阅读说明：本技术 一种含连翘的青储饲料及其制备方法 (Silage containing fructus forsythiae and preparation method thereof ) 是由 安琦 原韬 曹亚彬 牛彦波 吴皓琼 殷博 董博 于 2021-03-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种含连翘的青储饲料及其制备方法,它涉及一种饲料及其制备方法。本发明旨在在草食动物喂养过程中,预防与治疗呼吸道疾病与病毒性疾病。本发明含连翘的青储饲料主要由秸秆、连翘、宇佐美曲霉和乳酸菌制成。制备方法：一、乳酸菌液的制备；二、乳酸菌液淀粉液制备：向乳酸菌菌液中加入淀粉,制成含淀粉的乳酸菌液；三、宇佐美曲霉孢子悬液制备；四、将连翘揉丝后与铡短的秸秆混合、搅拌均匀,并在搅拌过程中加入含淀粉的乳酸菌液与宇佐美曲霉孢子悬液,之后打包密封；五、青贮发酵：青贮包在室温避雨的环境中自然发酵。本发明方法将连翘与秸秆的联合青贮,其苦味被浓重的青贮发酵气息遮蔽与掩盖,使得连翘可以随青贮饲料一起直接饲喂。(A silage containing fructus forsythiae and a preparation method thereof relate to a feed and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to prevent and treat respiratory diseases and viral diseases in the feeding process of herbivorous animals. The invention relates to a green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae, which is mainly prepared from straws, fructus forsythiae, aspergillus usamii and lactic acid bacteria. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing lactic acid bacteria liquid; secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch; thirdly, preparing aspergillus usamii spore suspension; fourthly, mixing the kneaded fructus forsythiae and the chopped straw, uniformly stirring, adding lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch and aspergillus usamii spore suspension in the stirring process, and then packaging and sealing; fifth, ensiling and fermenting: the ensiling bag is naturally fermented in a rain sheltering environment at room temperature. The method of the invention combines the fructus forsythiae and the straws for ensiling, and the bitter taste of the fructus forsythiae is shielded and covered by the fermentation smell of the dense ensiling, so that the fructus forsythiae can be directly fed with the ensiling feed.)

1. The green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae is mainly prepared from straws and lactic acid bacteria; the method is characterized in that the silage containing fructus forsythiae also comprises fructus forsythiae and aspergillus usamii.

2. The silage containing forsythia suspensa according to claim 1, wherein the straw is whole plant straw of maize in milk stage; the forsythia is a pruned branch of a forsythia plant; the lactobacillus is Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) 1.11; the Aspergillus usamii is Aspergillus usamii 3.2926.

3. The ensilage containing forsythia suspensa according to claim 1, wherein 5kg to 20kg of forsythia suspensa is added per ton of straw.

4. The method for preparing the green storage feed containing forsythia suspensa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the green storage feed containing forsythia suspensa is prepared by the steps of:

firstly, preparing lactic acid bacteria liquid;

secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;

thirdly, preparing aspergillus usamii spore suspension;

fourthly, mixing the kneaded fructus forsythiae and the chopped straw, uniformly stirring, adding lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch and aspergillus usamii spore suspension in the stirring process, and then packaging and sealing;

fifth, ensiling and fermenting: the ensiling bag is naturally fermented for 60 +/-5 days in a rain-sheltering environment at room temperature.

5. The preparation method of the silage containing forsythia suspensa as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the fourth step, the forsythia suspensa is cut into 5.1-10 cm short and then is subjected to silking by a silk rolling machine.

6. The method for preparing the silage containing forsythia suspensa as claimed in claim 5, wherein forsythia suspensa is added in the fourth step in a proportion of 5kg to 20kg per ton of straw.

7. The method for preparing the green storage feed containing forsythia suspense according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch in the second step is 2.0% -5.0%; step one lactic acid bacteria in MRSAfter two-stage activation and proliferation in culture medium, the effective viable count of lactobacillus in the bacterial liquid reaches 1 × 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml。

8. The method for preparing the silage containing forsythia suspensa according to claim 5, characterized in that aspergillus usamii spore suspension is prepared: the Aspergillus usamii is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and then is subjected to secondary amplification culture by a triangular flask and a curved plate, and is dried and crushed to prepare the Aspergillus usamii spore 1 × 10¹¹And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare aspergillus usamii spore suspension.

9. The preparation method of the silage containing fructus forsythiae according to claim 5, wherein 1-1.5L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid is added to each ton of straw in the fourth step; 150 ml-500 ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension is added into each ton of straws in the fourth step.

10. The preparation method of the green storage feed containing forsythia suspense according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the length of the short straw cut in the fourth step is 5.1-10 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Along with the abuse and flooding of antibiotic drugs, the superbacteria seriously threaten human health and animal health. In order to ensure the safety of human food, a series of laws and regulations have been provided by the government of China, and the management of antibiotics in the breeding industry has risen to the legal level. However, in the domestic breeding industry, due to the fact that the aspects of integral facilities, technology, nutrition, management and the like are not complete enough, the morbidity and mortality of various animals are high, a new effective technical method under the situation of 'nonreactive breeding' is urgently needed, and traditional Chinese medicines and microecology are important components in a plurality of technologies.

Chinese veterinary medicine has been used for thousands of years in China, and a large number of research results show that the Chinese veterinary medicine can treat diseases, improve the health level of cultured animals, improve daily gain and the like, and has great application prospects in the breeding industry. However, in the practical use of the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, many problems are not negligible, the application of the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine is severely restricted by large dosage, high cost, difficult drenching, poor palatability and the like, and the market share of the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine is very low so far.

Fructus forsythiae is a traditional Chinese medicine, has good effects on treating respiratory diseases, viral diseases and the like, and the medicinal part of fructus forsythiae is fruits in human medicine. According to research results, the planted forsythia branches and leaves also have relatively rich functional components and are a cheap traditional Chinese medicine resource. Researchers in China determine major functional components of forsythin and forsythiaside A in forsythia suspense leaves, and the content of the forsythin and forsythiaside A is far higher than that of 2 components of forsythiaside and forsythiaside in forsythia suspense under the determination item of content of forsythia suspense in 'pharmacopoeia 2010 edition', the content of forsythiaside is more than or equal to 0.15%, and the content of forsythiaside is more than or equal to 0.25%. In the annual planting of forsythia suspensa, in order to improve the fruit yield, a lot of waste branch leaves are brought by pruning, and the branches can be ensiled together with straws after the steps of collecting, removing soil, cutting short, softening silk and the like to form an ensilage which has the effects of preventing and treating certain diseases.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a silage containing fructus forsythiae and a preparation method thereof, and aims to prevent and treat respiratory diseases and viral diseases in the feeding process of herbivorous animals.

The invention relates to a green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae, which is mainly prepared from straws, fructus forsythiae, aspergillus usamii and lactic acid bacteria.

The green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, preparing lactic acid bacteria liquid;

secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;

thirdly, preparing aspergillus usamii spore suspension;

fourthly, mixing the kneaded fructus forsythiae and the chopped straw, uniformly stirring, adding lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch and aspergillus usamii spore suspension in the stirring process, and then packaging and sealing;

fifth, ensiling and fermenting: the ensiling bag is naturally fermented for 60 +/-5 days in a rain-sheltering environment at room temperature.

Forsythia suspense branches, although valuable in treating herbivore disease, have poor palatability, bitter taste, causing herbivores (especially cattle) to reject food. The method of the invention combines the fructus forsythiae and the straws for ensiling, and the bitter taste of the fructus forsythiae is shielded and covered by the fermentation smell of the dense ensiling, so that the fructus forsythiae can be directly fed with the ensiling feed. Meanwhile, the cell wall of the forsythia is damaged by active substances such as organic acid, enzyme and the like, so that the dissolution of active ingredients is accelerated, and the utilization rate of the forsythia is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows: the green feed containing fructus forsythiae in the embodiment is prepared from whole corn straws in the milk stage, pruned branches of fructus forsythiae plants, lactobacillus plantarum 1.11(lactobacillus plantarum), Aspergillus usamii 3.2926(Aspergillus usamil) and starch.

The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: and adding 5 kg-20 kg of forsythia suspense plant pruned branches into each ton of maize whole plant straws in the milk stage. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the length of the short corn straw is 5.1-10 cm; cutting fructus forsythiae to 5.1-10 cm short, and softening by a silk kneading machine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to third embodiments in that: preparation of lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum)1.11 bacterial liquid: the culture conditions are constant temperature 30 deg.C, static culture for 18-24 hr to obtain effective viable count of 1 × 10⁸～10⁹CFU/ml. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fourth embodiments in that: aspergillus usamii (Aspergillus usamil)3.2926 spore suspension preparation: the mold is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and is subjected to secondary enlarged culture in triangular flask and koji tray, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain 3.2926 spore containing Aspergillus usamii 1 × 10¹¹And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare spore suspension.

The solid shallow fermentation takes wheat bran and corn as main raw materials; after the solid shallow fermentation medium is subjected to material preparation, sterilization, cooling and seed starter inoculation, the solid shallow fermentation medium is cultured for 48 to 72 hours to form spores, and the culture is finished; drying at low temperature (below 55 deg.C), pulverizing, sieving, and packaging under 80 mesh sieve to obtain the product with spore number of 1 × 10¹¹More than one spore per gram, and diluting with clean water before use to obtain spore suspension.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, preparing lactic acid bacteria liquid;

secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;

thirdly, preparing aspergillus usamii spore suspension;

fourthly, mixing the kneaded fructus forsythiae and the chopped straw, uniformly stirring, adding lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch and aspergillus usamii spore suspension in the stirring process, and then packaging and sealing;

fifth, ensiling and fermenting: the ensiling bag is naturally fermented for 60 +/-5 days in a rain-sheltering environment at room temperature.

The invention adds lactobacillus and aspergillus usamii into silage as silage inoculants, wherein the aspergillus usamii utilizes starch in whole corn grains to grow, quickly consumes oxygen in the silage to form an anaerobic environment, and dies along with the exhaustion of the oxygen; then the lactic acid bacteria utilize reducing sugar (including reducing sugar generated by hydrolyzing starch by aspergillus usamii glucoamylase) in the silage to grow and reproduce and generate lactic acid, so that silage can be smoothly carried out. The competitive utilization of aspergillus usamii on oxygen inhibits the reproduction and growth of aerobic putrefying microorganisms, reduces the putrefaction and deterioration of silage, and improves the effective recovery rate and product quality of the silage.

Along with the process of ensiling, the peculiar acid and fragrant smell generated in the ensiling process can obviously shield the inherent bitterness of fructus forsythiae and improve the palatability; the active substances such as organic acid, enzyme and the like generated by the metabolism of the microorganisms can soften the hardness of the fructus forsythiae, break the cell walls of the plants, facilitate the dissolution of the functional substances and further improve the effects of preventing and treating diseases.

The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: and in the fourth step, the forsythia suspense is cut into 5.1-10 cm short and then is subjected to silking by a silk kneading machine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the sixth embodiment.

The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from the sixth or seventh embodiment in that: in the fourth step, 5kg to 20kg of forsythia is added into each ton of straw. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the sixth or seventh embodiment.

The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment is different from the sixth to eighth embodiments in that: in the second step, the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch is 2.0-5.0%; in the first step, the lactobacillus is subjected to two-stage activation proliferation in an MRS culture medium, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus in the bacterium liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; preparation of aspergillus usamii spore suspension: the Aspergillus usamii is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and then is subjected to secondary amplification culture by a triangular flask and a curved plate, and is dried and crushed to prepare the Aspergillus usamii spore 1 × 10¹¹And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare aspergillus usamii spore suspension. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the sixth to eighth embodiments.

The detailed implementation mode is ten: this embodiment is different from one of the sixth to ninth embodiments in that: adding 1-1.5L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid into each ton of straws in the fourth step; 150 ml-500 ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension is added into each ton of straws in the fourth step; the length of the short straw cut in the fourth step is 5.1-10 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the sixth to ninth embodiments.

Example 1

Preparing a green storage feed containing fructus forsythiae:

the silage containing fructus forsythiae in the embodiment is prepared from whole corn straws in the milk stage, pruned branches of fructus forsythiae plants, lactobacillus plantarum 1.11(Lactobacillus plantarum), Aspergillus usamii 3.2926(Aspergillus usamil) and starch;

firstly, kneading fructus forsythiae, mixing with chopped straw, uniformly stirring, adding a lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch and aspergillus usamii spore suspension in the stirring process, and then packaging and sealing;

II, ensiling and fermenting: the ensiling bag is naturally fermented for 60 days in a rain sheltering environment at room temperature.

Wherein, the preparation of lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum)1.11 bacterial liquid: the culture conditions are constant temperature 30 deg.C, static culture for 18-24 hr to obtain effective viable count of 1 × 10⁸～10⁹CFU/ml。

Aspergillus usamii (Aspergillus usamil)3.2926 spore suspension preparation: the mold is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and is subjected to secondary enlarged culture in triangular flask and koji tray, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain 3.2926 spore containing Aspergillus usamii 1 × 10¹¹CFU/g seed, diluted 50 times with water before use to make spore suspension.

Cutting fructus forsythiae to 5.1-10 cm short, and softening by a silk kneading machine; adding 10kg of fructus forsythiae into each ton of straw; the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch is 2.0-5.0%; adding 1.2L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid into each ton of straws; adding 300ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension into each ton of straws; the length of the short straw cut in the fourth step is 5.1-10 cm.

Example 2

The difference between this example and example 1 is that 10kg of forsythia suspensa is added per ton of straw. The other ensiling processes and conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 3

This example is different from example 1 in that no forsythia fruit was added. The other ensiling processes and conditions were the same as in example 1.

The silage prepared in the examples 1-3 is detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1:

table 1 tests according to the national animal husbandry Association of China for the complete silage corn T/CAAA0005-2018

The silage prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 detects the functional components Phillyrin (Phillyrin) and Phillyrin a (forsythiaside a) in forsythia suspensa, and the detection results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

The practical application effect of the silage prepared in the embodiment 1-3 in meat goose breeding is shown in the following table 3:

TABLE 3

Description of the experiment:

the fructus forsythiae branches of 5% and 10% (examples 1-2) are added into the whole-plant corn silage raw materials, after silage for 2 months, the materials have normal sour and sweet smell, the color is slightly darker than that of the whole-plant corn silage, the straw and the leaves are clear in texture, the texture is loose, no obvious mildew and rot exist, and normal silage preservation is realized.

The silage is detected according to the whole silage plant corn T/CAAA 005-2018 issued by the Chinese livestock-raising society, and the nutritional index of the silage is reduced slightly along with the addition of fructus forsythiae branches (embodiments 1-2).

The results of detecting functional components of fructus forsythiae in the silage show that the silage prepared in the embodiment 1-2 respectively contains 1.13mg/kg and 0.63mg/kg of phillyrin and 2.98mg/kg and 1.59mg/kg of phillyrin A, and a material basis for treating and preventing animal diseases is laid.

In a feeding test (table 3), by using silage containing fructus forsythiae (examples 1 to 2), the overall health level of goose groups is improved, the survival rate is improved by 4.15 to 4.38%, the daily gain is improved by 1.67 to 2.36%, and a good using effect is shown.

The economic benefits are mainly reflected in the aspects of weight increase during slaughter, survival rate improvement, reduction of therapeutic drugs and the like, and the profit of a single meat goose is increased by about 4.5 yuan.