stable in size of 0.5-5 microns.

The preparation method effectively controls the growth rate of crystal nuclei in the reaction process, prevents agglomeration and caking after drying, stabilizes the size of the dried silver chloride powder at 0.5-5 mu m, and can meet the requirement of subsequent silver paste production. The reaction is carried out at normal temperature, the product is obtained after the solution is dried by adopting a rapid opposite adding mode, the post-treatment is not needed, the operation is simple and convenient, the reaction efficiency is high, and the method is suitable for large-batch rapid production.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the ultrafine silver chloride powder prepared in example 1.

Detailed Description

In order to better explain the invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the invention, but the content of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the invention should be covered within the protection scope of the invention.

Example 1

(1) Weighing 300g of silver nitrate in a beaker 1, and adjusting the volume of the solution to 1.76L to obtain a solution A;

(2) weighing 113g of sodium chloride in a beaker 2, dissolving the sodium chloride in 1L of deionized water, and adjusting the volume of the solution to 1.95L to obtain a solution B;

(3) weighing 6g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3 in sequence, adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and mixed uniformly to obtain a solution C;

(4) placing the mechanical stirring into the solution C in the beaker 3, rapidly pouring the solution A and the solution B into the beaker 3 simultaneously, and then continuing stirring for 30 min;

(5) performing solid-liquid separation by using a Buchner funnel, and simultaneously cleaning the powder to be neutral by adopting a 50% ethanol solution;

(6) putting the obtained powder into a box with a cover and pores, putting into a drying oven, and drying at 60 deg.C for 16h to obtain superfine silver chloride powder shown in figure 1.

Example 2

Partial adjustments were made on the basis of example 1: and (3) sequentially weighing 3g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 3

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 15g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 4

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 30g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 5

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 3g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 6

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 15g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 7

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 30g of lauric acid and 3g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the materials are dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

Example 8

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 1.5g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the materials are dissolved and mixed uniformly to obtain a solution C.

Example 9

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 7.5g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the materials are dissolved and mixed uniformly to obtain a solution C.

Example 10

On the basis of example 1, partial adjustments were made: and (3) sequentially weighing 6g of SDS, 9g of lauric acid and 15g of PVP in a beaker 3, and adding 500ml of deionized water while stirring until the mixture is dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain a solution C.

As can be seen from the data in the table, the process can be used for preparing the superfine silver chloride powder with the particle size of 0.5-5 mu m. After the addition amount of the dispersing agent 1 reaches 3% of the mass of the silver nitrate, the influence of the addition amount on the particle size of the powder is small, and the silver content of the powder tends to be reduced along with the increase of the addition amount; the addition of dispersant 2 was the amount described in example 1, which resulted in the smallest particle size of the powder and a tendency to decrease the silver content of the powder with increasing addition; the addition amount of the dispersant 3 has little influence on the particle size of the powder, and the silver content of the powder is obviously reduced along with the increase of the addition amount.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.