阅读说明：本技术 一种碳化硼生产工艺 (Boron carbide production process ) 是由 王基峰 王芳 王晓艳 耿伟峰 张柯 于 2021-11-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种碳化硼生产工艺,包括以下步骤：步骤1：将原材料制成颗粒物料,原材料包括硼酸、多种碳素材料、水以及粘接剂；步骤2：将适量颗粒物料投入长晶装置进行长晶处理,每隔4-5小时,往长晶装置内添加适量颗粒物料,添加2-3次,对长晶过程中产生的烟气进行冷却、净化处理并收集其中的原材料后再排放,最后一次添加颗粒物料8-10小时后长晶结束；步骤3：长晶结束后将长晶完成的块状碳化硼取出,自然冷却后,剥离其表面未参与长晶的原材料后,将剩下的块状碳化硼进行破碎、酸洗、研磨处理,根据需要制成粒度不同的碳化硼颗粒。本发明所提供的碳化硼生产工艺,大幅度提升碳化硼的长晶效率,降低原材料的浪费,为生产流程带来极大方便。(The invention provides a boron carbide production process, which comprises the following steps: step 1: preparing raw materials into a granular material, wherein the raw materials comprise boric acid, a plurality of carbon materials, water and an adhesive; step 2: putting a proper amount of granular materials into a crystal growth device for crystal growth treatment, adding a proper amount of granular materials into the crystal growth device every 4-5 hours for 2-3 times, cooling and purifying smoke generated in the crystal growth process, collecting raw materials in the smoke, then discharging the smoke, and finishing crystal growth after adding the granular materials for 8-10 hours at last; and step 3: and taking out the blocky boron carbide after crystal growth is finished, naturally cooling, stripping the raw material of which the surface does not participate in crystal growth, crushing, pickling and grinding the remaining blocky boron carbide, and preparing boron carbide particles with different particle sizes according to requirements. The boron carbide production process provided by the invention greatly improves the crystal growth efficiency of boron carbide, reduces the waste of raw materials and brings great convenience to the production process.)

1. The boron carbide production process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: firstly, preparing raw materials into a pasty material, and then preparing the pasty material into a granular material through a granulator, wherein the raw materials comprise boric acid, a plurality of carbon materials, water and a binder;

step 2: putting a proper amount of granular materials into a crystal growth device for crystal growth treatment, adding a proper amount of granular materials into the crystal growth device every 4-5 hours for 2-3 times, cooling and purifying smoke generated in the crystal growth process, collecting raw materials in the smoke, then discharging the smoke, and finishing crystal growth after adding the granular materials for 8-10 hours at last;

and step 3: taking out the blocky boron carbide after crystal growth is finished, naturally cooling, stripping the raw material of which the surface does not participate in crystal growth, crushing, pickling and grinding the remaining blocky boron carbide, and preparing boron carbide particles with different particle sizes according to requirements;

and 4, step 4: and (3) putting the raw materials collected in the step (2) and the raw materials stripped in the step (3) into the crystal growing device again for secondary utilization.

2. The boron carbide production process according to claim 1, wherein: the granulator in the step 1 comprises a hollow base (1), wherein a barrel (2) is arranged on the base (1), a feeding bin (3) is arranged at the upper part of the barrel (2), a rotating rod (4) is arranged in the barrel (2), a spiral pushing blade (5) is arranged on the rotating rod (4), the rotating rod (4) is driven to rotate by a driving motor (6) arranged at the top of the barrel (2), a plurality of discharging pipes (7) are arranged at the bottom of the barrel (2) along the circumferential direction, the discharging pipes (7) are connected with one end of a particle mould (8), a square pipe (9) extending to the outside of the barrel (2) is arranged at the other end of the particle mould (8), an air cylinder (10) is arranged on the base (1), a supporting plate (11) is arranged at the telescopic end of the air cylinder (10), a plurality of blades (12) moving up and down in the square pipe (9) are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the supporting plate (11), the periphery of the base (1) is provided with a material collecting groove (13), the bottom of the material collecting groove (13) is provided with a plurality of hollow structures (15) corresponding to the particle molds (8), the lower part corresponding to the material collecting groove (13) is provided with a collecting hopper (14), and the lower part of the collecting hopper (14) is sequentially connected with a collecting box (16).

3. The boron carbide production process according to claim 1, wherein: the crystal growth device in the step 2 comprises a bottom support (17), a crucible (20) is arranged on the bottom support (17), a furnace body (21) is covered outside the crucible (20), a plurality of plate frames are axially arranged outside the furnace body (21), a top plate (19) is supported above the bottom support (17) through a plurality of vertical rods (18), a plurality of first screw rods (24) which are respectively in threaded connection with the plurality of plate frames are rotatably arranged between the bottom support (17) and the top plate (19), driving wheels are arranged on the plurality of first screw rods (24), the plurality of first driving wheels are in transmission connection through driving belts (26), and one first screw rod (24) is driven to rotate by a first servo motor (25) arranged on the top plate (19) through a gear structure; three second screw rods (27) are rotatably arranged between the bottom support (17) and the top plate (19), each second screw rod (27) is in threaded connection with a lifting frame (29) which is slidably mounted on the vertical rod (18), a graphite electrode (30) aiming at the crucible (20) is further arranged on the lifting frame (29), and each second screw rod (27) is driven to rotate by a second servo motor (28) through a gear structure; a smoke exhaust hood (22) corresponding to the crucible (20) is arranged on the top plate (19), and a smoke exhaust pipe (23) is arranged at the top of the smoke exhaust hood (22).

4. The boron carbide production process according to claim 2, wherein: granule mould (8) include one end with connecting cylinder (8-1) of discharging pipe (7) spiro union, the inside of connecting cylinder (8-1) is equipped with baffle (8-2), be equipped with a plurality of through-holes (8-3) along circumference on baffle (8-2), still be equipped with many heating rods (8-4) on the baffle, the other end spiro union of connecting cylinder (8-1) has end (8-5), the centre of end (8-5) is equipped with export (8-6), export (8-6) outer end be equipped with square joint (8-7) that square pipe (9) are connected, heating rod (8-4) extend to export (8-6) department.

5. The boron carbide production process according to claim 3, wherein: the bottom of crucible (20) is equipped with many supporting legs (31), the bottom of supporting leg (31) is equipped with the universal wheel, set up on collet (17) two with the recess that supporting leg (31) correspond.

6. The boron carbide production process according to claim 1, wherein: the raw material in step 1 further comprises a foaming agent.

7. The boron carbide production process according to claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the boric acid to the carbon material in the step 1 is 5: 1.

8. The boron carbide production process according to claim 6, wherein: the foaming agent adopts sodium bicarbonate.

9. The boron carbide production process according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 2, the second servo motor (28) rotates to enable the graphite electrode (30) to be lifted upwards each time the granular materials are added into the crystal growing device, and the depth of the graphite electrode (30) extending below the surface of the raw material in the crucible (20) is controlled to be 1/5-2/5 of the total depth of the raw material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of boron carbide production, in particular to a boron carbide production process.

Background

In the production process of boron carbide, a carbothermic reduction method is generally adopted, and is divided into an electric arc furnace method and a carbon tube furnace method. The main process is to mix boric anhydride/boric acid and carbon black evenly, protect gas, reduce boron oxide by carbon at high temperature, and obtain boron carbide. In the traditional production process, in the process of heating and crystal growth of raw materials by electric arcs, a large amount of raw materials are discharged along with high-temperature flue gas due to small granularity of the raw materials, so that the production efficiency is seriously reduced, and the production cost is increased; in addition, after the existing crystal growth equipment for producing boron carbide is used, materials in a crystal growth furnace are often inconvenient to take out due to the complex structural design, so that the subsequent production efficiency of boron carbide is influenced; in addition, in the existing boron carbide production process, protective gas is often required to be introduced independently in the process of producing boron carbide, so that not only is the structural design complicated, but also the production cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a boron carbide production process, which comprises the following specific scheme:

the boron carbide production process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: firstly, preparing raw materials into a pasty material, and then preparing the pasty material into a granular material through a granulator, wherein the raw materials comprise boric acid, a plurality of carbon materials, water and a binder;

step 2: putting a proper amount of granular materials into a crystal growth device for crystal growth treatment, adding a proper amount of granular materials into the crystal growth device every 4-5 hours for 2-3 times, cooling and purifying smoke generated in the crystal growth process, collecting raw materials in the smoke, then discharging the smoke, and finishing crystal growth after adding the granular materials for 8-10 hours at last;

and step 3: taking out the blocky boron carbide after crystal growth is finished, naturally cooling, stripping the raw material of which the surface does not participate in crystal growth, crushing and grinding the remaining blocky boron carbide, and preparing boron carbide particles with different particle sizes as required;

and 4, step 4: and (3) putting the raw materials collected in the step (2) and the raw materials stripped in the step (3) into the crystal growing device again for secondary utilization.

Based on the above, the granulator in step 1 includes hollow base, be equipped with the barrel on the base, barrel upper portion is equipped with the feeding storehouse, is equipped with the bull stick in the barrel, be equipped with spiral propelling movement leaf on the bull stick, the bull stick is rotated by the driving motor drive who sets up at the barrel top, and the barrel bottom is equipped with many discharging pipes along circumference, the discharging pipe is connected with the one end of granule mould, and the other end of granule mould is equipped with the square pipe that extends to the barrel outside, is equipped with the cylinder on the base, the flexible end of cylinder is equipped with the backup pad, the bottom of backup pad is equidistant to be equipped with the blade that the multi-disc reciprocated in the square pipe, and the base periphery is equipped with the groove that gathers materials, the bottom of groove that gathers materials be equipped with a plurality of with the hollow out construction that the granule mould corresponds, and the lower part that corresponds the groove that gathers materials is equipped with collects fights, and the lower part that fights is in proper order to have connect the collecting box.

Based on the above, the crystal growth device in the step 2 comprises a bottom support, a crucible is arranged on the bottom support, a furnace body covers the outside of the crucible, a plurality of plate racks are axially arranged outside the furnace body, a top plate is supported above the bottom support through a plurality of vertical rods, a plurality of first lead screws which are respectively in threaded connection with the plurality of plate racks are rotatably arranged between the bottom support and the top plate, driving wheels are arranged on the plurality of first lead screws, the plurality of first driving wheels are in transmission connection through driving belts, and one first lead screw is driven to rotate by a first servo motor arranged on the top plate through a gear structure; three second screw rods are rotatably arranged between the bottom support and the top plate, each second screw rod is in threaded connection with a lifting frame which is slidably arranged on the vertical rod, a graphite electrode aiming at the crucible is further arranged on the lifting frame, and each second screw rod is driven to rotate by a respective second servo motor through a gear structure; the top plate is provided with a smoke exhaust hood corresponding to the crucible, and the top of the smoke exhaust hood is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe.

Based on the above, the granule mould include one end with the connecting cylinder of discharging pipe spiro union, the inside of connecting cylinder is equipped with the baffle, be equipped with a plurality of through-holes along circumference on the baffle, still be equipped with many heating rods on the baffle, the other end spiro union of connecting cylinder has the end, the centre of end is equipped with the export, export the outer end be equipped with square union coupling's square joint, the heating rod extends to the exit.

Based on the above, the bottom of crucible is equipped with many supporting legs, the bottom of supporting leg is equipped with the universal wheel, set up on the collet twice with the recess that the supporting leg corresponds.

Based on the above, the raw material in step 1 further comprises a foaming agent.

Based on the above, the weight ratio of the boric acid to the carbon material in the step 1 is 5: 1.

Based on the above, the foaming agent is sodium bicarbonate.

Based on the above, in the step 2, each time the granular material is added into the crystal growth device, the second servo motor rotates, so that the graphite electrode is lifted upwards, and the depth of the graphite electrode extending below the surface of the raw material in the crucible is controlled to be 1/5-2/5 of the total depth of the raw material.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly has the following advantages:

1. according to the invention, the raw materials are prepared into the granular materials, so that the loss of the raw materials can be greatly reduced in the crystal growth process of the boron carbide, great convenience is provided for the production process flow, and the crystal growth efficiency of the boron carbide is effectively improved; in addition, the granulator is simple and ingenious in structural design, provides great help for raw materials to be made into granular materials, and improves the production efficiency of boron carbide.

2. According to the invention, the structural design of the crystal growth device not only enables the raw materials to be subjected to high-efficiency crystal growth in a suitable environment, but also is convenient for taking out the boron carbide after crystal growth is completed, and the structural design is simple and practical.

3. In the invention, the raw material in the step 1 also comprises a foaming agent, the foaming agent adopts sodium bicarbonate, and the foaming agent can generate carbon dioxide gas in the crystal growth process of boron carbide, so that the granular material becomes porous for conveying, the crystal growth efficiency of the boron carbide is improved, and the production energy consumption is reduced; in addition, carbon dioxide is also a protective gas, and the crystal growth efficiency and the raw material utilization rate of the boron carbide are further improved. This structural design may not only be enhanced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a pelletizer according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the pelletizer in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the mold in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a left side view of the mold of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a right side view of the mold of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a crystal growth device according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a barrel; 3. a feeding bin; 4. a rotating rod; 5. spirally pushing the leaves; 6. a drive motor; 7. a discharge pipe; 8. a mold; 8-1, connecting the cylinder; 8-2, a separator; 8-3, through holes; 8-4, heating the rod; 8-5, end; 8-6, an outlet; 8-7, a square joint; 9. a square tube; 10. a cylinder; 11. a support plate; 12. a blade; 13. a material collecting groove; 14. a collecting hopper; 15. a hollow structure; 16. a collection box; 17. a bottom support; 18. erecting a rod; 19. a top plate; 20. a crucible; 21. a furnace body; 22. a smoke exhaust hood; 23. a smoke exhaust pipe; 24. a first lead screw; 25. a first servo motor; 26. a transmission belt; 27. a second lead screw; 28. a second servo motor; 29. a lifting frame; 30. a graphite electrode; 31. and (5) supporting legs.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a boron carbide production process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: firstly, preparing raw materials into a pasty material, and then preparing the pasty material into a granular material through a granulator, wherein the raw materials comprise boric acid, a plurality of carbon materials, water and a binder;

step 2: putting a proper amount of granular materials into a crystal growth device for crystal growth treatment, adding a proper amount of granular materials into the crystal growth device every 4-5 hours for 2-3 times, cooling and purifying smoke generated in the crystal growth process, collecting raw materials in the smoke, then discharging the smoke, and finishing crystal growth after adding the granular materials for 8-10 hours at last;

and step 3: taking out the blocky boron carbide after crystal growth is finished, naturally cooling, stripping the raw material of which the surface does not participate in crystal growth, crushing and grinding the remaining blocky boron carbide, and preparing boron carbide particles with different particle sizes as required;

and 4, step 4: and (3) putting the raw materials collected in the step (2) and the raw materials stripped in the step (3) into the crystal growing device again for secondary utilization.

In order to ensure the efficiency of making raw materials into granular materials, the granulator in the step 1 comprises a hollow base 1, a barrel body 2 is arranged on the base 1, a feeding bin 3 is arranged at the upper part of the barrel body 2, a rotating rod 4 is arranged in the barrel body 2, a spiral pushing blade 5 is arranged on the rotating rod 4, the rotating rod 4 is driven to rotate by a driving motor 6 arranged at the top of the barrel body 2, a plurality of discharging pipes 7 are arranged at the bottom of the barrel body 2 along the circumferential direction, the discharging pipes 7 are connected with one end of a granular die 8, a square pipe 9 extending to the outside of the barrel body 2 is arranged at the other end of the granular die 8, an air cylinder 10 is arranged on the base 1, a supporting plate 11 is arranged at the telescopic end of the air cylinder 10, a plurality of blades 12 moving up and down in the square pipe 9 are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the supporting plate 11, a collecting groove 13 is arranged at the periphery of the base 1, a plurality of hollow structures 15 corresponding to the granular die 8 are arranged at the bottom of the collecting groove 13, a collecting hopper 14 is arranged at the lower part corresponding to the collecting trough 13, and a collecting box 16 is connected at the lower part of the collecting hopper 14 in sequence.

In order to ensure the crystal growth efficiency of boron carbide and facilitate operation and use, the crystal growth device in the step 2 comprises a bottom support 17, a crucible 20 is arranged on the bottom support 17, a furnace body 21 is covered outside the crucible 20, a plurality of plate frames are arranged outside the furnace body 21 along the axial direction, a top plate 19 is supported above the bottom support 17 through a plurality of vertical rods 18, a plurality of first screw rods 24 which are respectively in threaded connection with the plurality of plate frames are rotatably arranged between the bottom support 17 and the top plate 19, a plurality of driving wheels are arranged on the first screw rods 24 and are in transmission connection with the first driving wheels through a driving belt 26, and one first screw rod 24 is driven to rotate by a first servo motor 25 arranged on the top plate 19 through a gear structure; three second screw rods 27 are rotatably arranged between the bottom support 17 and the top plate 19, each second screw rod 27 is in threaded connection with a lifting frame 29 which is slidably arranged on the vertical rod 18, a graphite electrode 30 aiming at the crucible 20 is also arranged on the lifting frame 29, and each second screw rod 27 is driven to rotate by a respective second servo motor 28 through a gear structure; the top plate 19 is provided with a smoke exhaust hood 22 corresponding to the crucible 20, and the top of the smoke exhaust hood 22 is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe 23.

The particle die 8 comprises a connecting cylinder 8-1, one end of the connecting cylinder is in threaded connection with the discharging pipe 7, a partition plate 8-2 is arranged inside the connecting cylinder 8-1, a plurality of through holes 8-3 are formed in the partition plate 8-2 along the circumferential direction, a plurality of heating rods 8-4 are further arranged on the partition plate, the other end of the connecting cylinder 8-1 is in threaded connection with an end 8-5, an outlet 8-6 is formed in the middle of the end 8-5, a square joint 8-7 connected with the square pipe 9 is arranged at the outer end of the outlet 8-6, and the heating rods 8-4 extend to the outlet 8-6.

After the boron carbide crystal growth is finished, in order to take out the boron carbide crystal growth, a plurality of supporting legs 31 are arranged at the bottom of the crucible 20, universal wheels are arranged at the bottoms of the supporting legs 31, and two grooves corresponding to the supporting legs 31 are formed in the bottom support 17.

In order to further ensure the crystal growth efficiency of the boron carbide, the raw material in the step 1 also comprises a foaming agent.

In order to achieve the best crystal growth effect, the weight ratio of the boric acid to the carbon material in the step 1 is 5: 1.

The foaming agent adopts sodium bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide generated by the foaming agent when the foaming agent meets high temperature not only enables the particle materials to be loose and porous, but also can be used as protective gas in the crystal growth process of boron carbide.

In the invention, the raw material is heated by electric arc for carbothermic reduction to produce boron carbide, in order to ensure the crystal growth efficiency of the boron carbide, in the step 2, the particle material is added into the crystal growth device each time, the second servo motor 28 rotates to lift the graphite electrode 30 upwards, and the depth of the graphite electrode 30 extending into the crucible 20 below the surface of the raw material is controlled according to experience to be 1/5-2/5 of the total depth of the raw material.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.