阅读说明：本技术 一种承载式金属模块化柱模板系统及其装配方法 (Bearing type metal modular column template system and assembling method thereof ) 是由 张宏 罗申 李向峰 冷嘉伟 王海宁 高福元 徐小东 周欣 叶红雨 于 2021-02-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本专利公开一种承载式金属模块化柱模板系统及其装配方法,其包括有用于支撑柱模板系统的柱脚模板,设置在柱模板系统的四个角并安装在柱脚模板之上的柱角部标准模板,设置在所述柱角部标准模板之间的柱填充标准模板,以及设置在柱填充标准模板的顶端、位于柱角部标准模板之间的节点标准模板。本发明通过可拆卸的方式,按照不同装配要求,将上述各结构组成不同的装配单元,通过吊装或手工的方式由不同单元实现固定和连接。由于采用标准模板,本发明无需根据现场钢筋混凝土构件的尺寸进行加工；将标准模板设置为不同大小进行组装能够适用于多种不同的钢筋混凝土构件。本发明的单元之间可周转使用,转运效率高且易于调节,方便与模板之间配套。(The patent discloses a bearing type metal modular column template system and an assembling method thereof, wherein the bearing type metal modular column template system comprises column base templates used for supporting a column template system, column corner part standard templates arranged at four corners of the column template system and arranged on the column base templates, column filling standard templates arranged between the column corner part standard templates, and node standard templates arranged at the top ends of the column filling standard templates and positioned between the column corner part standard templates. The detachable type assembling device is characterized in that the detachable type assembling device comprises a plurality of assembling units, wherein the assembling units are detachably connected with one another, and the assembling units are detachably connected with one another. Because the standard template is adopted, the invention does not need to be processed according to the size of the reinforced concrete member on site; the standard template is set to be different in size for assembly, and can be suitable for various reinforced concrete members. The units of the invention can be used in a turnover way, the transfer efficiency is high, the adjustment is easy, and the matching with the template is convenient.)

1. A load-bearing, metal modular column template system, comprising:

the column base template (1) is arranged at the bottom of the column template system and used for supporting the column template system;

the column corner part standard templates (2) are arranged at four corners of the column template system and are arranged on the column base templates (1);

column packing standard formworks (3) disposed between the column corner standard formworks (2);

the node standard templates (4) are arranged at the top ends of the column filling standard templates (3) and are positioned between the column corner standard templates (2);

the column base template (1), the column corner part standard template (2), the column filling standard template (3) and the node standard template (4) are detachably connected.

2. A load bearing, metallic, modular pillar form system according to claim 1, wherein said pillar form (1) has four, said four pillar forms (1) being joined end to form a rectangle; and the middle part of the column base template (1) is provided with a leveling device for leveling the column base template (1).

3. A load bearing, metallic, modular column formwork system according to claim 2, wherein the column shoe formwork (1) includes a mounting plate disposed on top of the column shoe formwork (1), the column corner standard formwork (2) being mounted on the mounting plate; the column base template (1) further comprises a supporting base which is arranged at the bottom of the column base template (1); the column base template (1) further comprises a column base reinforcing structure, the top end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the bottom end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the top surface of the supporting base.

4. A load bearing, metallic, modular column formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the column corner formwork (2) is of uniform size and the column packing formwork (3) is of a plurality of different sizes, depending on the different sizes of concrete components.

5. A load bearing, metallic, modular column formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the corner post standard formwork (2) is mounted vertically on the column shoe formwork (1).

6. A load bearing, metallic, modular column formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the node standard formwork (4) is provided at a concrete column and beam interface location.

7. The assembly method of the bearing type metal modularized column template system is characterized in that the bearing type metal modularized column template system is assembled in a construction site in-situ manual assembly mode according to the following steps:

step 101, horizontally arranging a supporting base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates (1) on the supporting base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of each column base template (1), connecting the four column base templates (1) end to form a rectangle, and fixing a mounting plate at the top of each column base template (1);

102, vertically installing the standard template (2) at the corner of the column on the mounting plate or on the node standard template (4) at the next layer of the mounting plate corresponding to the four corners of the column template system;

103, respectively and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates (3) with different sizes between the column corner standard templates (2) one by one;

104, fixing the node standard template (4) between the top end of the column filling standard template (3) and the column corner standard template (2);

repeating steps 102-104 until the entire carrier-type, metallic-modular pillar template system is assembled.

8. The assembling method of the bearing type metal modularized column template system is characterized in that the bearing type metal modularized column template system is assembled by adopting a mechanical auxiliary in-situ assembling or ex-situ assembling mode according to the following steps:

step 201, connecting four column base templates (1) end to form a rectangle, vertically installing column corner part standard templates (2) at four corners of the rectangle after leveling, and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates (3) with different sizes among the column corner part standard templates (2) to obtain a first assembly unit;

step 202, arranging and assembling mounting column corner standard templates (2) of all levels above the first assembling unit and column filling standard templates (3) between the column corner standard templates (2) according to the size of the first assembling unit to obtain a second assembling unit;

step 203, hoisting a first assembly unit consisting of assembled column base templates (1), column corner part standard templates (2) and column filling standard templates (3) connected among the column corner part standard templates (2) on the site, and vertically arranging the first assembly unit at an assembly position;

and 204, fixing the node standard template (4) between the top end of the column filling standard template (3) and the column corner standard template (2) in each assembly unit according to the sequence of each level, hoisting and fixing the second assembly units of each level on the node standard template (4) until the assembly of the whole bearing type metal modular column template system is completed.

9. The assembling method of the bearing type metal modular column template system is characterized in that the assembling is carried out according to the following steps by adopting a mode of large mechanical ectopic assembling integral transferring and positioning:

step 301, horizontally arranging a supporting base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates (1) on the supporting base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of each column base template (1), connecting the four column base templates (1) end to form a rectangle, and fixing a mounting plate at the top of each column base template (1);

step 302, arranging an installation column corner standard template (2) assembled above the installation column corner standard template and a column filling standard template (3) between the column corner standard templates (2) according to the size of the installation plate, and fixing a node standard template (4) between the top end of the column filling standard template (3) and the column corner standard template (2) to obtain an upper template (5);

and 303, hoisting the upper template consisting of the assembled column corner part standard templates (2), the column filling standard templates (3) connected among the column corner part standard templates (2) and the node standard templates (4) on the site, and vertically installing the upper template on the installation plate for fixing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of reinforced concrete engineering construction, in particular to a bearing type metal modular column template system and an assembling method thereof.

Background

At present, a reinforced concrete structure is a building structure form widely adopted in the field of building construction, and the forming of the reinforced concrete structure can be divided into four projects, namely a template project, a supporting project, a reinforcing bar project and a concrete project, and the four projects jointly complete the forming, positioning, connecting and stressing of a reinforced concrete member.

The template and support engineering is mainly responsible for the forming and positioning functions of the reinforced concrete member, and the template engineering is mainly divided into a turnover template, a factory template and a non-dismantling template; the turnover formwork refers to that the formwork is turned over along with the difference of the pouring positions of the reinforced concrete, and at present, common wood formworks, metal formworks, PVC formworks and the like all belong to turnover formworks; the factory template mainly refers to a production line type template for producing reinforced concrete members in a factory, the template is not circulated and the reinforced concrete members are circulated in the production mode for producing the reinforced concrete members in the factory, and the non-dismantling template is mainly a reinforced concrete template which can be formed at one time after pouring is finished and does not need to be dismantled, such as the non-dismantling template and a heat preservation integrated template. In the current template engineering construction process, the template is still a factory-type template which is widely applied, the template turnover is complex, the manual operation amount is large, and a large amount of manpower is consumed on site.

The template engineering can also be divided into a standardized template and a non-standardized template, wherein the standardized template refers to a template with a series of standard sizes, and the template is assembled according to different sizes of reinforced concrete members, such as a PVC template and an aluminum template; the non-standardized template means that the size of the template is not fixed, and the template needs to be processed according to different sizes of reinforced concrete members on site, such as a wood template. However, the matching degree of the standardized template or the non-standardized template with the design is not enough, and the field work of the template engineering is still complicated.

The supporting engineering is mainly responsible for bearing reinforced concrete construction load and fixing the template, and the existing widely applied method mainly comprises full-space type supporting and tool type supporting. The full hall formula is supported mainly uses upright pole formula scaffold (pipe member and fastener connection scaffold) and is supported, and the installation is comparatively difficult with demolising, and vertical bracing density is big, and is great to the restriction of construction site. The supporting tools such as the disc buckle type scaffold, the door type scaffold, the steel support and the like are mainly utilized for the tool type support, the tool type support is simple to install and remove, high in bearing capacity and capable of being used in a turnover mode, the influence on construction is small, the transfer efficiency is low, but the vertical support density is large, the adjustable capacity is weak, and the matching performance of the tool type support with the template is not enough.

In the reinforced concrete engineering, the template engineering and the supporting engineering are closely related, the template engineering and the supporting engineering are comprehensively considered to invent a novel template and a supporting system, the construction process of the reinforced concrete engineering is optimized, and the construction efficiency of the reinforced concrete engineering is improved. However, in the existing reinforced concrete engineering, a reinforced concrete metal column template capable of bearing the supporting engineering is not used, and the existing reinforced concrete engineering needs to be independently designed according to the requirements of different engineering and is difficult to assemble.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention addresses the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a load bearing, metallic, modular pillar form system and method of assembly thereof. The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme.

To achieve the above object, a bearing type metal modular column template system is provided, which comprises: the column base template is arranged at the bottom of the column template system and used for supporting the column template system; the column corner part standard templates are arranged at four corners of the column template system and are arranged on the column base templates; column packing standard formworks disposed between the column corner standard formworks; the node standard templates are arranged at the top ends of the column filling standard templates and are positioned between the column corner standard templates; the column base template, the column corner part standard template, the column filling standard template and the node standard template are detachably connected.

Optionally, in the bearing-type metallic modular column template system, there are four column base templates, and the four column base templates are connected end to form a rectangle; and the middle part of the column base template is provided with a leveling device for leveling the column base template.

Optionally, in the above bearing type metallic modular column template system, the column base template includes an installation plate disposed at the top of the column base template, and the standard template of the column corner portion is installed on the installation plate; the column base template also comprises a supporting base which is arranged at the bottom of the column base template; the column base template further comprises a column base reinforcing structure, the top end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the bottom end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the top surface of the supporting base.

Optionally, in the above bearing type metallic modular column formwork system, the standard formwork for column corner portions has a uniform size according to concrete members with different sizes, and the standard formwork for column filling has a plurality of different sizes.

Optionally, in the above bearing type metal modular column formwork system, the standard formwork for the column corner part is vertically installed on the column base formwork.

Optionally, in the above bearing type metallic modular column formwork system, the joint standard formwork is disposed at a joint position between the concrete column and the beam.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides an assembly method of the bearing type metal modular column template system, which adopts a construction site in-situ manual assembly mode to carry out assembly according to the following steps: step 101, horizontally arranging a supporting base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates on the supporting base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of the column base templates, connecting the four column base templates end to form a rectangle, and fixing an installation plate at the top of the column base templates; 102, vertically installing the standard template of the column corner part on the mounting plate or the node standard template of the next layer of the mounting plate corresponding to the four corners of the column template system; 103, respectively and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates with different sizes between the column corner standard templates one by one; 104, fixing the node standard template between the top end of the column filling standard template and the column corner standard template; repeating steps 102-104 until the entire carrier-type, metallic-modular pillar template system is assembled.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides an assembly method of the bearing type metal modular column template system, which adopts a mechanical auxiliary in-situ assembly or ex-situ assembly mode to assemble according to the following steps: step 201, connecting four column base templates end to form a rectangle, vertically installing column corner standard templates at four corners of the rectangle after leveling, and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates with different sizes among the column corner standard templates to obtain a first assembly unit; step 202, arranging and assembling installation column corner standard templates of all levels above the first assembling unit and column filling standard templates between the column corner standard templates according to the size of the first assembling unit to obtain a second assembling unit; step 203, hoisting a first assembly unit consisting of assembled column base templates, column corner part standard templates and column filling standard templates connected among the column corner part standard templates on the site, and vertically arranging the first assembly unit at an assembly position; and 204, fixing the joint standard template between the top end of the column filling standard template and the column corner standard template in each assembling unit according to the sequence of each level, hoisting and fixing each level of the second assembling unit on the joint standard template until the assembling of all the bearing type metal modular column template systems is completed.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides an assembly method of the bearing type metal modular column template system, which adopts a mode of large mechanical ex-situ assembly integral transferring and positioning to carry out assembly according to the following steps: step 301, horizontally arranging a support base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates on the support base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of the column base template, connecting the four column base templates end to form a rectangle, and fixing an installation plate at the top of the column base template; step 302, arranging an installation column corner standard template assembled above the installation column corner standard template and a column filling standard template between the column corner standard templates according to the size of the installation plate, and fixing the node standard template between the top end of the column filling standard template and the column corner standard template to obtain an upper template; step 303, hoisting the upper template consisting of the assembled column corner standard templates, the column filling standard templates connected among the column corner standard templates and the node standard templates on the site, and vertically installing the upper template on the installation plate for fixing.

Advantageous effects

The bearing type metal modular column template system is realized by column base templates supporting a column template system, column corner standard templates arranged at four corners of the column template system and arranged on the column base templates, column filling standard templates arranged among the column corner standard templates, and node standard templates arranged at the top ends of the column filling standard templates and positioned among the column corner standard templates. The system can be detachably used for fixing and connecting different assembly units formed by the structures in a lifting or manual mode according to different assembly requirements.

Because each part of the invention respectively adopts the standard template, the invention does not need to process according to the size of the reinforced concrete member on site. The column filling standard templates are arranged in different sizes and assembled according to different sizes, so that the column filling standard templates can be suitable for various reinforced concrete members. The units of the invention can be used in a turnover way, the transfer efficiency is high, the adjustment is easy, and the matching with the template is convenient.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a load-bearing, metallic modular column template system of the present invention in an assembled state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection between the column foot template and other structures in the modular column template system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection between the column shoe template and the standard template of the column corner part in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the complete structure of the load-bearing, metallic, modular column-template system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first assembly of the carrier-type, metal modular column template system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a second assembly of the load-bearing, modular column template system of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a third assembly of the carrier-style, modular column template system of the present invention.

In the drawings, 1 denotes a column shoe template; 2, a standard template of a column corner part; 3 represents a column packing standard template; 4 represents a node standard template; and 5 denotes an upper template.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

In the reinforced concrete engineering, the template engineering and the supporting engineering are closely related. The invention comprehensively innovatively improves the template engineering and the supporting engineering, designs a novel template and a novel supporting system, forms the innovation of the reinforced concrete structure engineering assembly system, can optimize the construction process of the reinforced concrete engineering and improves the construction efficiency of the reinforced concrete engineering.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the carrier-type metal modular pillar template system includes:

the column base template 1 is arranged at the bottom of the column template system and used for supporting the column template system;

column corner standard templates 2 which are arranged at four corners of the column template system and are installed on the column base templates 1;

column packing standard formworks 3 disposed between the column corner standard formworks 2;

the node standard templates 4 are arranged at the top ends of the column filling standard templates 3 and are positioned between the column corner standard templates 2;

the column base template 1, the column corner part standard template 2, the column filling standard template 3 and the node standard template 4 are detachably connected.

The bearing type metal modularized column template system carries out comprehensive innovation and improvement on template engineering and supporting engineering, and as shown in a figure 2, the bearing type metal modularized column template carries out comprehensive design on reinforced concrete engineering by combining template engineering and supporting engineering in the reinforced concrete engineering into a whole, so as to form innovation of a reinforced concrete structure engineering equipment system.

In the structure:

the column template is split in a modularization mode and is divided into a column base template 1, a column corner part standard template 2, a column filling standard template 3, a node standard template 4 and the like. The templates are positioned and fastened through the quick positioning device and the pin firmware, and the assembling efficiency of the column template is improved. Meanwhile, the combination of the standard template 2 for the column corner part and the standard template 3 for filling the column enables the column template to meet the requirements of concrete members with different sizes, the repeated use efficiency of the column template is improved, and the cost is reduced.

The column base template 1 comprises four column base templates 1 as shown in figure 2, wherein the four column base templates 1 are connected end to form a rectangle; and the middle part of the column base template 1 is provided with a leveling device for leveling the column base template 1. The column base template 1 comprises an installation plate which is arranged at the top of the column base template 1, and the column corner standard template 2 is installed on the installation plate; the column base template 1 further comprises a supporting base which is arranged at the bottom of the column base template 1; the column base template 1 further comprises a column base reinforcing structure, the top end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the bottom end of the column base reinforcing structure is connected with the top surface of the supporting base. The column base template 1 is mainly responsible for quick positioning and leveling and is arranged on a poured reinforced concrete surface layer, and the column base template 1 is independent from other modularized templates.

Referring to fig. 3, the column corner module 2 is vertically installed on the column shoe module 1. The standard formwork 2 for the column corner part is mainly responsible for ensuring the concrete forming quality and bearing load, and the standard formwork 2 for the column corner part adopts an integrated design to ensure the reliable quality of the poured concrete corner part and improve the bearing load capacity of the formwork for the corner part. Meanwhile, the standard templates 2 of the column corner parts are all of uniform size, so that the templates are convenient to use universally and repeatedly. The load therein is both horizontal and vertical.

In one implementation, the standard formwork 2 for the corner part of the column and the standard formwork 3 for the filling of the column can be made to have a uniform size according to concrete members with different sizes. The column filling standard templates 3 are positioned between the column corner standard templates 2 and mainly play a role in positioning and forming, and are not mainly used for bearing load components. The column packing standard template 3 has a variety of standard sizes, and the column template system can meet the variety of size requirements by replacing the column packing standard template 3.

And the node standard formwork 4 can be arranged at the joint position of the concrete column and the beam, which means the formwork at the joint position of the column and the beam. The main function of the positioning device is to position reinforced concrete beam members and form beam-column joints, and the template is different according to different sizes of beams, so that the size of the template is designed independently and can be replaced according to different projects. The node standard template 4 can be suitable for cast-in-place reinforced concrete members and prefabricated reinforced concrete members, and can bear beam templates or directly bear prefabricated reinforced concrete beams according to different reinforced concrete beams. The structure can realize the position positioning of the beam; connecting beam and column templates; and the forming of the beam-column joint is responsible. The precast beam is directly placed on the node standard template 4, the node standard template 4 is not a precast beam, and the beam template is connected with the node standard template.

Because there is no column base template 1 in the existing structure, usually after concrete is leveled, the template is directly placed on the concrete, but such a way is not favorable for modular installation. However, the present invention overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks by providing a method of assembling and disassembling that can be appropriately selected according to various conditions of a construction site. The system of the invention can be assembled in blocks (one block), in sections (parts) and integrally to adapt to the overall transfer and positioning modes of site in-situ manual assembly, mechanical auxiliary in-situ or ex-situ assembly and large mechanical ex-situ assembly respectively.

Specifically, the manual assembly in situ at the construction site can be seen in fig. 5, and the assembly is performed according to the following steps:

step 101, horizontally arranging a supporting base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates 1 on the supporting base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of each column base template 1, connecting the four column base templates 1 end to form a rectangle, and fixing an installation plate at the top of each column base template 1;

102, vertically installing the standard template 2 at the corner of the column on the mounting plate or on the node standard template 4 at the next layer of the mounting plate corresponding to the four corners of the column template system;

103, respectively and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates 3 with different sizes between the column corner standard templates 2 one by one;

104, fixing the node standard template 4 between the top end of the column filling standard template 3 and the column corner standard template 2;

repeating steps 102-104 until the entire carrier-type, metallic-modular pillar template system is assembled.

The mechanical auxiliary in-situ assembly or ex-situ assembly can be used as the reference in fig. 6, and the assembly is carried out according to the following steps:

step 201, connecting four column base templates 1 end to form a rectangle, vertically installing column corner standard templates 2 at four corners of the rectangle after leveling, and fixedly arranging column filling standard templates 3 with different sizes among the column corner standard templates 2 to obtain a first assembly unit;

step 202, arranging and assembling the mounting column corner part standard templates 2 of all levels above the first assembling unit and the column filling standard templates 3 between the column corner part standard templates 2 according to the size of the first assembling unit to obtain a second assembling unit;

step 203, hoisting a first assembly unit consisting of the assembled column base template 1, the assembled column corner part standard template 2 and the column filling standard template 3 connected between the column corner part standard templates 2 on the construction site, and vertically arranging the first assembly unit at an assembly position;

and 204, fixing the node standard template 4 between the top end of the column filling standard template 3 and the column corner standard template 2 in each assembly unit according to the sequence of each level, hoisting and fixing each level of the second assembly unit on the node standard template 4 until all the bearing type metal modular column template systems are assembled.

The mode of adopting big mechanical dystopy assembly whole transportation and location can refer to fig. 7, and the assembly is carried out according to the following steps:

step 301, horizontally arranging a supporting base at an assembly position on a construction site, arranging four column base templates 1 on the supporting base, leveling according to a leveling device in the middle of each column base template 1, connecting the four column base templates 1 end to form a rectangle, and fixing an installation plate at the top of each column base template 1;

step 302, arranging an installation column corner standard template 2 assembled above the installation column corner standard template and a column filling standard template 3 between the column corner standard templates 2 according to the size of the installation plate, and fixing a node standard template 4 between the top end of the column filling standard template 3 and the column corner standard template 2 to obtain an upper template 5;

step 303, hoisting the upper template 5 consisting of the assembled column corner standard templates 2, the column filling standard templates 3 connected among the column corner standard templates 2 and the node standard templates 4 on the site, and vertically installing the upper template on the installation plate for fixing.

Therefore, after the bearing type column template is assembled, additional reinforcing and supporting structures do not need to be arranged, and the workload of the template on site can be reduced. And all the modularized template components of the bearing type column template are connected by pins, so that the installation and the removal of the template are facilitated.

The bearing type column template system can disassemble the column filling standard template 3 when the reinforced concrete is maintained to 50% of strength, so that the turnover efficiency of the concrete template is improved, and the cost is reduced.

The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.