阅读说明：本技术 有机胺卤盐催化甘油和二氧化碳合成碳酸甘油酯的方法 (Method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with organic amine halide salt ) 是由 鲁厚芳 罗聪 王滨燊 吴可荆 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了有机胺卤盐催化甘油和二氧化碳合成碳酸甘油酯的方法,反应以二氧化碳和甘油作为原料,过程绿色环保,产物碳酸甘油酯应用广泛。催化剂制备以有机胺和氢卤酸为原料,在水溶液中通过酸碱中和反应得到有机胺卤盐,经减压蒸馏后获得目标离子液体催化剂。与现有催化剂相比,本发明中离子液体催化剂制备流程简单、易操作、能耗低。催化剂对一锅法中的两步反应均具有很好的催化活性,反应在较为温和的条件下进行,实现常压下高效固定二氧化碳为高附加值化学品碳酸甘油酯。(The invention discloses a method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with organic amine halide salt, wherein the carbon dioxide and the glycerol are used as raw materials in the reaction, the process is green and environment-friendly, and the product glycerol carbonate is widely applied. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the steps of taking organic amine and halogen acid as raw materials, carrying out acid-base neutralization reaction in an aqueous solution to obtain organic amine halide salt, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain the target ionic liquid catalyst. Compared with the existing catalyst, the ionic liquid catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation and low energy consumption. The catalyst has good catalytic activity on two-step reactions in a one-pot method, the reactions are carried out under mild conditions, and the efficient fixation of carbon dioxide into high value-added chemical glycerol carbonate under normal pressure is realized.)

1. The method for synthesizing the glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with the organic amine halide salt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the catalyst is organic amine halide salt ionic liquid.

2. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic amine has a structure shown in a formula 1;

in the formula 1R₁、R₂And R₃Each independently selected from C₁～C₈Straight chain or branched alkyl, or hydrogen, or a structure containing one or more of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and imino.

3. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic amine has a structure shown in a formula 2;

in the formula 2R₁、R₂、R₃And R₄Each independently selected from C₁～C₈Or hydrogen, or a structure containing one or more of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and imino; and R is₁And R₂And/or R₂And R₃And/or R₃And R₄Optionally bonded to form a ring.

4. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and catalyzing the reaction of the carbon dioxide, the glycerol and the alkylene oxide by using a catalyst to generate the glycerol carbonate.

5. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alkylene oxide is at least one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, butylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, glycidol, styrene oxide, glycidyl ether and allyl glycerol ether.

6. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic amine contains one or more cyclic structures.

7. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the molar ratio of alkylene oxide to glycerol is 1-10: 1, the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-10 mol% of the glycerol, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.1-5 MPa.

8. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the reaction temperature is 70-130 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-12 h.

9. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: reacting halogen acid with organic amine according to the molar ratio of 0.25-1: 1 to obtain organic amine halide salt.

10. The method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide by using organic amine halide salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: reacting halogen acid with organic amine according to the molar ratio of 0.25-1: 1, and carrying out vacuum distillation on a product to obtain the organic amine halide salt.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of catalysis, in particular to a method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with organic amine halide salt.

Background

Biodiesel is a green, renewable energy source developed in recent years, but the by-product glycerol yield is about 10 wt% of biodiesel yield. With the development of biodiesel in large quantities, the supply of glycerol is seriously excessive in the world, so that the price of glycerol drops rapidly, the export of glycerol becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the sustainable development of the biodiesel industry is also hindered. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to platform compounds with high added value such as glycerol carbonate, 1,3 propanediol, acrolein, and the like is an ideal strategy. The strategy can not only reduce the pressure caused by the excess of glycerol production capacity, but also bring economic benefit by producing more valuable glycerol derivatives and promote the healthy development of the biodiesel industry.

The carbonic acid glyceride has the advantages of good water solubility, biodegradability, high boiling point, low toxicity, low flammability, high flash point and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of medicines, cosmetics, foods and the like. Meanwhile, the carbonic glyceride has good reaction activity, can react with alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, isocyanate and the like to directionally synthesize various derivatives, including intermediates for producing polymers such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide and the like, and can also be used for preparing surfactants and lubricating oil or serving as electrolyte carriers in lithium batteries.

In the traditional method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by using glycerol as a raw material, a carbon monoxide carbonyl oxidation method and a phosgene method are gradually eliminated because the raw material has high toxicity and the production process is difficult to treat and cannot meet the requirement of green chemistry. The transesterification of glycerol with dialkyl carbonates or cyclic carbonates, the alcoholysis of glycerol with urea, and the direct reaction of glycerol with carbon dioxide are currently the most studied methods. In patent CN110180524A applied by university of great university of great university of great university of great university of great university of great university of great university of great university of great deal of great university of great. However, dimethyl carbonate, which is a raw material of the ester exchange reaction, needs to be synthesized by methyl alcohol ester exchange through ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate needs to be prepared by reacting ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with carbon dioxide, and the reaction needs to be carried out in sections, so that the production cost is high. In CN105664907A of Jiangnan university, the prepared zinc oxide is reported to catalyze the alcoholysis reaction of glycerol and urea, but the reaction needs to be kept at a pressure of 1-3 kPa to ensure the transfer of a byproduct, namely ammonia gas. The direct reaction of glycerol and carbon dioxide to synthesize glycerol carbonate is the greenest scheme, the reaction byproduct is only water, and the atom utilization rate is 87%. However, the reaction is limited by thermodynamics and the yield of glycerol carbonate is still low under very severe conditions. As reported by the university of Indian Anna, after the reaction is carried out in a eutectic solvent for 24 hours at 90 ℃ by taking Schiff base as a catalyst and a molecular sieve as a dehydrating agent, the yield of the glycerol carbonate is only 8 percent. The alkylene oxide is used as a coupling agent and is introduced into a carbon dioxide and glycerol reaction system, so that the thermodynamic limit of the reaction between the carbon dioxide and glycerol is favorably broken. During the reaction, the alkylene oxide first fixes carbon dioxide to form cyclic carbonate, and then the cyclic carbonate and glycerol are subjected to transesterification reaction under mild conditions to synthesize glycerol carbonate. In CN108855038A of southeast university, a porous catalyst synthesized by taking barium salt and cerium salt as raw materials under the action of a template agent is reported, and the porous catalyst is used for catalyzing alkylene oxide, glycerol and carbon dioxide to react and synthesize glycerol carbonate by a one-pot method. However, the preparation of the metal catalyst requires template pore-forming and high-temperature calcination, and the process is complex and the operation cost is high. In addition, the process still needs harsh reaction conditions, needs to be carried out under the pressure of 2MPa carbon dioxide, and cannot realize the conversion of carbon dioxide into glycerol carbonate under normal pressure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of harsh reaction conditions and low product yield of the prior art, and provides a method for synthesizing glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with organic amine halide salt.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the method for synthesizing the glycerol carbonate by catalyzing glycerol and carbon dioxide with the organic amine halide salt comprises the step of using the organic amine halide salt as a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is organic amine halide salt ionic liquid.

Preferably, the organic amine has a structure shown in formula 1;

in the formula 1R₁、R₂And R₃Each independently selected from C₁～C₈Straight chain or branched alkyl, or hydrogen, or a structure containing one or more of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and imino.

Preferably, the organic amine has a structure shown in formula 2;

in the formula 2R₁、R₂、R₃And R₄Each independently selected from C₁～C₈Or hydrogen, or a structure containing one or more of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and imino; and R is₁And R₂And/or R₂And R₃And/or R₃And R₄Optionally bonded to form a ring.

Preferably, the catalyst catalyzes the reaction of carbon dioxide, glycerol and an alkylene oxide to glycerol carbonate.

Preferably, the alkylene oxide is at least one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, butylene oxide, hexylene oxide, glycidol, styrene oxide, glycidyl ether, and allyl glycerol ether.

Preferably, the organic amine contains one or more cyclic structures.

Preferably, the molar ratio of the alkylene oxide to the glycerin is 1-10: 1, the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-10 mol% of the glycerin, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.1-5 MPa.

Preferably, the reaction temperature is 70-130 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-12 h.

Preferably, the halogen acid and the organic amine react according to the molar ratio of 0.25-1: 1 to obtain the organic amine halide salt.

Preferably, the halogen acid and the organic amine are reacted according to the molar ratio of 0.25-1: 1, and the product is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain the organic amine halide salt.

The organic amine halide salt ionic liquid prepared by the invention is used as a catalyst, carbon dioxide, glycerol and alkylene oxide are used as raw materials for catalyzing the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by a one-pot method, and the organic amine can be one of 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, 1, 5-diazabicyclononene, 7-methyl-1, 5, 7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene, pyridine, 1-methylimidazole, triethylamine and triethanolamine. The hydrohalic acid is one of hydriodic acid, hydrobromic acid and hydrochloric acid; the alkylene oxide can be one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, butylene oxide, styrene oxide or glycidyl ether.

In the reaction process, the ring opening of the alkylene oxide is reacted with carbon dioxide under the coactivation of halogen and glycerol to generate cyclic carbonate; subsequently, glycerol activated by halogen and cyclic carbonate are subjected to ester exchange reaction to synthesize glycerol carbonate, organic amine cations play a role of stabilizing intermediates in the reaction process, and organic amines with rings and polycyclic rings are more beneficial to the stability of the reaction intermediates.

The glycerin is not only a reactant in the process, but also can play a role of co-catalysis, and the glycerin and the organic amine halide salt ionic liquid are matched with each other, so that the reaction pressure can be reduced.

The invention has the following advantages:

(1) compared with the method for preparing the glycerol carbonate by the transesterification reaction of the glycerol and the carbonic ester, the method for preparing the glycerol carbonate with high added value directly takes the industrial by-product glycerol and the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide as raw materials for the reaction, does not need to separate and purify intermediates, simplifies the process flow, is economic and environment-friendly, and accords with the aim of green chemistry.

(2) Compared with the reported catalyst for synthesizing the glycerol carbonate by carbon dioxide, glycerol and alkylene oxide through a one-pot method, the ionic liquid catalyst disclosed by the invention is simple to prepare, low in energy consumption and higher in catalytic activity.

(3) In the invention, the conversion rate of alkylene oxide is more than 99%, the conversion rate of glycerol can reach 92%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate can reach 92%; under the carbon dioxide pressure of 0.1MPa, the yield of the carbonic acid glyceride can reach 91%, the catalytic reaction can be carried out under a mild condition, and the carbonic acid glyceride can be prepared at a high yield under the carbon dioxide normal pressure.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments of the present invention.

Thus, the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Stirring an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of organic amine of 10-100% at 0-50 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; dropwise adding a halogen acid aqueous solution into an organic amine solution at a speed of 0.1-5 mL/min according to a molar ratio of halogen acid to organic amine of 0.25-1: 1, and continuously stirring for 1-24 h at 0-50 ℃ after dropwise adding; and after the reaction is finished, distilling the solution for 1-7 hours at the temperature of 30-70 ℃ and the pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa to obtain the product, namely the organic amine halide salt ionic liquid catalyst.

Adding alkylene oxide and glycerol into a reaction kettle according to the mol ratio of 1-10: 1, wherein the dosage of an ionic liquid catalyst is 0.1-10 mol% of the glycerol, charging carbon dioxide of 0.1-5.0 MPa into the reaction kettle, and reacting for 0.5-12 h at 70-130 ℃.

Example 1:

stirring 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene with the mass concentration of 100% at 5 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; dropwise adding a hydriodic acid aqueous solution into 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene at the speed of 0.1mL/min according to the molar ratio of hydriodic acid to organic amine of 1:1, and continuously stirring for 24 hours at 25 ℃ after the dropwise addition is finished; after the reaction is finished, distilling the solution for 7h at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the pressure of 0.01MPa to obtain the product, namely the 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene iodonium salt ionic liquid catalyst. Adding propylene oxide and glycerol into a reaction kettle according to the molar ratio of 4:1, adding the ionic liquid catalyst with the glycerol amount of 1 mol%, filling 2.0MPa of carbon dioxide into the reaction kettle, and reacting for 4 hours at 100 ℃. The conversion rate of the obtained epoxypropane is more than 99 percent, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 92 percent, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 92 percent.

Example 2:

catalyst preparation and reaction procedure the same as in example 1, the aqueous solution of hydroiodic acid of example 1 was adjusted to a molar ratio of hydroiodic acid to 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene of 0.5: 1. The conversion rate of propylene oxide obtained by the reaction was 93%, the conversion rate of glycerin was 90%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 88%.

Example 3:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, except that the aqueous solution of hydroiodic acid in example 1 was replaced with an aqueous solution of hydrobromic acid. The conversion of propylene oxide obtained by the reaction was 83%, the conversion of glycerin was 83%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 77%.

Example 4:

catalyst preparation and reaction procedure the same as in example 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene in example 1 was replaced with 1, 5-diazabicyclononene. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 96 percent, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 92 percent, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 92 percent

Example 5:

catalyst preparation and reaction procedure the same as in example 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene from example 1 was replaced with 7-methyl-1, 5, 7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 98%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 92%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 92%.

Example 6:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1 except that 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene was replaced with triethylamine in example 1. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 96 percent, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 87 percent, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 87 percent

Example 7:

catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1 except that 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene was replaced with triethanolamine in example 1. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 97%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 84%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 80%.

Example 8:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, and the molar ratio of propylene oxide to glycerol in example 1 was adjusted to 3: 1. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 96%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 89%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 86%.

Example 9:

the catalyst preparation and the reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to glycerin added in example 1 was adjusted to 0.75%. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 96%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 89%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 86%.

Example 10:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, and the carbon dioxide pressure in example 1 was adjusted to 1.0 MPa. The conversion rate of propylene oxide obtained by the reaction was 94%, the conversion rate of glycerin was 91%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 88%.

Example 11:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, and the reaction temperature in example 1 was adjusted to 90 ℃. The conversion rate of propylene oxide obtained by the reaction was 93%, the conversion rate of glycerin was 85%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 82%.

Example 12:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, and the reaction time in example 1 was adjusted to 2 h. The conversion rate of propylene oxide obtained by the reaction was 88%, the conversion rate of glycerin was 87%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 83%.

Example 13:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, except that the propylene oxide in example 1 was replaced with styrene oxide. The conversion rate of styrene oxide obtained by the reaction is 91%, the conversion rate of glycerol is 91%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate is 82%.

Example 14:

the catalyst preparation and the reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, the propylene oxide in example 1 was replaced with epichlorohydrin, the molar ratio of alkylene oxide to glycerin in example 1 was adjusted to 2:1, and the pressure of carbon dioxide was adjusted to 0.1 MPa. The conversion rate of the epichlorohydrin obtained by the reaction is 91%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 49%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 49%.

Example 15:

the catalyst preparation and the reaction procedure were the same as in example 15, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to glycerin added in example 15 was adjusted to 10 mol%. The conversion rate of the epichlorohydrin obtained by the reaction is 95%, the conversion rate of the glycerin is 85%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 85%.

Example 16:

the catalyst preparation and reaction procedure were the same as in example 16, except that the catalyst in example 16 was replaced with potassium iodide. The conversion rate of the epichlorohydrin obtained by the reaction is 72%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 65%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 63%.

Example 17:

the reaction procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the ionic liquid catalyst in example 1 was replaced with potassium iodide. The conversion rate of the propylene oxide obtained by the reaction is 96%, the conversion rate of the glycerol is 81%, and the yield of the glycerol carbonate is 80%.

Example 18:

the catalyst preparation and the reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, the propylene oxide in example 1 was replaced with styrene oxide, the molar ratio of alkylene oxide to glycerol was adjusted to 2:1, the carbon dioxide pressure was adjusted to 0.1MPa, and the molar ratio of catalyst added to glycerol was adjusted to 5 mol%. The conversion rate of styrene oxide obtained by the reaction is 95%, the conversion rate of glycerol is 86%, and the yield of glycerol carbonate is 85%.

Example 19:

the catalyst preparation and the reaction procedure were the same as in example 1, the propylene oxide in example 1 was replaced with styrene oxide, the reaction time in example 1 was adjusted to 8h, the molar ratio of alkylene oxide to glycerol was adjusted to 3:1, the carbon dioxide pressure was adjusted to 0.1MPa, and the molar ratio of catalyst addition to glycerol was adjusted to 5 mol%. The conversion rate of styrene oxide obtained by the reaction is 97%, the conversion rate of glycerol is 91% and the yield of glycerol carbonate is 91%.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.