阅读说明：本技术 一种青贮饲料加工工艺 (Silage processing technology ) 是由 韩永芬 付薇 孟军江 覃涛英 马宁 于 2021-02-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种青贮饲料加工工艺,属于青贮饲料加工工艺领域,在制备过程中,采用了大豆加甜玉米机的主料进行制备,本身大豆可以作为甜玉米的伴生农作物进行种植,可以有效的减少原材料的价格,并且采用了甲酸加布式乳杆菌的添加剂使得企业生产甜玉米裹包青贮时可以考虑添加0.5％的甲酸和10～6cfg/g布式乳杆菌,其效果可以提高干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、饲料消化率和降低氨态氮/总氮值,降低甲烷排放。(The invention discloses a silage processing technology, belonging to the field of silage processing technology, in the preparation process, the main material of a soybean and sweet corn machine is adopted for preparation, the soybean can be planted as the accompanying crop of sweet corn, the price of raw materials can be effectively reduced, and the addition of 0.5% formic acid and 10% of lactobacillus plantarum is considered when an enterprise produces the wrapped silage of sweet corn by adopting the additive of formic acid and lactobacillus buchner 6 The cfg/g lactobacillus bulgaricus has effects of increasing dry matter recovery rate, crude protein content, soluble sugar content, feed digestibility, reducing ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen value, and reducing nitrogen contentLow methane emission.)

1. The silage processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, harvesting the feeding sweet corn on sunny days, spreading the corn in the field and airing, and controlling the water content of the feeding sweet corn to be reduced to 60% -70%, wherein the stalks of the feeding sweet corn are twisted with force and are not easy to break;

s2, harvesting the sweet corn for silage, timely transporting the harvested sweet corn to a silage place to be crushed, performing compaction treatment after cutting, controlling the sweet corn to be cut to 2-3cm when the sweet corn is cut to be short, and placing the sweet corn for later use;

s3, mixing the powder with 10⁶cfg/g lactobacillus bouillon and 0.5% formic acid, stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, taken out to constitute the additive when ready for use, when ensilage is mixed according to the feed sweet corn: lactobacillus bouillon: formic acid 950-: 1 g: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight ratio of 1g and the weight of the feeding sweet cornWeighing the additive for later use;

s4, crushing the soybeans into soybean powder, storing the soybean powder in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the soybean powder with the soybean powder 1: 11000-14000 and the using weight of the additive to calculate the using weight of the soybean meal, and then weighing the soybean meal for later use;

s5, storing the rice bran in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the sweet corn for feeding with the rice bran according to the weight ratio of 28.5-36.5: 1, calculating the using weight of the rice bran according to the weight proportion of the sweet corn for feeding, and then weighing the rice bran for later use;

s6, mixing the prepared soybean meal in the S4 and the additive in the S3, feeding the mixed product and the prepared materials in the S2 and the S5 into a stirrer (or manually using a shovel) to stir for 5-10min, and fully mixing the feeding sweet corn, the rice bran, the soybean meal and the additive to obtain a mixture;

s7, bundling the mixture stirred in the step S6 by using an ensiling bundling machine, sending the mixture into the bundling machine for bundling, and automatically feeding a net rope into the ensiling bundling machine for 3 seconds for bundling when an alarm of the bundling machine rings to obtain ensiling round bundles;

s8, coating the bundled silage round bales by using a silage coating machine, automatically operating the coating starting process by a machine, and automatically finishing by the coating machine during the coating process to obtain silage bales of the forage sweet corn silage finished products;

s9, after the coating is finished, the silage bags are transported to a storage place, in the transportation process, in order to avoid sharp objects from piercing the coating, the silage bags can be placed in an idle warehouse which is convenient to transport or a vacant place which is close to a breeding production area and has a high terrain, the tightness of the silage bags needs to be checked regularly during placement, and the anaerobic environment required by silage bag fermentation is ensured.

2. The silage processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the soybean meal and the additive are mixed in advance in the step S6, the soybean meal weighed in the step S4 is divided into 4 parts with unequal weight according to multistage mixing requirements, then the additive weighed in the step S3 and the 4 parts of soybean meal with unequal weight are sequentially mixed from small to large to ensure that the additive and the soybean meal are fully mixed, and finally the uniformly mixed additive and soybean meal are weighed and stacked according to the weight of each stack of the feeding sweet corn stacks for later use.

3. The silage processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the silage film wrapping machine is used for wrapping the bundled silage round bales in the S8, the thickness of the adopted tensile film is 0.025mm, and the tensile ratio is 55-70%.

4. The silage processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the S8, when the silage film wrapping machine is used for wrapping the bundled silage round bales, the number of wrapping layers is 4-8, and the wrapping layers are overlapped by more than 50%.

5. The silage processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S9, when the silage bag is damaged, the silage bag should be sealed by using a transparent adhesive tape in time.

6. The silage processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the silage package in the S9 can be used after being silage for 1-2 months, the silage package can be placed for more than 2 years under a sealed condition, but the yield is lower and lower along with the increase of the placing time, so that the silage finished product can be fed as soon as possible.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of silage processing technologies, in particular to a silage processing technology.

Background

The feed is added with antibiotics to promote the health and growth of livestock and poultry, but pathogenic bacteria can generate drug resistance, and potential safety hazards are brought to the health of people. Along with the improvement of health consciousness of people, antibiotic-free cultivation is more and more concerned. Therefore, there is a need to develop a feed free of antibiotics.

The sweet corn is planted in most areas of China, is rich in vitamins, mineral substances and the like, has the effects of stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, treating dysmenorrhea and the like, and is widely used in the livestock production process. Ensiling is a feed storage mode which takes fresh green feed crops, pasture and the like as raw materials and utilizes the fermentation effect of anaerobic microorganisms to store the nutritional characteristics of green succulent feed for a long time, and is an effective way for ensuring the livestock to supply the green succulent feed in a balanced way throughout the year and reasonably utilizing the ensiling raw materials. The silage corn feed has the effects of improving the utilization value of the sweet corn, expanding the feed source, adjusting the supply period of the sweet corn and the like. The silage sweet corn feed has the problems of poor palatability, residue in the feeding process and waste. Therefore, there is a need to develop a silage sweet corn feed with good palatability.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a silage processing technology for solving the problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a silage processing technology comprises the following steps:

s1, harvesting the feeding sweet corn on sunny days, spreading the corn in the field and airing, and controlling the water content of the feeding sweet corn to be reduced to 60% -70%, wherein the stalks of the feeding sweet corn are twisted with force and are not easy to break;

s2, harvesting the sweet corn for silage, timely transporting the harvested sweet corn to a silage place to be crushed, performing compaction treatment after cutting, controlling the sweet corn to be cut to 2-3cm when the sweet corn is cut to be short, and placing the sweet corn for later use;

s3, mixing the powder with 10⁶cfg/g lactobacillus bouillon and 0.5% formic acid, stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, taken out to constitute the additive when ready for use, when ensilage is mixed according to the feed sweet corn: lactobacillus bouillon: formic acid 950-: 1 g: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight proportion of 1g and the weight of the sweet corn for feeding, and weighing the additive for later use;

s4, crushing the soybeans into soybean powder, storing the soybean powder in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the soybean powder with the soybean powder 1: 11000-14000 and the using weight of the additive to calculate the using weight of the soybean meal, and then weighing the soybean meal for later use;

s5, storing the rice bran in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the sweet corn for feeding with the rice bran according to the weight ratio of 28.5-36.5: 1, calculating the using weight of the rice bran according to the weight proportion of the sweet corn for feeding, and then weighing the rice bran for later use;

s6, mixing the prepared soybean meal in the S4 and the additive in the S3, feeding the mixed product and the prepared materials in the S2 and the S5 into a stirrer (or manually using a shovel) to stir for 5-10min, and fully mixing the feeding sweet corn, the rice bran, the soybean meal and the additive to obtain a mixture;

s7, bundling the mixture stirred in the step S6 by using an ensiling bundling machine, sending the mixture into the bundling machine for bundling, and automatically feeding a net rope into the ensiling bundling machine for 3 seconds for bundling when an alarm of the bundling machine rings to obtain ensiling round bundles;

s8, coating the bundled silage round bales by using a silage coating machine, automatically operating the coating starting process by a machine, and automatically finishing by the coating machine during the coating process to obtain silage bales of the forage sweet corn silage finished products;

s9, after the coating is finished, the silage bags are transported to a storage place, in the transportation process, in order to avoid sharp objects from piercing the coating, the silage bags can be placed in an idle warehouse which is convenient to transport or a vacant place which is close to a breeding production area and has a high terrain, the tightness of the silage bags needs to be checked regularly during placement, and the anaerobic environment required by silage bag fermentation is ensured.

Preferably, when the soybean flour and the additive are mixed in advance in S6, the soybean flour weighed in step S4 is divided into 4 parts by weight according to the requirement of multi-stage mixing, then the additive weighed in step S3 and the 4 parts by weight of the soybean flour are sequentially mixed from small to large, so that the additive and the soybean flour are fully mixed, and finally the uniformly mixed additive and soybean flour are weighed and stacked according to the weight of each stack of the sweet corn for feeding for later use.

Preferably, when the baled silage round bales are coated by the silage coating machine in the step S8, the adopted thickness of the tensile film is 0.025mm, and the tensile ratio is 55-70%.

Preferably, in S8, when the silage round bale is wrapped by the silage wrapping machine, the number of wrapping layers is 4-8, and the wrapping layers should overlap by more than 50%.

Preferably, in S9, when the silage package is damaged, the sealing treatment should be performed by using a scotch tape in time.

Preferably, the silage package in S9 can be used after silage for 1-2 months, the silage package can be placed for more than 2 years under a sealed condition, but the yield is lower and lower along with the increase of the placing time, so that the silage finished product is fed as soon as possible.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a silage processing technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the preparation process, the main material of the soybean and sweet corn machine is adopted for preparation, the soybean can be planted as the accompanying crops of the sweet corn, the price of raw materials can be effectively reduced, and the addition of 0.5 percent of formic acid and 10 percent of formic acid can be considered when the sweet corn is produced by enterprises and wrapped and ensiled by adopting the additive of the formic acid and lactobacillus bulgaricus⁶The cfg/g lactobacillus bulgaricus has the effects of improving the dry matter recovery rate, the crude protein content, the soluble sugar content and the feed digestibility, reducing the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen value and reducing the methane emission.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a table showing the influence of different additives of a silage processing technology on conventional silage nutritional indexes.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1:

a silage processing technology comprises the following steps:

s1, harvesting the feeding sweet corn on sunny days, spreading the corn in the field and airing, and controlling the water content of the feeding sweet corn to be reduced to 60% -70%, wherein the stalks of the feeding sweet corn are twisted with force and are not easy to break;

s2, harvesting the sweet corn for silage, timely transporting the harvested sweet corn to a silage place to be crushed, performing compaction treatment after cutting, controlling the sweet corn to be cut to 2-3cm when the sweet corn is cut to be short, and placing the sweet corn for later use;

s3, mixing the powder with 10⁶cfg/g lactobacillus bouillon and 0.5% formic acid, stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, taken out to constitute the additive when ready for use, when ensilage is mixed according to the feed sweet corn: lactobacillus bouillon: formic acid 950-: 1 g: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight proportion of 1g and the weight of the sweet corn for feeding, and weighing the additive for later use;

s4, crushing the soybeans into soybean powder, storing the soybean powder in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the soybean powder with the soybean powder 1: 11000-14000 and the using weight of the additive to calculate the using weight of the soybean meal, and then weighing the soybean meal for later use;

s5, storing the rice bran in a cool and dry place for later use, and mixing the sweet corn for feeding with the rice bran according to the weight ratio of 28.5-36.5: 1, calculating the using weight of the rice bran according to the weight proportion of the sweet corn for feeding, and then weighing the rice bran for later use;

s6, mixing the prepared soybean meal in the S4 and the additive in the S3, feeding the mixed product and the prepared materials in the S2 and the S5 into a stirrer (or manually using a shovel) to stir for 5-10min, and fully mixing the feeding sweet corn, the rice bran, the soybean meal and the additive to obtain a mixture;

s7, bundling the mixture stirred in the step S6 by using an ensiling bundling machine, sending the mixture into the bundling machine for bundling, and automatically feeding a net rope into the ensiling bundling machine for 3 seconds for bundling when an alarm of the bundling machine rings to obtain ensiling round bundles;

s8, coating the bundled silage round bales by using a silage coating machine, automatically operating the coating starting process by a machine, and automatically finishing by the coating machine during the coating process to obtain silage bales of the forage sweet corn silage finished products;

s9, after the coating is finished, the silage bags are transported to a storage place, in the transportation process, in order to avoid sharp objects from piercing the coating, the silage bags can be placed in an idle warehouse which is convenient to transport or a vacant place which is close to a breeding production area and has a high terrain, the tightness of the silage bags needs to be checked regularly during placement, and the anaerobic environment required by silage bag fermentation is ensured.

Preferably, when the soybean flour and the additive are mixed in advance in S6, the soybean flour weighed in step S4 is divided into 4 parts by weight according to the requirement of multi-stage mixing, then the additive weighed in step S3 and the 4 parts by weight of the soybean flour are sequentially mixed from small to large, so that the additive and the soybean flour are fully mixed, and finally the uniformly mixed additive and soybean flour are weighed and stacked according to the weight of each stack of the sweet corn for feeding for later use.

Further, in S8, when the baled silage round bale is coated by a silage coating machine, the adopted thickness of the tensile film is 0.025mm, and the tensile ratio is 55-70%.

Further, preferably, in S8, when the silage film wrapping machine is used to wrap the bundled silage round bales, the number of wrapping layers is 4-8, and the wrapping layers should overlap by more than 50%.

Further, in S9, it is preferable that the sealing treatment should be performed with scotch tape in time when the silage bag is damaged.

Further, preferably, the silage package in S9 can be used after silage for 1-2 months, and the silage package can be placed for more than 2 years under a sealed condition, but the yield is lower and lower along with the increase of the placing time, so that the silage finished product should be fed as soon as possible.

Example 2: this example is based on example 1, but differs therefrom in that no additives are added;

example 3: this example is based on example 1, but differs in that the additive is 5% formic acid, as measured by the ratio of fed sweet corn: formic acid 950-: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight ratio of 1g and the weight of the feeding sweet corn;

example 4: this example is based on example 1, but differs therefrom in that the additive is 106cfg/g lactobacillus bouillon, as follows: lactobacillus boulardii 950-: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight ratio of 1g and the weight of the feeding sweet corn;

example 5: this example is based on example 1, but differs therefrom in that the additive is 106cfg/g lactobacillus plantarum, as per the feeding sweet corn: lactobacillus plantarum 950 ═ 960 kg: calculating the use weight of the additive according to the weight ratio of 1g and the weight of the feeding sweet corn;

the specific indexes refer to the following table 1-the influence of different additives on the conventional nutrition indexes of the silage is referred, the yield of dry matters of the silage sweet corns in the group of the formic acid and the lactobacillus boughonii is the largest, and the difference is obvious compared with that of a control group; the dry matter recovery rate after ensiling is obviously reduced compared with the control group by the treatment of other groups, and no significant difference exists between the dry matter recovery rate and the control group. In a whole view, the addition of the formic acid and the lactobacillus boughi in the ensiling process is most beneficial to storing more dry matters, and the dry matter recovery rate is improved.

Compared with the control group, the increase degree of the crude protein of the formic acid plus lactobacillus distributus treatment group is the largest in the treatment group of the 4 additives in the ensiling process, and compared with the control group, the crude protein of the ensiling after the formic acid plus lactobacillus distributus treatment is increased by 7.53 percent, and the difference between the treatment group and the rest four groups is obvious;

in general, the crude ash content after ensiling of each additive treatment group is reduced, but the crude ash content after the addition of the formic acid and the lactobacillus buchneri is obviously different from that of the control group, and is reduced by 4.32 percent compared with that of the control group (11.54 percent), the crude ash content after ensiling of the formic acid treatment group is the lowest (7.22 percent), and the reduction degree is the largest;

the treatment group with lactobacillus plantarum significantly increased the total energy value, which was 0.91KJ/g higher than the control group.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.