阅读说明：本技术 一种西梅贮藏保鲜方法及应用 (Prune storage and preservation method and application ) 是由 张鹏 李江阔 薛友林 贾晓昱 于 2021-03-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公布了一种西梅贮藏保鲜方法及应用,该方法为采前用蛋白肽、有机钙、水溶性纳他霉素和鲜牛奶构成的营养保鲜剂进行喷雾处理,次日采摘后当天装入便携式气调箱内,上面铺上1-MCP保鲜纸密封,然后在12～24 h运输至目的地,在精准控温库经预冷后,加入太赫兹保鲜包后扣盖贮藏。这种保鲜方法可以有效抑制贮藏期间西梅的硬度下降和腐烂,保持果实表面的果霜,提高西梅的贮藏品质。(The invention discloses a prune storage and preservation method and application, wherein the method comprises the steps of carrying out spray treatment on a nutritional preservative composed of protein peptide, organic calcium, water-soluble natamycin and fresh milk before picking, putting the prune into a portable air-conditioning box on the day after picking the prune the next day, laying 1-MCP preservative paper on the prune for sealing, then transporting the prune to a destination after 12-24 h, precooling the prune in an accurate temperature control warehouse, adding a terahertz preservative bag, and then covering and storing the prune. The fresh-keeping method can effectively inhibit the hardness reduction and the decay of the prune during the storage period, keep the fruit cream on the surface of the fruit and improve the storage quality of the prune.)

1. A prune storage and preservation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: preparing a nutritional preservative before harvesting, putting the prepared nutritional preservative into a sprayer, manually spraying 10-30 mL of the nutritional preservative per kg of fruits, and uniformly spraying the nutritional preservative on the surface of the prune to be harvested; the nutrient preservative is composed of protein peptide, organic calcium, water-soluble natamycin and fresh milk, 4.0-6.0 g of marine fish protein peptide, 0.5-0.75 g of lactic acid micromolecule chelated calcium, 0.8-1.2 g of water-soluble natamycin and 0.35-0.95 mL of fresh milk are required to be added into 1L of aqueous solution, and the mass of the nutrient preservative is calculated according to the volume to be used;

step 2: after the surfaces of the prunes are dry and comfortable the next day, putting the picked prunes into a portable air-conditioning box, adding an ice box in the middle of the air-conditioning box before buckling a cover, paving 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, then buckling the cover for loading, ensuring that the prunes are transported to a destination within 12-24 h, and timely entering an accurate temperature control warehouse to open the cover of the air-conditioning box at-0.3 ℃ for precooling;

and step 3: after being fully precooled, prunes are added with a terahertz freshness protection package with peculiar smell removal and anti-aging effects, and then immediately covered, and then the prunes enter a storage stage.

2. The method for storing and keeping prunes fresh of claim 1, wherein: the quality of the prune contained in the portable air-conditioning box is controlled to be 2.0-2.5 kg.

3. The method for storing and keeping prunes fresh of claim 1, wherein: the quantity of the 1-MCP preservative paper is determined according to the quality of the fruits, and one preservative paper is placed in each 2.0-2.5 kg of fruits.

4. The method for storing and keeping prunes fresh of claim 1, wherein: the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the transportation process, the transportation time is controlled to be 12-24 h, if the transportation time is 2-12 h, the fruit is placed into an accurate temperature control warehouse (-0.3 ℃), the cover is not opened, the cover of the air-conditioned box is opened after the transportation time is 12-18 h, the forced ventilation and precooling time is 18-24 h, and the temperature of the specific fruit is accurately 0 ℃.

5. The method for storing and keeping prunes fresh of claim 1, wherein: the number of the terahertz freshness protection packages is related to the quality of the prunes, and 1 package is added into each 1.0 kg of the prunes.

6. The method for storing and keeping prunes fresh of claim 1, wherein: CO in the tank during storage phase₂The content is maintained at 2.5-4.5%, and O₂The content is maintained at 5-15%.

7. The method for storing and keeping fresh of prunes according to claim 1, wherein said method is used for reducing the decrease of the hardness and decay of prunes during the storage period, and maintaining the surface of prunes to keep the frost on the surface of the prunes to improve the storage quality of the prunes.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product storage and preservation, and particularly relates to a novel prune preservation method which integrates seamless whole-process cold chain integration of picking, transportation and storage, spraying of a nutritional preservative before picking, physiological regulation and control in transportation, shock prevention and absorption, precise temperature control, spontaneous air conditioning and physical corrosion prevention.

Background

Prunes belong to the genus prunus on an ecological classification. Prune is a temperate fruit crop, which originates in 5 regions: western asia (western prune), western and central asia (cherry plum), europe (european plum), north america (american prune), and china (prune). China introduced this new fruit variety from abroad, it belongs to Rosaceae: (A)Rosaceac) Prunus genus (A)Prunus) European plum seed (A)Prunus domesticaL) plants. The prune not only has delicious taste, but also has the reputation of 'miracle fruits' and 'functional fruits', and is called as third-generation functional fruits. This is because prunes contain abundant nutrients, particularly a large amount of vitamin a and dietary fiber. Vitamin a is of great benefit to people's eyesight protection, skin maintenance and hair health and can promote the absorption of calcium by the human body: the dietary fiber can promote intestinal peristalsis and has a good treatment effect on constipation patients. Prune belongs to climacteric fruit and is sensitive to ethylene. Therefore, if the ripening acceleration effect of ethylene in the picked prunes can be inhibited to the maximum extent, the method has great significance for prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the prunes.

1-methylcyclopropene (1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP) is a cyclopropene compound, is a novel ethylene receptor inhibitor discovered in recent years, and can block normal combination of ethylene and receptors in fruits and vegetables, inhibit various physiological and biochemical reactions induced by ethylene, further delay softening of fruits and vegetables, and improve storage quality. Researches show that prunes treated by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) are stored at the temperature of 2-4 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90%, and indexes such as hardness, soluble solid, respiratory strength and the like of the prunes are measured regularly. The result shows that the 1-MCP treatment can obviously delay the reduction of the hardness and the total acid content of the prune fruits and obviously inhibit the increase of the rotting rate of the prune fruits, thereby prolonging the storage period of the fruits.

The content of the fresh-keeping aspect of the prune in the prior literature and patent is less, and the related fresh-keeping method comprises 1-MCP, refrigeration and TiO₂The photocatalytic treatment, the 1-MCP physiological regulation and control before collection, the shock prevention and loss reduction in transportation and the preservation method of air conditioning and physical preservation during storage are not reported in the preservation of the prunes.The patent is based on the biological characteristics of the prune, and adopts the portable air-conditioning box which can be operated in commercialization as a carrier, and adopts the advanced preservation integration technology to establish a new prune preservation method of seamless whole-course cold chain during prune collection and storage, thereby promoting the development of the prune in the field of preservation and preservation.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical contents:

the invention discloses a prune storage and preservation process which comprises the following steps:

step 1: before picking, a nutritional preservative consisting of protein peptide, organic calcium, water-soluble natamycin and fresh milk is prepared and then is put into a sprayer, manual spraying treatment is carried out (10-30 mL is needed for each kg of fruits), and the nutritional preservative is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the prune to be picked.

Step 2: and after the surfaces of the prunes are dry and comfortable the next day, putting the picked prunes into a portable air-conditioning box, adding an ice box in the middle of the air-conditioning box before buckling a cover, paving 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, buckling the cover for loading, ensuring that the prunes are transported to a destination within 12-24 h, and timely putting the prunes into an accurate temperature-controlled warehouse (0.3-0.3 ℃) to open the cover of the air-conditioning box for precooling.

And step 3: and (4) adding a terahertz freshness protection package after the prunes are fully precooled, immediately covering the prunes, and entering a storage stage.

The invention discloses a formula of a nutritional preservative, which comprises 4.0-6.0 g/L of marine fish protein peptide, 0.5-0.75 g/L of small lactic acid molecule chelated calcium, 0.8-1.2 g/L of water-soluble natamycin and 0.35-0.95 mL/L of fresh milk.

The invention discloses a portable air conditioning box made of food-grade transparent plastic, and the design and the principle are disclosed in an invention patent 2015101651019.

The invention discloses a portable air-conditioning box for containing prunes, which has the mass of 2.0-2.5 kg.

The invention discloses that 1-MCP preservative paper is placed every 2.0-2.5 kg of fruits, and the 1-MCP preservative paper has the functions of preservation and shock absorption, so that prunel ethylene in transportation can be timely inhibited, and damage to the fruits caused by shock can be reduced.

The invention discloses a method for controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ and the transportation time to be 12-24 h in the transportation process. If the transportation time is 2-12 h, the cover is not opened when the container is placed in the precise temperature control warehouse, and the cover of the air-conditioning box is opened after the transportation time is 12-18 h.

The invention discloses an accurate temperature control warehouse (-0.3 ℃), wherein the forced ventilation precooling time is 18-24 h, and the precooling finish time is based on the product temperature of fruits at 0 ℃.

The invention discloses an antiseptic preservative bag which is added with 1 bag of terahertz preservative bag per 1.0 kg of prunes and has an antiseptic effect during storage.

The invention discloses CO in a box body of an air conditioning box in a storage stage₂The content is maintained at 3.0-4.0%, and O₂The content is maintained at 5-15%.

The invention further discloses application of the prune storage and preservation method in reducing the hardness reduction and the decay of the prune during the storage period, maintaining fruit cream on the surface of the fruit, improving the storage quality of the prune, avoiding the problems of prune cream loss, reduced storage performance and the like caused by multiple times of hand falling after the prune is picked, and simultaneously forming a new seamless whole-process cold chain integrated prune preservation mode in the prune picking and storage link.

The invention mainly solves the problems that the prune is easy to soften and rot during storage and the fruit cream is difficult to keep, and mainly considers the influences of the double control of the pre-harvest nutrition preservative, the physiological regulation and the shock resistance and the loss reduction of the 1-MCP during transportation and the gas-phase and physical corrosion prevention during storage on the prune storage quality, and has the main difficulty in determining the double control parameters of the pre-harvest nutrition preservative, the 1-MCP during transportation and the gas-phase and physical corrosion prevention during storage.

Compared with the prior art, the storage and preservation method of prunes disclosed by the invention has the positive effects that:

(1) firstly, the research of the prune in the field of storage and preservation in China is very few, only a few papers are reported, and the prune is only a research in the laboratory stage, is poor in commercial operation and almost belongs to the blank. Aiming at the biological characteristics of the prunes, a commercially operated portable air-conditioning box is used as a carrier, a new prune fresh-keeping method of seamless whole-process cold chain of prune collection and storage is established by using a pre-collection nutrition fresh-keeping agent, 1-MCP physiological regulation and control in transportation, shockproof and loss reduction, and air-conditioning and physical corrosion prevention double control integrated fresh-keeping technology during storage, the development of the prunes in the field of storage and fresh-keeping can be promoted, the hardness reduction and the rot of the prunes during storage can be effectively inhibited, the fruit frost on the surfaces of fruits can be kept, and the storage quality of the prunes can be improved.

(2) In addition, based on the portable air-conditioned box reported in blueberry, red bayberry, grape, indigo honeysuckle and lily, the patent is different from the fruit preservation methods in that a pre-harvest nutrition preservative, 1-MCP physiological regulation and control in transportation, shock resistance and loss reduction, double control of air conditioning and physical corrosion prevention during storage, accurate temperature control during storage and other advanced preservation technologies which can be commercially operated at present are adopted and integrated, the preservation method suitable for prolonging the storage period of the prune is established according to the biological characteristics of the prune, and the process parameters and steps are obviously different from the original documents or patents and have uniqueness.

Detailed Description

The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications to the formulation of the nutritional preservatives, the physiological control and shock resistance and damage reduction of 1-MCP during transportation, the gas composition in the atmosphere control box during storage, the terahertz corrosion prevention and the temperature of the precise temperature controlled warehouse in the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available. The air conditioning box, the precise temperature control warehouse and the like are commercially available. Marine fish protein peptide, lactic acid micromolecule chelated calcium, water-soluble natamycin, terahertz preservative bags and the like are all sold in the market.

Example 1

Spraying different nutritional preservatives on the surfaces of prunes to be picked before harvesting the prunes reaching the physiological maturity period, putting the picked prunes into a portable air-conditioning box after the surfaces of the prunes are dry and comfortable the next day, adding an ice box in the air-conditioning box before covering, paving 1 piece of 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, covering and loading, transporting to a destination within 24 hours, timely putting into an accurate temperature control warehouse, opening the cover of the air-conditioning box at (-0.3 ℃) and covering after precooling for 24 hours, and entering a storage stage. The method comprises the following 2 treatments:

(1) before picking, the nutrient preservative is not used for treatment, and the nutrient preservative is recorded as CK;

(2) the formula of the nutritional preservative is 5.0 g/L marine fish protein peptide, 0.5 g/L small lactic acid molecule chelated calcium, 0.8 g/L water-soluble natamycin and 0.5 mL/L fresh milk, and is marked as NP.

And measuring the cream coverage rate, the soft fruit rate, the rotting rate, the soluble solid content and the titratable acid content of the prune when the prune is stored for 40 days. When the CK group prunes are stored for 40 days, the coverage rate of fruit frost of the fruits is 68.3%, the fruit softening rate is 21.6%, the rotting rate is 23.9%, the content of soluble solids is 21.6%, and the content of titratable acid is 0.33%; the fruit cream coverage rate of the fruit of the NP group prune stored for 40 days is 70.6%, the soft fruit rate is 16.8%, the rotting rate is 15.7%, the soluble solid content is 22.1% and the titratable acid content is 0.37%. According to results, the spraying of the nutritional preservative can reduce the softening and the decay of the prune fruits, maintain the fruit cream coverage rate of the fruits and improve the storage quality.

Example 2

Before picking the prunes which reach the physiological maturity period, spraying nutrient preservatives (5.0 g/L marine fish protein peptide, 0.5 g/L small lactic acid molecule chelated calcium, 0.8 g/L water-soluble natamycin and 0.5 mL/L fresh milk) on the surface of the prunes to be picked, putting the picked prunes into a portable air-conditioned box after the surface of the prunes is dry and comfortable the next day, adding an ice box in the middle of the air-conditioned box before covering, paving 1 piece of 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, then covering and loading, transporting to a destination within 24 h, timely putting into an accurate temperature control warehouse at (-0.3 ℃) to open the cover of the air-conditioned box, covering after precooling for 24 h, and entering a storage stage; the CK is obtained by using 1-MCP preservative paper which is not laid in transportation. And measuring the cream coverage rate, the soft fruit rate, the rotting rate, the soluble solid content and the titratable acid content of the prune when the prune is stored for 40 days. The measurement result shows that the fruit frost coverage rate of the fruit is 59.5 percent, the soft fruit rate is 33.8 percent, the rotting rate is 27.4 percent, the content of soluble solid is 21.5 percent and the content of titratable acid is 0.31 percent when the CK group prunes are stored for 40 days; the 1-MCP group prune has 70.6% of fruit cream coverage, 16.8% of soft fruit rate, 15.7% of rotting rate, 22.1% of soluble solid content and 0.37% of titratable acid content when stored for 40 days.

The research results show that the physiological regulation and control of the 1-MCP are very important in transportation, the rotting rate of the prune can be reduced by 11.7 percent when the prune is stored for 40 days, the soft fruit rate is reduced by 17 percent, the coverage rate of the fruit cream is increased by 11.1 percent, higher soluble solid content and titratable acid content are maintained, and the fresh-keeping effect is remarkable.

Example 3

Before picking the prune which reaches the physiological maturity period, spraying nutrient preservatives (5.0 g/L marine fish protein peptide, 0.5 g/L small molecular lactic acid chelated calcium, 0.8 g/L water-soluble natamycin and 0.5 mL/L fresh milk) on the surface of the prune to be picked, putting the picked prune into a portable air-conditioned box after the surface of the prune is dry and comfortable the next day, adding an ice box in the middle of the air-conditioned box before covering, paving 1 piece of 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, then covering and loading, transporting to a destination within 24 h, timely putting into an accurate temperature control warehouse to open the cover of the air-conditioned box at (-0.3 ℃) and pre-cooling for 24 h, covering and entering a storage stage, so that the cover of the air-conditioned box is not buckled to be CK in the storage process. And measuring the cream coverage rate, the soft fruit rate, the rotting rate, the soluble solid content and the titratable acid content of the prune when the prune is stored for 40 days.

The determination result shows that the fruit frost coverage rate of the fruit is 50.2 percent, the soft fruit rate is 51.6 percent, the rotting rate is 48.9 percent, the content of soluble solid matters is 21.1 percent, and the content of titratable acid is 0.30 percent when the CK group prunes are stored for 40 days; the 1-MCP group prune has 70.6% of fruit cream coverage, 16.8% of soft fruit rate, 15.7% of rotting rate, 22.1% of soluble solid content and 0.37% of titratable acid content when stored for 40 days. The research results show that the modified atmosphere has obvious fresh-keeping effect on the prune during the storage period, and the rotting rate is reduced by 20.4%.

Example 4

Before picking the prune which reaches the physiological maturity period, spraying nutrient preservatives (5.0 g/L marine fish protein peptide, 0.5 g/L small lactic acid molecule chelated calcium, 0.8 g/L water-soluble natamycin and 0.5 mL/L fresh milk) on the surface of the prune to be picked, putting the prune which is picked completely into a portable air-conditioning box after the surface of the prune is dry and comfortable the next day, adding an ice box in the air-conditioning box before covering, paving 1 piece of 1-MCP preservative paper on the ice box, then covering and loading, transporting to a destination within 24 h, timely putting into an accurate temperature control warehouse to open the cover of the air-conditioning box at (-0.3 ℃) and opening the cover of the air-conditioning box, adding 2 bags of preservative terahertz bags after precooling for 24 h, covering, and entering a storage stage, wherein the no terahertz preservative bag is added in the storage process to be CK. And measuring the cream coverage rate, the soft fruit rate, the rotting rate, the soluble solid content and the titratable acid content of the prune when the prune is stored for 40 days.

The measurement result shows that the fruit frost coverage rate of the fruit is 70.6 percent, the soft fruit rate is 16.8 percent, the rotting rate is 15.7 percent, the content of soluble solid is 22.1 percent and the content of titratable acid is 0.37 percent when the CK group prunes are stored for 40 days; when the terahertz group prunes are stored for 40 days, the fruit cream coverage rate of the fruits is 78.3%, the fruit softening rate is 12.1%, the rotting rate is 9.6%, the content of soluble solids is 22.5% and the content of titratable acid is 0.39%. By integrating the whole preservation technology and optimizing the process parameters, the softening and the decay of the prune fruits can be effectively reduced, the fruit frost coverage of the fruits is kept, and the storage quality is improved.