阅读说明：本技术 一种奶牛青贮饲料发酵剂及其应用 (Cow silage starter and application thereof ) 是由 靳辉 黄洋 周国艳 于雄胜 于 2021-09-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种奶牛青贮饲料发酵剂,涉及动物饲料技术领域。奶牛青贮饲料发酵剂包括以下重量份的原料：微生物菌粉25～40份、酶制剂5～10份和复合助剂25～30份；所述微生物菌粉包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌粉、蜡状芽孢杆菌菌粉和凝结芽胞杆菌菌粉,且其质量比为1～2：1～2：3～6。本发明的奶牛青贮饲料发酵剂可显著降低青贮饲料中纤维素的含量,显著增加了粗蛋白和粗脂肪等营养物质的含量,且色泽与青贮前改变不大,质地松软,适口性好,且发酵周期短,成本低。(The invention discloses a dairy cow silage starter, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds. The dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent; the microbial powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder is 1-2: 1-2: 3 to 6. The dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increases the content of nutrient substances such as crude protein, crude fat and the like, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.)

1. The dairy cow silage starter is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;

the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1-2: 3-6.

2. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;

the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1: 3.

3. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to claim 1, wherein the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is greater than 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is more than 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is more than 10⁸cfu/g。

4. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase, the beta-glucanase and the xylanase is 1-2: 1-2.

5. The dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch in a mass ratio of 5-7: 8-12: 1-3: 30-40.

6. Use of the dairy cow silage starter culture according to any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of dairy cow silage, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of the dairy cow silage starter culture is used per ton of silage.

7. The application of claim 6, wherein the dairy cow silage starter culture is revived in water at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the dairy cow silage starter culture to the water is 1: 15-25.

8. The preparation method of the silage for the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) regulating the water content of the freshly harvested ensiled straws to 68-70%, and crushing the freshly harvested ensiled straws into small sections for later use;

(2) reviving the dairy cow silage starter culture of any one of claims 1-5 by the method of claim 7 for use;

(3) and (3) filling the segment-shaped silage straws obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation cellar pool, spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (2) once every time when silage straws with the thickness of 4-6 cm are filled, finally compacting, sealing by using a film, and fermenting for more than 23 days at the temperature of 20-35 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof.

Background

Silage, a coarse fodder obtained by inhibiting the reproduction of various mixed bacteria through the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactobacillus under the condition of closed oxygen deficiency by using plant feed containing much water, is mainly used for feeding ruminants.

However, because of the wide sources of ensiling raw materials, some ensiling raw materials such as corn straws have high lignin and cellulose content, the ensiling fermentation time is long, the nutrition loss is large, and the ensiling process is easy to mildew.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the skilled person is to provide a silage process to improve the quality of silage.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of microbial powder, 5-10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25-30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;

the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1-2: 3-6.

Has the advantages that: the dairy cow silage starter contains a microbial agent, an enzyme preparation and a compound additive, wherein the microbial agent comprises aerobic bacteria bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and anaerobic bacteria bacillus coagulans. In the initial fermentation stage, the aerobic bacteria are rapidly rejuvenated and grow and reproduce by using the composite auxiliary agent to become a dominant flora in the fermentation cellar, so that the inhibition effect on mildew bacteria or pathogenic bacteria is achieved, the silage raw materials are degraded to a certain degree, the anaerobic bacteria are gradually activated along with the consumption of oxygen by the aerobic bacteria to replace the aerobic bacteria to become the dominant flora in the cellar, and the lactic acid fermentation and after-ripening are further carried out. The silage starter disclosed by the invention can improve the palatability of silage, promote the gastrointestinal digestion of the cow, reduce the occurrence probability of gastrointestinal diseases, make the silage soft and fragrant, and improve the appetite and food intake of the cow.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a composite auxiliary agent;

the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus cereus powder to the bacillus coagulans powder is 1: 3.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is more than 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is more than 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is more than 10⁸cfu/g。

As a preferable technical scheme, the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase is 1-2: 1-2.

Has the advantages that: the cellulase, the beta-glucanase, the xylanase and the microorganism bacteria have synergistic effect, the degradation rate of fiber substances in the silage is improved, the yield of volatile fatty acid is improved, the components such as beta-glucan generated by degradation can improve the immunity of the dairy cow, and the negative influence of environmental stress on the dairy cow is relieved.

According to the preferable technical scheme, the composite auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 5-7: 8-12: 1-3: 30-40.

Has the advantages that: the compound additive can be used as a carrier of microbial powder and an enzyme preparation on one hand, and provides carbon and nitrogen sources for aerobic microorganisms at the initial stage of fermentation on the other hand, so that a target microbial flora becomes a dominant flora quickly, the aerobic fermentation time is shortened, the anaerobic lactic acid fermentation stage is started as soon as possible, and the nutrient loss of silage is reduced.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the dairy cow silage starter in preparing the dairy cow silage, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of starter is used for each ton of silage.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the leavening agent is revived in water at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 15-25.

Has the advantages that: when the fermentation agent is used, warm water is used for reviving the fermentation agent, microorganisms and enzymes in the fermentation agent enter a stress state and can quickly enter a fermentation process, and on the other hand, the fermentation agent is diluted into a solution and can be easily and uniformly mixed with silage.

The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the silage for the dairy cows, which comprises the following steps:

(1) regulating the water content of the freshly harvested ensiled straws to 68-70%, and crushing the freshly harvested ensiled straws into small sections for later use;

(2) recovering the upper leavening agent in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 15-25 for later use;

(3) and (3) filling the segment-shaped silage straws obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation cellar pool, spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (2) once every time when silage straws with the thickness of 4-6 cm are filled, finally compacting, sealing by using a film, and fermenting for more than 23 days at the temperature of 20-35 ℃.

According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses and provides a dairy cow silage starter and application thereof. The dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increases the content of nutrient substances such as crude protein, crude fat and the like, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a dairy cow silage starter, the used raw materials are all available on the market, the sources of the raw materials are not specifically limited, and the related methods, if not specially mentioned, are all conventional methods and are not repeated.

Example 1

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powderComprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)⁸cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 10⁹cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 10⁸cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.

Example 2

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of microbial powder, 5 parts of an enzyme preparation and 25 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 2: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is 5.7 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is 6.1 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 2: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 5: 8: 1: 30.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.

Example 3

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of microbial powder, 10 parts of an enzyme preparation and 30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 2: 1: 6 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus cereus powder is 5.7 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans powder is 1.5 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises fiberThe mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 2: 1: 2; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 7: 12: 3: 40.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter culture.

Comparative example 1

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of microbial powder, 5 parts of an enzyme preparation and 30 parts of a composite auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)⁸cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 10⁹cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 10⁸cfu/g); the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.

Comparative example 2

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder, 8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 27 parts of a compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial powder is Bacillus coagulans powder with viable count of 6.1 × 10⁸cfu/g; the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.

Comparative example 3

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of enzyme preparation and 27 parts of compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase and xylanase, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the beta-glucanase to the xylanase is 1: 1; the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.

Comparative example 4

A dairy cow silage starter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of microbial powder and 27 parts of compound auxiliary agent. Wherein the microbial bacteria powder comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, bacillus cereus powder and bacillus coagulans powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1: 3 (the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 4.2 multiplied by 10)⁸cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus cereus powder 2.9 × 10⁹cfu/g, viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder 6.1 × 10⁸cfu/g); the compound auxiliary agent comprises peptone, glucose, diammonium hydrogen citrate and corn starch, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the glucose to the diammonium hydrogen citrate to the corn starch is 6: 10: 2: 35.

The raw materials are evenly mixed to obtain the cow silage starter of the comparative example.

Example 4

The cow silage leavening agents obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were applied to silage of corn stalks.

(1) Cutting the corn straws, adjusting the water content of the cut corn straws to 68-70%, and crushing the cut corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm.

(2) And calculating the dosage of the required leavening agent according to the filling quantity of one ton of silage in each fermentation tank, wherein 0.5-1.5 kg of leavening agent is used for each ton of silage. The cow silage leavening agents of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 are revived for 40min by warm water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and the mass volume ratio of the leavening agent to the water is 1: 20.

(3) And (3) filling the segmented corn straws into a fermentation tank, spraying the leavening agent solution recovered in the step (2) on the surface after every 4-6 cm of corn straws are filled, and then continuously filling. And finally compacting, sealing by using a film, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and finishing the fermentation for 23 days.

Example 5

The fermented silage obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was subjected to sensory and physicochemical tests and compared with the data before fermentation of the silage, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

The results in table 1 show that the dairy cow silage starter culture can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increase the content of nutrients such as lactic acid, crude protein and crude fat, has the advantages of little change of color and luster with that before silage, soft texture, good palatability, short fermentation period and low cost.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.