阅读说明：本技术 一种提高花生秧青贮品质的方法 (Method for improving ensiling quality of peanut seedlings ) 是由 许能祥 陈志德 袁洁 董臣飞 张文洁 沈一 丁成龙 顾洪如 刘蓓一 程云辉 田吉 于 2021-02-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种提高花生秧青贮品质的方法,属于青贮饲料技术领域,本发明以新鲜花生秧为原料,均匀喷洒糖蜜和丙酸钙混合液后,密闭发酵45～120天,得到高品质花生秧青贮料。本发明通过对花生秧进行青贮,大大的延长了花生秧的贮存时间,可以做到常年均衡供应,并且得到的花生秧青贮料品质较佳,粗蛋白含量高,养分损失少。(The invention provides a method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of silage. According to the invention, the peanut seedlings are ensiled, so that the storage time of the peanut seedlings is greatly prolonged, the perennial balanced supply can be realized, and the obtained peanut seedling ensilage has good quality, high crude protein content and less nutrient loss.)

1. A method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings is characterized in that a mixed solution of molasses and calcium propionate is uniformly sprayed on the peanut seedlings for silage.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the molasses is 1-2% of the fresh weight of the peanut vine.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the calcium propionate sprayed is 0.5-1.5% of the fresh weight of the peanut seedlings.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molasses has a water content of 22-27%, a sugar content of 45-55%, and a crude protein content of 9-15%.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the peanut vine is cut peanut vine, the peanut vine crude protein content being greater than 9%.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry matter content of the peanut seedlings is 25-40%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ensiling means is any one of bagging, cellaring, bagging, pond storage, or tower storage.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ensiling time is 45 to 120 days.

9. The peanut sprout silage prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.

10. The peanut sprout silage as claimed in claim 9, wherein the silage has a pH of 4.24-4.75 and a crude protein content of 9.26-10.51 DM%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of silage, and particularly relates to a method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings.

Background

The silage is characterized by aromatic smell, tenderness, juiciness, good palatability and the like, and is increasingly applied by farmers in the production of animal husbandry. At present, the silage is mainly used as the coarse feed in most of large, medium and small dairy farms and mutton sheep farms. Ensiling is the process of producing organic acid by means of lactic acid bacteria attached to plant body and utilizing soluble carbohydrate in material to ferment and lower pH value fast, so as to kill or inhibit various microbes and preserve green feed for long period.

The agricultural waste peanut seedlings in China have rich yield, and a large amount of straws are burnt every year, so that resources are wasted and the environment is polluted. The peanut vine is used for developing leguminous coarse feed resources and feeding ruminant such as cattle, so as to solve the problem of lack of leguminous coarse feed resources in the breeding process. The disadvantage of feeding animals with peanut vine straw is that the straw has low nutritive value and poor palatability. At present, the processing method of taking peanut vine straws as feed mainly adopts a large-scale dryer high-temperature drying method. The method produces peanut seedlings with longer storage life, but needs large investment and large yield to reduce the cost. Moreover, the southern region of China is in rainy seasons in 7-8 months, peanut seedlings cannot be dried in the sun in a high-humidity environment, are easy to mildew, are low in yield, and are not worth investing in drying and storing by a dryer. So that only direct discarding is an option, resulting in a large waste of roughage material. The long-term development of animal husbandry is greatly limited, so that how to effectively utilize peanut seedlings to prepare high-quality silage is one of the technical problems to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings, which effectively prolongs the storage time of the peanut seedlings, and the obtained silage for peanut seedlings has high quality and less nutrient loss.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the mixed solution of molasses and calcium propionate on peanut seedlings for ensiling.

Preferably, the spraying amount of the molasses is 1-2% of the fresh weight of the peanut seedlings.

Preferably, the spraying amount of the calcium propionate is 0.5-1.5% of the fresh weight of the peanut seedlings.

Preferably, the water content of the molasses is 22-27%, the sugar content is 45-55%, and the crude protein content is 9-15%.

Preferably, the peanut seedlings are cut peanut seedlings, and the crude protein content of the peanut seedlings is more than 9%.

Preferably, the dry matter content of the peanut seedlings is 25-40%.

Preferably, the ensiling mode is any one of bag storage, cellar storage, bag storage, pond storage or tower storage.

Preferably, the ensiling time is 45-120 days.

The invention also provides the peanut seedling green storage material prepared by the method.

Preferably, the silage has a pH of 4.24-4.75 and a crude protein content of 9.26-10.51 DM%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention obviously increases the crude protein content, the soluble carbohydrate content, the starch content, the non-structural carbohydrate content and the in vitro digestibility of the peanut seedling green stock by adding the molasses and calcium propionate mixed solution, reduces the neutral washing fiber content and the acidic washing fiber content of the peanut seedling green stock, and effectively reduces the nutrient loss of the peanut seedling green stock.

The method obviously reduces the pH value of the peanut sprout green stock and the bacterial colony number of bacteria and saccharomycetes and increases the bacterial colony number of lactobacillus by adding the molasses and calcium propionate mixed solution, thereby effectively improving the quality of the peanut sprout green stock and the animal palatability.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for improving the silage quality of peanut seedlings, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the mixed solution of molasses and calcium propionate on peanut seedlings for ensiling.

The molasses is prepared by evaporating purified sugarcane juice or beet juice to obtain massecuite with crystals, separating out crystal sugar with a centrifuge, collecting the residual mother liquor, and is rich in saccharide and protein, and can provide energy and vitamins for ruminant.

The water content of the molasses added in the invention is 22-27%, preferably 24-25%; the sugar content is 45-55%, preferably 48-52%; the content of crude protein is 9-15%, preferably 10-12%. In the invention, the addition of the honey can provide fermentation substrates for the lactic acid bacteria and promote the increase of the colony number of the lactic acid bacteria. The specific source of molasses is not limited in the present invention.

The calcium propionate is white crystal or white crystal powder or particles, has no odor or little propionic acid odor, is an acid food preservative, generates free propionic acid under an acidic condition, has an antibacterial effect, has a strong inhibiting effect on various moulds, gram-negative bacilli or aerobic bacilli in an acidic medium (starch, substances containing protein and grease), can also inhibit the generation of aflatoxin, is harmless to saccharomycetes, is harmless to people and livestock, has no toxic or side effect, and is often used as a mildew preventive in the aspects of food, brewing, feed, traditional Chinese medicine preparation and the like. The calcium propionate can be directly dissolved in the molasses and sprayed on the peanut seedlings to prevent the peanut seedlings from mildewing. The specific source of calcium propionate is not limited in the present invention.

The spraying amount of the molasses is 1-2% of the fresh weight of the peanut seedlings, and the spraying amount is preferably 1.2-1.5%; the spraying amount of the calcium propionate is 0.5-1.5% of the fresh weight of the peanut seedlings, and the more preferable spraying amount is 1-1.2%. The invention discovers that the additive amounts of molasses and calcium propionate are reasonably proportioned, the molasses and the calcium propionate can play a role in synergy, the loss of nutrients of the peanut seedling silage can be obviously reduced, and the effect of improving the silage quality is better.

The raw material of the invention is fresh peanut seedlings after peanut harvest. As an optional implementation method, after the peanuts are harvested, the peanut seedlings can be used as raw materials after being simply beaten to remove soil on the roots.

In the invention, fresh peanut seedling raw materials are cut and used for ensiling, and the cutting length of the peanut seedlings is 2-3 cm, and the more preferable length is 2.5 cm. According to the invention, the peanut seedling tissues can exude a large amount of juice through cutting, so that the surface is wetted, and sugar flows out and is attached to the surface layer of the raw material, thereby being beneficial to propagation of lactic acid bacteria, accelerating the ensiling process and improving the yield of the peanut seedlings.

The peanut seedlings have high biological yield and the crude protein content of the plants is up to more than 9 percent. As an optional implementation mode, the yield of the fresh peanut seedlings reaches more than 200 kg/mu, and the standard of high biological yield is met. The invention adopts peanut seedlings with high biological yield and high crude protein content as raw materials, so that the silage can still keep rich nutrition, and has softer texture and strong palatability to livestock and poultry.

The dry matter content of the peanut vine is 25-40%, and the preferable dry matter content is 30-35%. When the moisture content of the peanut seedlings is higher, proper airing can be carried out so as to ensure the dry matter content of the peanut seedling raw materials. According to the invention, the normal activity of lactic acid bacteria in the ensiling process is ensured by controlling the water content of peanut seedlings, and the phenomena that the raw material is too much in water and is easy to compact and agglomerate and the ensiling material is smelly and the quality is reduced due to the large amount of activity of the butyric acid bacteria are avoided.

The invention immediately stores the peanut seedlings into the material after spraying molasses and calcium propionate additives. The silage charging process of the invention is faster and better, so that the exposure time of the raw materials in the air can be shortened, the loss caused by the respiration of plant cells can be reduced, and the mass propagation of aerobes can be avoided.

The ensiling mode of the invention can be any one of bag storage, cellar storage, bag storage, pond storage or tower storage. As an optional implementation mode, the molasses and calcium propionate additive is uniformly sprayed on peanut seedlings, then the peanut seedlings are immediately put into polyethylene bags of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, each bag is 250-300 g, the bags are sealed by a vacuum sealing machine, and the peanut seedlings are placed at room temperature (26.7-37.8 ℃) for dark storage after being sealed, and then bag storage type ensiling fermentation is carried out. As another alternative embodiment, the molasses and calcium propionate additive is uniformly sprayed on peanut seedlings, the peanut seedlings are immediately placed into a container/cellar which is airtight and watertight, the peanut seedlings need to be compacted layer by layer when the cellar is filled, the cellar is sealed after the silage container is filled, when the cellar is sealed, a 6-8 silk polyethylene film is covered firstly, the polyethylene film is required to be tightly attached to a material surface and the four sides are tightly pressed, the upper surface of the polyethylene film is uniformly covered by moist soil or rare mud for 5-10 cm, the peanut seedlings are covered by a straw mat, the straw mat is erected to prevent rain wash and sunlight exposure, the peanut seedlings are placed into the cellar, and fermentation is finished. The present invention is not limited to a specific ensiling method.

The ensiling time of the peanut seedling ensiling material is 45-120 days, and preferably 60-80 days. The invention discovers that lactic acid can be obviously increased after silage is carried out for 45-120 days, the pH value of silage is reduced to be below 5.0, meanwhile, the content of nutrients such as crude protein and carbohydrate is increased, the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber is greatly reduced, and the silage meets the silage standard.

The invention needs to check at any time in the fermentation management process, the sealing soil at the top of the cellar is cracked or sunk, the cellar is covered and sealed in time to prevent air leakage, and when the local mildewing of the bag is caused by sand holes on the bag or the bag is cut by careless filling, the bag is timely attached with adhesive tapes and the like.

The invention also provides the peanut seedling silage prepared by the method, and the obtained silage has the pH of 4.24-4.75 and belongs to silage with good quality. The silage provided by the invention has the advantages that the silage contains 9.26-10.51 DM of crude protein, 3.24-3.81 DM of soluble carbohydrate, 7.42-7.63 DM of starch, 10.67-11.44 DM of non-structural carbohydrate and 76.56-77.29% of dry matter in-vitro digestibility. The silage of the invention has rich nutrient content and low bacterial and yeast colony number, obviously improves the quality of the peanut seedling silage, and reduces the loss of nutrient content of the peanut seedling.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, both molasses and calcium propionate are conventional commercial products.

Example 1

In this example, a single-factor control experiment was performed on the amount of molasses + calcium propionate added, and three sets of parallel experiments were set up.

(1) Selecting fresh peanut seedlings with the yield of 210 kilograms per mu and the crude protein content of 10 percent. After the peanut seedlings are harvested, soil at the roots of the peanut seedlings is removed, the peanut seedlings are properly aired until the dry matter content is 35%, and the peanut seedlings are cut into small sections with the length of 2.5 cm.

(2) Molasses with 25% of water content, 50.43% of sugar content and 9.24% of crude protein content is selected, mixed with calcium propionate and sprayed on peanut seedlings. Specific amounts of molasses and calcium propionate added are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 amount of molasses and calcium propionate added (fresh weight)

(3) Loading the peanut seedlings sprayed with the additive into polyethylene bags of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, each bag is 250g, sealing the bags by using a vacuum sealing machine, placing the bags at room temperature in a dark place after sealing, and opening the bags for 60 days to measure various indexes.

(4) The crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber content, acidic detergent fiber content, soluble carbohydrate content, starch content, non-structural carbohydrate content and in vitro digestibility of the peanut sprout green stock obtained by the treatment of each group are measured, and the results are shown in table 2. (results are the average of three replicates)

TABLE 2 influence of different additives on the quality of peanut seedling silage (DM%)

As can be seen from Table 2, the peanut sprout silage treated by spraying molasses and calcium propionate has higher crude protein content, soluble carbohydrate content, starch content, non-structural carbohydrate content and in-vitro digestibility than those without addition, wherein the crude protein content is increased by 12.65-27.86%, the soluble carbohydrate content is increased by 44-69.33%, the starch content is increased by 35.65-39.49%, the non-structural carbohydrate content is increased by 38.21-48.19%, and the in-vitro digestibility is increased by 1.44-2.41%. The content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of the peanut sprout green stock treated by spraying molasses and calcium propionate is lower than that of the peanut sprout green stock without the additive, wherein the content of the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 3.02-7.82%, and the content of the acid detergent fiber is reduced by 6.95-24.89%. In conclusion, the spraying of the molasses and calcium propionate additive can obviously improve the quality of the peanut seedling green stock and reduce the loss of the nutrient components of the peanut seedlings.

(5) The pH values of the peanut sprout green stock obtained by the treatment of each group and the microbial colony numbers of bacteria, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes are measured, and the results are shown in a table 3. (results are the average of three replicates)

TABLE 3 influence of different additives on the pH value of the peanut sprout silage and the number of microbial colonies

As can be seen from Table 3, the pH value and the bacterial colony number of the peanut sprout green stock treated by adding molasses and calcium propionate are lower than those of the peanut sprout green stock without adding molasses and calcium propionate, wherein the pH value is reduced by 0.33-0.84, the bacterial colony number is reduced by 1.91-6.14%, and the yeast colony number is reduced by 14.44-100%; the number of lactobacillus colonies of the peanut sprout green stock treated by adding the molasses and the calcium propionate is higher than that of the lactobacillus colonies without adding, and is increased by 0.68-3.29%. In conclusion, the spraying of the molasses and calcium propionate additive can obviously improve the quality of the peanut seedling green stock and reduce the loss of the nutrient components of the peanut seedlings.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.