阅读说明：本技术 一种用于氢燃料电堆的氢气消除系统 (Hydrogen elimination system for hydrogen fuel galvanic pile ) 是由 李世刚 刘哲男 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种用于氢燃料电堆的氢气消除系统,包括消氢反应器、氢气缓冲罐、进气口、排气口、管线布置、流量计、加热器等,消氢反应器中装有高效消氢催化剂。氢燃料电堆运行时会排出少量未经利用的氢气和大量的空气,利用氢气消纳催化剂,可以高效消除排放出的氢气,消氢反应器可以通过加热提高消除效率。本系统解决了消除氢气效率低的技术难题,进一步提高了氢燃料电堆的安全性。在消除氢气反应的过程中,本系统有效利用了电堆运行产生的热量,优化了消氢系统的设计,具备投资少、空间小、系统高度集成、消除效率高的优势。(The invention provides a hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel electric pile, which comprises a dehydrogenation reactor, a hydrogen buffer tank, an air inlet, an exhaust port, a pipeline arrangement, a flowmeter, a heater and the like, wherein a high-efficiency dehydrogenation catalyst is filled in the dehydrogenation reactor. When the hydrogen fuel electric pile operates, a small amount of unused hydrogen and a large amount of air can be discharged, the discharged hydrogen can be efficiently eliminated by utilizing the hydrogen absorption catalyst, and the elimination efficiency of the dehydrogenation reactor can be improved by heating. The system solves the technical problem of low hydrogen elimination efficiency, and further improves the safety of the hydrogen fuel electric pile. In the process of eliminating hydrogen reaction, the system effectively utilizes the heat generated by the operation of the galvanic pile, optimizes the design of the hydrogen elimination system, and has the advantages of less investment, small space, high system integration and high elimination efficiency.)

1. A hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) comprising a hydrogen inlet (2), a hydrogen outlet (5), an air inlet (3), an air outlet (6), characterized in that: comprises a dehydrogenation reactor (11), wherein a dehydrogenation catalyst is arranged in the dehydrogenation reactor (11); the hydrogen-removing hydrogen reactor comprises a plurality of gas pipelines, wherein each gas pipeline comprises a hydrogen outlet pipeline (7), an air outlet pipeline (8), a hydrogen-removing air pipeline (9) and a tail gas emptying pipeline (10), the hydrogen outlet pipeline (7) is connected with a hydrogen outlet (5) of a hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) and an inlet of a hydrogen-removing reactor (11), the air outlet pipeline (8) is connected with an air exhaust outlet (6) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) and realizes the shunting of the exhausted gas, one end of the hydrogen-removing air pipeline (9) is connected with the air exhaust outlet (6) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1), the other end of the hydrogen-removing air pipeline is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen-removing reactor (11), the air exhausted by shunting part of the cell stack is used for hydrogen-removing reaction, and the tail gas emptying pipeline (10) is connected with an outlet of the hydrogen-removing reactor (11) and the air outlet pipeline (8); the device comprises a hydrogen buffer tank (12), wherein the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is arranged on a hydrogen outlet pipeline (7), one end of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected with a hydrogen outlet (5), and the other end of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected with an inlet of a dehydrogenation reactor (11).

2. The hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein: the flow control unit (13) is arranged on the dehydrogenation air pipeline (9), and the flow control unit (13) adjusts the air flow of the dehydrogenation air pipeline (9) according to the discharge amount of hydrogen so as to control the retention time of the hydrogen-containing tail gas passing through the dehydrogenation catalyst and improve the dehydrogenation efficiency.

3. The hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein: and the air outlet pipeline (8) is provided with a pressure control unit (14) for ensuring the stable flow of the dehydrogenation air pipeline (9).

4. The hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein: comprises a heater (15) which is arranged on the dehydrogenation reactor (11) and is used for supplementing the heat required by the reaction.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a hydrogen elimination system of a hydrogen fuel pile, belongs to the field of fuel cells, relates to a hydrogen elimination and elimination reactor treatment technology, and particularly relates to hydrogen-containing tail gas elimination system integration.

Background

The hydrogen fuel cell is an important medium for converting chemical energy contained in hydrogen molecules into electric energy, and a small amount of hydrogen can be exhausted in the operation process. At present, a plurality of hydrogen fuel electric pile enterprises do not realize the importance of hydrogen consumption, and meanwhile, the increase of a hydrogen elimination system can also increase the overall occupied space of the system and improve the use cost. In order to improve the safety of the hydrogen fuel electric pile, the exhausted hydrogen is necessary to be consumed. The whole air flows through the hydrogen elimination device, which results in a shortened residence time and is not favorable for hydrogen elimination. On the other hand, the gas flow resistance is increased, which is not beneficial to the rapid discharge of the residual hydrogen of the battery.

The hydrogen-oxygen catalytic reaction is a method for catalytically eliminating hydrogen, and the principle is that hydrogen and oxygen react to produce water under the action of catalyst. The technology is applied to hydrogen elimination of the hydrogen fuel galvanic pile, and the problem of tail hydrogen emission can be effectively solved.

Disclosure of Invention

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack. According to the characteristics of tail gas discharged by the hydrogen fuel galvanic pile, a hydrogen fuel galvanic pile hydrogen elimination system which can ensure that hydrogen can be continuously and efficiently eliminated, can save space, reduce use cost and reasonably utilize the system of the galvanic pile is designed.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel electric pile mainly comprises a dehydrogenation reactor, a hydrogen buffer tank, a flow control unit, a pressure control unit, a heater and a plurality of gas pipelines: wherein:

1) the dehydrogenation reactor is internally provided with a stable and efficient dehydrogenation catalyst which can be in honeycomb, strip, granular and other shapes. The hydrogen buffer tank is used for stabilizing the hydrogen flow.

2) The plurality of pipelines are respectively a hydrogen outlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a dehydrogenation air pipeline and a tail gas emptying pipeline.

3) The flow control unit and the pressure control unit can be integrated in a hydrogen fuel electric pile control operation system, and can also be respectively controlled by a program.

The dehydrogenation reactor is used as a center, the bottom end of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected with a hydrogen outlet pipeline and a dehydrogenation air pipeline, and the top end of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected with a tail gas emptying pipeline. The dehydrogenation reactor is internally provided with a high-efficiency dehydrogenation catalyst. The front end of the hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile, and a hydrogen buffer tank is arranged in the middle of the hydrogen outlet pipeline. The front end of the air outlet pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and is provided with a shunt, the shunt position is connected with a dehydrogenation air pipeline, a pressure control unit is arranged behind the shunt point, and the shunt flow of the dehydrogenation air pipeline is ensured to be sufficient by adjusting the pressure. The hydrogen elimination air pipeline is provided with a flow control unit for adjusting the air flow for the hydrogen elimination reaction.

The invention has the following effects: the invention realizes the elimination of hydrogen gas exhausted by the hydrogen fuel electric pile by arranging the dehydrogenation reactor and arranging the dehydrogenation catalyst in the dehydrogenation reactor, thereby improving the safety of the hydrogen fuel electric pile. And the branched exhaust air of the hydrogen fuel pile is used as the raw material gas for dehydrogenation, the retention time of the hydrogen-containing mixed gas passing through the dehydrogenation catalyst is reasonably controlled, and the conversion efficiency of hydrogen is improved, so that the aims of saving the filling amount of the dehydrogenation catalyst and controlling the whole space are fulfilled, and the installation and maintenance cost can be reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a novel hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack, which is used for eliminating hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

1. A hydrogen fuel cell stack; 2. a hydrogen inlet; 3. an air inlet; 4. an air compressor; 5. a hydrogen outlet; 6. an air outlet; 7. a hydrogen outlet line; 8. an air outlet line; 9. a hydrogen-eliminating air line; 10. a tail gas discharge pipeline; 11. a dehydrogenation reactor; 12. a hydrogen buffer tank; 13. a flow control unit; 14. a pressure control unit; 15. a heater.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described by way of examples, without in any way limiting the scope of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a hydrogen elimination system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is a core device for directly converting chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy, and comprises a hydrogen inlet 1, a hydrogen outlet 5, an air inlet 3, and an air outlet 6, wherein hydrogen enters from the hydrogen inlet 2, energy conversion is realized in the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and unused hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen outlet 5. An air inlet 3 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is connected to an air compressor 4, and compressed air is supplied into the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, while a large amount of unused air is discharged from an air outlet 6. The invention is provided with a dehydrogenation reactor 11, a hydrogen buffer tank 12, a flow control unit 13, a pressure control unit 14, a heater 15 and a plurality of gas pipelines. The dehydrogenation catalyst is arranged in the dehydrogenation reactor 11, can be in honeycomb shape, strip shape, granular shape or other shapes, has high activity and high stability, and can efficiently eliminate hydrogen-containing tail gas; the gas pipelines comprise a hydrogen outlet pipeline 7, an air outlet pipeline 8, a dehydrogenation air pipeline 9 and a tail gas emptying pipeline 10. The hydrogen outlet pipeline 7 is connected with a hydrogen outlet 5 of the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 and a dehydrogenation reactor 11, the air outlet pipeline 8 is connected with an air outlet 6 of the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 and is provided with a shunt to realize the shunt of the discharged gas, the shunt part is connected with a dehydrogenation air pipeline 9, the other end of the dehydrogenation air pipeline 9 is connected with an inlet of the dehydrogenation reactor 11, and part of the electric pile discharged air shunted by the dehydrogenation air pipeline 9 is used for dehydrogenation reaction; the tail gas evacuation pipeline 10 is connected with the dehydrogenation reactor 11 and the air outlet pipeline 8, most of gas discharged by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is discharged through the air outlet pipeline 8 and the tail gas discharge pipeline 10, and simultaneously, tail gas treated by the dehydrogenation reactor 11 is also discharged through the tail gas discharge pipeline 10. In the embodiment of the invention, the dehydrogenation reactor 11 adopts a bottom-in-top arrangement mode, that is, the bottom end of the dehydrogenation reactor 11 is connected with the hydrogen outlet pipeline 7 and the dehydrogenation air pipeline 9, and the top end thereof is connected with the tail gas discharge pipeline 10, so that hydrogen and air enter the dehydrogenation reactor 11 from the bottom, and after contacting with a catalyst and being catalytically reacted in the rising process, the residual tail gas is discharged from the top of the dehydrogenation reactor 11.

The invention arranges a pressure control unit 14 on the air outlet pipeline 8 behind the splitting point, and ensures the sufficient splitting flow of the dehydrogenation air pipeline 9 by adjusting the pressure. The pressure control of the present invention may be in the form of a fixed back pressure valve, or may be in the form of a pressure sensor and a regulator valve. The hydrogen-elimination air pipeline 9 is provided with a flow control unit 13 for adjusting the air flow for the hydrogen elimination reaction so as to control the retention time of the hydrogen-containing tail gas passing through the hydrogen elimination catalyst and improve the hydrogen elimination efficiency. As another embodiment, when the maximum concentration of hydrogen is 1%, a constant air is maintained, reducing the flow meter and control system cost. As a third embodiment, a pipeline is used for fixing the basic flow, a hydrogen elimination air bypass is added, and the bypass air is opened when the hydrogen is purged, and the bypass valve is closed when the purging is closed.

In order to control the hydrogen flow entering the dehydrogenation reactor 11 and keep the hydrogen stable, the invention is provided with a hydrogen buffer tank 12 on the hydrogen outlet pipeline 7, one end of the hydrogen buffer tank 12 is connected with the hydrogen outlet 5 of the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1, and the other end is connected with the inlet of the dehydrogenation reactor 12.

The system takes the discharged air of the shunted hydrogen fuel galvanic pile 1 as the raw material gas for hydrogen elimination, reasonably controls the retention time of the hydrogen-containing mixed gas passing through the hydrogen elimination catalyst, and improves the conversion efficiency of hydrogen, thereby achieving the purposes of saving the filling amount of the hydrogen elimination catalyst and controlling the whole space, and also reducing the installation and maintenance cost.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 discharges a small amount of H through the hydrogen outlet line 7₂After entering the dehydrogenation reactor 11, the gas reacts with O in the air under the action of a dehydrogenation catalyst₂The reaction produces water. Under normal working conditions, the air flow discharged by the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 is large, the retention time of catalytic reaction is too short when all the air flow is used as hydrogen-eliminating feed gas, and H is greatly reduced₂And (4) conversion rate. In this system, the pressure control unit 14 provided in the system can be used to ensure the flow rate of the hydrogen elimination raw material air in the hydrogen elimination system, and may be in the form of a fixed back pressure valve or a system with a pressure sensor and a condition valve. The flow control unit 13 will be based on the H of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1₂The discharge amount controls the air flow rate for the dehydrogenation reaction. Because of H₂The discharge amount is related to the running power of the hydrogen fuel electric pile, so the air flow for the dehydrogenation reaction also needs to be adjusted in real time according to the discharge amount of the hydrogen gas, and the air flow can be adjusted according to the discharge amount of the hydrogen gasA constant air flow rate is maintained according to the maximum discharge of hydrogen. The hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 control system controls H₂The discharge amount and the discharge amount of air, so the flow control unit 13 and the pressure control unit 14 may also be integrated in the control system of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1.

When the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 operates, a large amount of heat is released, so the system effectively utilizes waste heat when gas is discharged, and the hydrogen conversion rate is improved. The heater 15 arranged on the dehydrogenation reactor 11 is used for controlling the reaction temperature, the heater 15 can be used as a starting device for supplementing the heat required by the reaction, and can be closed after the heat balance is achieved, so as to ensure that the environment temperature is low and the hydrogen conversion rate is high when the hydrogen fuel electric pile 1 is initially started.

It is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.