Test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range
阅读说明：本技术 一种用于获取岩石爆破、冲击损伤分布范围的测试方法 (Test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range ) 是由 夏祥 李海波 张江发 王犇 于 2020-12-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于获取岩石爆破、冲击损伤分布范围的测试方法,首先,通过对标准的立方体或长方体岩石试样的几组相对侧面的全平面声波穿透测试,得到爆破前后声波波速变化率的平面分布规律,由此可确定特定岩石材料的临界波速变化率指标以及相应的岩石损伤区范围；然后在对岩石试样切片并按同样的方法测试和分析波速变化规律,最后再采用通用的等值线绘图程序进行数据处理,即可获得岩石爆破或冲击损伤区的空间形状和大小。本发明测试方法的优点有：操作简单、结果精确可靠；不仅解决了常规声波测试方法精度不足、结果可靠性低的缺点,而且还能够获得爆破损伤区的空间分布,对实际工程的爆破设计和破岩方法选择具有指导和参考意义。(The invention discloses a test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range, which comprises the following steps of firstly, obtaining a plane distribution rule of the wave velocity change rate of sound waves before and after blasting through a full plane sound wave penetration test on a plurality of groups of opposite side surfaces of a standard cubic or cuboid rock sample, and determining the critical wave velocity change rate index of a specific rock material and the corresponding rock damage area range; then, the rock sample is sliced, the wave velocity change rule is tested and analyzed according to the same method, and finally, a general contour line drawing program is adopted to carry out data processing, so that the spatial shape and size of the rock blasting or impact damage area can be obtained. The test method of the invention has the advantages that: the operation is simple, and the result is accurate and reliable; the method not only solves the defects of insufficient precision and low result reliability of the conventional sound wave testing method, but also can obtain the spatial distribution of the blasting damage area, and has guiding and reference significance for blasting design and rock breaking method selection of actual engineering.)
1. A test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
s1, making a cuboid or cubic rock sample required by the blasting experiment;
s2, distributing sound wave test points on the surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position information of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample;
s3, performing sound wave test before blasting of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity before blasting of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s4, filling explosives, and detonating a rock sample;
s5, conducting sound wave test after detonation of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and obtaining sound wave velocity after detonation of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s6, calculating the wave velocity change rate of the sound waves before and after blasting of each sound wave test point on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s7, guiding the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all sound wave test points on the same rock sample surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on an interface in the direction corresponding to the rock sample surface;
and S8, repeating the step S7 to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on the interface in the corresponding direction of the surface of other rock samples.
2. The test method for obtaining the two-dimensional distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: also comprises the following steps:
s9, cutting the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and making a rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s10, distributing sound wave test point positions on the surface of a rock sample slice of a cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position of each sound wave test point position on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice;
s11, performing sound wave test on the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice;
s12, calculating the wave velocity change rate of each rock sample slice before and after blasting;
s13, importing the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test point positions on each rock sample slice into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain a damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice;
and S14, obtaining a three-dimensional distribution rule of the sound wave velocity change rate of the whole cuboid or cube rock sample according to the damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice obtained in the step S13, and determining the space shape and size of the blasting damage area of the whole cuboid or cube rock sample.
3. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the concrete steps of making the cuboid or cubic rock sample for the blasting experiment are:
(1) cutting the rock to be tested into standard cuboid or cubic rock samples according to the characteristics of the blasting type and the arrangement of the blasting holes;
(2) polishing all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to blasting experiment or research requirements, and ensuring the flatness of all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of all opposite side surfaces;
(3) according to the parameters of the number, arrangement, aperture, depth and the like of the blast holes specified in the blasting experimental design, the blast holes are drilled on the top surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the axis direction of the blast holes is continuously checked in the drilling process so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the blast holes.
4. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the concrete steps of making the cuboid or cubic rock sample for the blasting experiment are:
(1) cutting the rock to be tested into standard cuboid or cubic rock samples according to the characteristics of the blasting type and the arrangement of the blasting holes;
(2) polishing 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to blasting experiment or research requirements, and ensuring the flatness of the 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of the two opposite side surfaces;
(3) according to the parameters of the number, arrangement, aperture, depth and the like of the blast holes specified in the blasting experimental design, the blast holes are drilled on the top surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the axis direction of the blast holes is continuously checked in the drilling process so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the blast holes.
5. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage is as follows: in step S2, the concrete steps of laying sound wave test points on the surface of a cuboid or cubic rock sample and acquiring the position information of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample are as follows:
(1) distributing sound wave test points on each rock sample side surface of a cuboid or cube rock sample by taking the vertical projection of a blast hole on the side surface as the center according to the rule of dense-sparse or uniform distribution; the sound wave test points on the surfaces of two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are arranged in the same way, and the sound wave test points on the two opposite rock sample side surfaces are symmetrical about a rock sample central plane parallel to the two rock sample side surfaces;
(2) establishing a coordinate system corresponding to each two opposite side surfaces and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; the sound wave test point position information coordinate system corresponding to each pair of the side surfaces takes a rock sample central plane parallel to the pair of rock sample side surfaces as a reference plane of the coordinate system, takes the intersection point of the rock sample hole blasting axis and the rock sample bottom surface as the origin of the coordinate system, takes the boundary line of the rock sample central plane and the rock sample bottom surface as the X axis of the coordinate system, and takes the rock sample hole blasting axis as the Y axis of the coordinate system;
(3) and (3) recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of each two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to the coordinate system established in the step (2).
6. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 5, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the specific steps of performing the acoustic wave test before blasting the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the acoustic wave velocity before blasting all the acoustic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are as follows:
(1) respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sound wave instrument on the corresponding sound wave test points on each opposite two side surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to be tested before blasting;
(2) according to a one-to-one correspondence principle, testing and recording the wave velocity of the sound waves before blasting of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one;
in step S5, the specific steps of performing the acoustic wave test after the explosion of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the acoustic wave velocity after the explosion of all the acoustic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are as follows:
(1) with reference to the mode in step S3 (1), first, adhering the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the acoustic wave instrument to the corresponding acoustic wave test points on each of the two opposite side surfaces of the blasted cuboid or cubic rock sample;
(2) and (5) according to the mode of (2) in the step S3, testing and recording the wave velocity of the sound wave after the explosion of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle.
7. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 6, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the specific method for calculating the wave velocity change rate before and after blasting of each sound wave test point on each corresponding rock sample surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample is as follows: respectively substituting the sonic wave velocity before explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sonic wave velocity after explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S4 into a sonic wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0In the method, the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test points on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample can be calculated; wherein, c0And c are the sound wave speeds of corresponding test points on the two opposite side surfaces of the rock sample before and after blasting respectively, and eta represents the change rate of the sound wave speed.
8. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 2, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S9, a cuboid or cubic rock sample is cut, and a rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample is manufactured, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) after blasting, sectioning the blasting rock sample into a plurality of rock sample slices according to the rule that the blasting rock sample is parallel to the side face of any rock sample after the cuboid or cubic rock sample is blasted at a certain interval;
(2) polishing the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice;
in step S10, sound wave test points are distributed on the surface of a rock sample slice of a cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the position of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice is obtained, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) distributing and marking sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice from a vertical center line according to a rule from dense to sparse or even distribution;
(2) establishing a coordinate system corresponding to the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point;
(3) and (3) recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice according to the coordinate system established in the step (2).
9. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 8, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: in step S11, performing a sound wave test on the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain sound wave velocities of all sound wave test points on each rock sample slice:
(1) respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the acoustic wave instrument to corresponding acoustic wave test points on the surfaces of two sides of each rock sample slice to be tested;
(3) and (4) testing and recording the sound wave speeds of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of the cutting edge of each rock sample one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle.
10. The test method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage according to claim 9, wherein: in step S12, the specific steps of calculating the wave velocity change rate before and after blasting of each rock sample slice are: calculating the sound wave velocity before explosion of all the sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sound wave velocity after explosion of all the sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S11 according to a sound wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0And obtaining the change rate of the sound wave speed before and after the blasting of each rock sample slice.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test method for obtaining distribution ranges of rock blasting and impact damage.
Background
In the geotechnical engineering construction of hydroelectric power, nuclear power and the like, when rock mass blasting excavation of a dam, a tunnel or a factory building is carried out, bedrock and tunnel surrounding rock are kept to be inevitably damaged under the action of blasting impact, and a blasting damage area is formed. The measurement of the damage distribution rule and the influence range of the rock near the blasting area is the premise of optimizing the blasting scheme, saving the engineering cost and ensuring the engineering safety, and is also the basic target for carrying out the mechanical research of rock blasting and impact damage and the analysis of the damage evolution rule.
Currently, there are two main methods for on-site and indoor test analysis of rock blasting and impact damage characteristics: crack observation and sonic wave speed test;
the former crack observation method is only limited to crack observation, pile bursting and pit bursting measurement in an engineering field, and still belongs to a subjective and qualitative measurement means; the indoor experiment also comprises an electron microscope, CT scanning and the like of the rock slice, and can analyze the microscopic structural characteristics of the rock and judge the damage and destruction states. But the size and range of the slices are small and representative is limited. Furthermore, the slicing method cannot be practically implemented in a severely crushed area around the blast hole.
The latter sound wave velocity test method has the basic principle that the increase of the number and the size of microscopic cracks and macroscopic cracks in the rock can cause the reduction of the sound wave propagation velocity. According to the technical specification of rock foundation excavation engineering of hydraulic structures (DLT _ 5389-; when the wave velocity change rate exceeds 15%, the blasting is considered to generate great influence on the reserved rock mass, and the stability and strength of the rock cannot be ensured. Wherein the rate of change of wave velocity is defined as:
η＝1-c/c0 \*MERGEFORMAT(1)
in the formula, c0And c is the sound wave velocity of corresponding measuring points on the two opposite side surfaces of the rock sample before and after blasting respectively. The method can roughly define the outline of a rock damage area and judge the damage degree of a rock sample by measuring and comparing the sound wave velocity of the same rock sample at the same place before and after blasting and impact. The method is simple and has strong applicability, and can be widely applied indoors and in engineering sites. However, this method has a great disadvantage that the above criterion of the wave velocity change rate is only empirical data, and lacks theoretical and experimental bases, so that there is a great deviation in practical application. For example, scholars consider that the criterion in engineering has improved redundancy, even reaching 40%; most of the rock test blocks in the indoor experiment have the test results not exceeding 10%.
In addition, the two methods are methods for delineating the influence range of rock blasting, can only reflect the size of the influence range of rocks around a blasting area (or blast hole), and cannot be applied to the change rule of the rock damage degree from near to far and from large to small. Understanding the distribution rule of rock damage near the blast holes and analyzing the influence factors of the blast damage are necessary conditions for optimizing the design of blast parameters such as blast hole arrangement, charge calculation, charge mode and segmented delay. Therefore, in the experimental test of rock damage, a test method needs to be proposed or improved, so that the test method is not limited to the subjective and empirical judgment standard of the critical wave velocity change rate, and the distribution rule of the rock damage along the periphery of the blast hole can be described, so that reference is provided for blasting optimization design and rock blasting damage research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for obtaining a rock blasting and impact damage distribution range, which is used for overcoming the defects in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range comprises the following steps:
s1, making a cuboid or cubic rock sample required by the blasting experiment;
s2, distributing sound wave test points on the surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position information of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample;
s3, performing sound wave test before blasting of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity before blasting of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s4, filling explosives, and detonating a rock sample;
s5, conducting sound wave test after detonation of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and obtaining sound wave velocity after detonation of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s6, calculating the wave velocity change rate of the sound waves before and after blasting of each sound wave test point on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s7, guiding the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all sound wave test points on the same rock sample surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on an interface in the direction corresponding to the rock sample surface;
and S8, repeating the step S7 to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on the interface in the corresponding direction of the surface of other rock samples.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s9, cutting the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and making a rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
s10, distributing sound wave test point positions on the surface of a rock sample slice of a cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position of each sound wave test point position on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice;
s11, performing sound wave test on the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice;
s12, calculating the wave velocity change rate of each rock sample slice before and after blasting;
s13, importing the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test point positions on each rock sample slice into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain a damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice;
and S14, obtaining a three-dimensional distribution rule of the sound wave velocity change rate of the whole cuboid or cube rock sample according to the damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice obtained in the step S13, and determining the space shape and size of the blasting damage area of the whole cuboid or cube rock sample.
Further, in step S1, the concrete steps of making the cuboid or cubic rock sample for the blasting test are:
(1) cutting the rock to be tested into standard cuboid or cubic rock samples according to the characteristics of the blasting type and the arrangement of the blasting holes;
(2) polishing all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to blasting experiment or research requirements, and ensuring the flatness of all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of all opposite side surfaces;
(3) according to the parameters of the number, arrangement, aperture, depth and the like of the blast holes specified in the blasting experimental design, the blast holes are drilled on the top surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the axis direction of the blast holes is continuously checked in the drilling process so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the blast holes.
Further, in step S1, the concrete steps of making the cuboid or cubic rock sample for the blasting test are:
(1) cutting the rock to be tested into standard cuboid or cubic rock samples according to the characteristics of the blasting type and the arrangement of the blasting holes;
(2) polishing 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to blasting experiment or research requirements, and ensuring the flatness of the 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of the two opposite side surfaces;
(3) according to the parameters of the number, arrangement, aperture, depth and the like of the blast holes specified in the blasting experimental design, the blast holes are drilled on the top surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the axis direction of the blast holes is continuously checked in the drilling process so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the blast holes.
Further, in step S2, the concrete steps of laying sound wave test points on the surface of the cuboid or cube rock sample and acquiring the position information of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample are as follows:
(1) distributing sound wave test points on each rock sample side surface of a cuboid or cube rock sample by taking the vertical projection of a blast hole on the side surface as the center according to the rule of dense-sparse or uniform distribution; the sound wave test points on the surfaces of two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are arranged in the same way, and the sound wave test points on the two opposite rock sample sides are symmetrical about the rock sample central plane parallel to the two rock sample sides.
(2) Establishing a coordinate system corresponding to each two opposite side surfaces and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; the sound wave test point position information coordinate system corresponding to each pair of the side surfaces takes a rock sample central plane parallel to the pair of rock sample side surfaces as a reference plane of the coordinate system, takes the intersection point of the rock sample hole blasting axis and the rock sample bottom surface as the origin of the coordinate system, takes the boundary line of the rock sample central plane and the rock sample bottom surface as the X axis of the coordinate system, and takes the rock sample hole blasting axis as the Y axis of the coordinate system;
(3) and (3) recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of each two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to the coordinate system established in the step (2).
Further, in step S3, the specific steps of performing the acoustic wave test before blasting the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the acoustic wave velocity before blasting all the acoustic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are as follows:
(1) respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sound wave instrument on the corresponding sound wave test points on each opposite two side surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to be tested before blasting;
(2) according to a one-to-one correspondence principle, testing and recording the wave velocity of the sound waves before blasting of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one;
in step S5, the specific steps of performing the acoustic wave test after the explosion of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the acoustic wave velocity after the explosion of all the acoustic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are as follows:
(1) with reference to the mode in step S3 (1), first, adhering the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the acoustic wave instrument to the corresponding acoustic wave test points on each of the two opposite side surfaces of the blasted cuboid or cubic rock sample;
(2) and (5) according to the mode of (2) in the step S3, testing and recording the wave velocity of the sound wave after the explosion of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle.
Further, in step S6, the specific method for calculating the wave velocity change rate before and after blasting of each sound wave test point on each corresponding rock sample surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample is as follows: respectively substituting the sonic wave velocity before explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sonic wave velocity after explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S4 into a sonic wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0In the method, the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test points on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample can be calculated; wherein, c0And c are the sound wave speeds of corresponding test points on the two opposite side surfaces of the rock sample before and after blasting respectively, and eta represents the change rate of the sound wave speed.
Further, in step S9, dissect the cuboid or cube rock sample, make the rock sample slice of cuboid or cube rock sample, its concrete steps are:
(1) after blasting, sectioning the blasting rock sample into a plurality of rock sample slices according to the rule that the blasting rock sample is parallel to the side face of any rock sample after the cuboid or cubic rock sample is blasted at a certain interval;
(2) polishing the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice;
in step S10, sound wave test points are distributed on the surface of a rock sample slice of a cuboid or cubic rock sample, and the position of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice is obtained, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) distributing and marking sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice from a vertical center line according to a rule from dense to sparse or even distribution;
(2) establishing a coordinate system corresponding to the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point;
(3) and (3) recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice according to the coordinate system established in the step (2).
Further, in step S11, performing a sound wave test on the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cube rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocities of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice:
(1) respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the acoustic wave instrument to corresponding acoustic wave test points on the surfaces of two sides of each rock sample slice to be tested;
(3) and (4) testing and recording the sound wave speeds of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of the cutting edge of each rock sample one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle.
Further, the specific step of calculating the wave velocity change rate before and after blasting of each rock sample slice in step S12 is: respectively substituting the sonic wave velocity before explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sonic wave velocity after explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S11 into a sonic wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0And obtaining the change rate of the sound wave speed before and after the blasting of each rock sample slice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the operation is simple, the result is accurate and reliable, and the problem that the critical wave velocity change rate specified by the specification is unreasonable is avoided; (2) the rock damage distribution rule of each direction or even three-dimensional space near the blast hole can be accurately analyzed, and reference and basis are provided for the research of the refined blasting design and the damage distribution rule.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the test method for obtaining rock blasting and impact damage distribution range according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a granite sample taken in an example of one particular application of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layout of sound wave test points on 4 sides of the granite sample of FIG. 2 before blasting;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rock sample slice cut from the granite sample of FIG. 2 and defining acoustic test points;
FIG. 5 is a distribution rule of the wave velocity change rate of the sound wave in a pair of lateral directions of the granite sample in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the distribution law of the wave velocity change rate of the sound waves in the other pair of lateral directions of the granite sample in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a spatial distribution plot of the blast damage range of the granite sample of FIG. 2;
description of reference numerals: 100. granite samples; 101. slicing a granite sample; 200. blasting holes; 300. a sound wave test point on the surface of the granite sample; 300' and a sound wave test point on the surface of the granite sample slice;
in fig. 5: the X axis passes through the center of the bottom surface of the granite sample and is parallel to the P1 and P3 planes, and the central point 0 is an intersection point with the axis of the blast hole; the Y-axis represents the thickness of the granite sample in mm; PSV represents the rate of change of the wave velocity of the sound wave;
in fig. 6: the X axis passes through the center of the bottom surface of the granite sample and is parallel to the P2 and P4 planes, and the center point 0 is the intersection point with the axis of the blast hole; the Y-axis represents the thickness of the granite sample in mm; PSV represents the rate of change of the wave velocity of the acoustic wave.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following description further explains how the invention is implemented by combining the attached drawings and the detailed implementation modes.
Referring to fig. 1, the testing method for obtaining the distribution range of rock blasting and impact damage provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, making a cuboid or cubic rock sample required by the blasting experiment;
the specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, cutting a rock block to be detected into a standard cuboid or cubic rock sample according to the characteristics of blasting types and blast hole arrangement; then, polishing all surfaces or grinding all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to blasting experiment or research requirements, and ensuring the flatness of all surfaces of the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of all opposite side surfaces; or according to blasting experiment or research needs, 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample are polished to ensure the flatness of the 4 side surfaces parallel to the axis of the blast hole on the cuboid or cubic rock sample and the parallelism of the two opposite side surfaces; and finally, drilling the blasting holes on the top surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to parameters such as the number, arrangement, aperture and depth of the blasting holes specified by the blasting experimental design, and continuously checking the axial direction of the blasting holes in the drilling process so as to ensure the verticality of the blasting holes.
S2, distributing sound wave test points on the surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position information of each sound wave test point on the surface of the corresponding rock sample;
the specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, distributing sound wave test points on each rock sample side surface of a cuboid or cubic rock sample by taking the vertical projection of a blast hole on the side surface as the center according to the rule of dense-sparse or uniform distribution; the sound wave test points on the surfaces of two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample are arranged in the same way, and the sound wave test points on the two opposite rock sample side surfaces are symmetrical about a rock sample central plane parallel to the two rock sample side surfaces; then, establishing a coordinate system corresponding to each two opposite side surfaces and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; the sound wave test point position information coordinate system corresponding to each pair of the side surfaces takes a rock sample central plane parallel to the pair of rock sample side surfaces as a reference plane of the coordinate system, takes the intersection point of the rock sample hole blasting axis and the rock sample bottom surface as the origin of the coordinate system, takes the boundary line of the rock sample central plane and the rock sample bottom surface as the X axis of the coordinate system, and takes the rock sample hole blasting axis as the Y axis of the coordinate system; and finally, recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of each two opposite sides of the cuboid or cubic rock sample according to the coordinate system established in the step (2).
S3, performing sound wave test before blasting of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity before blasting of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
the specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sound wave instrument on corresponding sound wave test points on each opposite two side surfaces of a cuboid or cubic rock sample to be tested before blasting; and then, according to a one-to-one correspondence principle, testing and recording the wave velocity of the sound wave before blasting of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one.
S4, filling explosives, and detonating a rock sample;
s5, conducting sound wave test after detonation of the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and obtaining sound wave velocity after detonation of all sound wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
the specific operation steps are as follows: with reference to the mode of the step S3, firstly, respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sonic instrument on the corresponding sonic test points on each opposite two side surfaces of the blasted cuboid or cubic rock sample to be tested; and then testing and recording the sound wave velocity of the sound wave after the explosion of all the sound wave test points on each two opposite side surfaces one by one according to a one-to-one corresponding principle.
S6, calculating the wave velocity change rate of the sound waves before and after blasting of each sound wave test point on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
the specific calculation method comprises the following steps: respectively substituting the sonic wave velocity before explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sonic wave velocity after explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S4 into a sonic wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0In the method, the sound wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test points on the surface of each corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample can be calculated; wherein, c0And c are the sound wave speeds of corresponding test points on the two opposite side surfaces of the rock sample before and after blasting respectively, and eta represents the change rate of the sound wave speed.
S7, guiding the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all sound wave test points on the same rock sample surface of the cuboid or cubic rock sample into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on the interface in the corresponding direction; the contour drawing program or plug-in may be a program or plug-in with a contour automatic drawing function, such as Origin, Matlab, Surfer, and the like.
And S8, repeating the step S7 to obtain the damage distribution rule of the cuboid or cubic rock sample on the interface in the corresponding direction of the surface of other rock samples.
Here, it should be noted that: the above steps S1 to S8 are applicable to determining the critical wave velocity change rate index of a specific rock material and the corresponding rock damage area range, but the test method for obtaining the rock blasting and impact damage distribution range provided by the present invention can be used not only to obtain the critical wave velocity change rate index of a specific rock material and the corresponding rock damage area range, but also to obtain the spatial shape and size of the rock blasting or impact damage area, and specifically, on the basis of the steps S1 to S8, the following steps are added:
s9, cutting the cuboid or cubic rock sample, and making a rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample;
the specific operation steps are as follows: after blasting, sectioning the blasting rock sample into a plurality of rock sample slices according to the rule that the blasting rock sample is parallel to the side face of any rock sample after the cuboid or cubic rock sample is blasted at a certain interval; and then polishing the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice, so that the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cubic rock samples can be obtained.
S10, distributing sound wave test point positions on the surface of a rock sample slice of a cuboid or cubic rock sample, and acquiring the position of each sound wave test point position on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice;
the specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, distributing and marking sound wave test points on the surfaces of two sides of each rock sample slice from a vertical center line according to a rule from dense to sparse or even distribution; then, establishing a coordinate system corresponding to the surfaces of the two sides of each rock sample slice and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; and finally, recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice according to the established coordinate system.
S11, performing sound wave test on the rock sample slices of the cuboid or cubic rock sample to obtain the sound wave velocity of all the sound wave test points on each rock sample slice;
the specific operation steps are as follows: referring to the mode of the step S3, firstly, the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the sound wave instrument are respectively stuck to the corresponding sound wave test points on the two side surfaces of each rock sample slice to be tested, and then the sound wave velocities of all the sound wave test points on the two side surfaces of each rock sample cutting edge are tested and recorded one by one according to the principle of one-to-one correspondence.
S12, calculating the wave velocity change rate of each rock sample slice before and after blasting;
the specific operation steps are as follows: respectively substituting the sonic wave velocity before explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S3 and the sonic wave velocity after explosion of all sonic wave test points on the surface of the corresponding rock sample slice of the cuboid or cubic rock sample obtained in the step S11 into a wave velocity change rate calculation formula, namely eta is 1-c/c0And obtaining the wave velocity change rate before and after blasting of each rock sample slice.
S13, importing the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test point positions on each rock sample slice into an isoline drawing program or a plug-in unit to obtain a damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice;
and S14, obtaining a three-dimensional distribution rule of the sound wave velocity change rate of the whole cuboid or cube rock sample according to the damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice obtained in the step S13, and accordingly determining the space shape and size of the blasting damage area of the cuboid or cube rock sample.
In order to better explain the technical scheme of the invention, the following specifically explains how to obtain the rock blasting and impact damage range and the spatial shape and size of the rock blasting or impact damage area by taking a single-hole blasting experiment for a certain granite with relatively uniform texture selected in the region of Huashan in Shaanxi as an example:
firstly, processing and manufacturing a rock sample: firstly, processing a certain granite stone material with relatively uniform texture selected in the region of Shaanxi Huashan into cuboid granite samples 100 with the length, width and height of 1051mm, 1050mm and 1045mm respectively; then polishing the front, rear, left and right side surfaces P1-P4 of the cuboid granite sample 100, wherein the unevenness error of 4 side surfaces is required to be not more than 0.5mm, and the parallelism error of two opposite side surfaces is required to be not more than 1.0 mm; then, a blast hole 200 with the aperture of 25mm and the depth of 650mm is drilled at the center of the top surface of the rectangular granite sample 100, as shown in fig. 2, and the axis direction of the blast hole is continuously checked during the drilling process to ensure the verticality of the drilled hole.
Step two, distributing and marking sound wave test points: firstly, dividing sound wave test points on 4 rock sample side surfaces P1-P4 of a cuboid granite sample 100 by respectively taking the vertical projection of a blast hole 200 on each side surface as the center according to the rule of dense-to-sparse distribution, namely: from the vertical center line of each surface, scribing sound wave test points 300 with the distance of 50mm in 200mm of each of the left and right sides and the distance of 100mm at the outer side, referring to fig. 3; then, establishing a coordinate system corresponding to each two opposite side surfaces and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; the sound wave test point position information coordinate system corresponding to each pair of the side surfaces takes a rock sample central plane parallel to the pair of rock sample side surfaces as a reference plane of the coordinate system, takes the intersection point of the rock sample hole blasting axis and the rock sample bottom surface as the origin of the coordinate system, takes the boundary line of the rock sample central plane and the rock sample bottom surface as the X axis of the coordinate system, and takes the rock sample hole blasting axis as the Y axis of the coordinate system; and finally, recording the position information of all the sound wave test points 300 on the 4 side surfaces P1-P4 of the rectangular granite sample 100 according to the established coordinate system.
Thirdly, testing the sonic wave speed c of all sonic wave test points on 4 side surfaces of the cuboid granite sample before explosion0: before blasting, respectively adhering a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sound wave instrument to corresponding sound wave test points on the sides of P1 and P3 of a cuboid granite sample 100, and testing and recording sound wave velocities of all the sound wave test points on the sides of P1 and P3 before blasting one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle; then, the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the sound wave instrument are respectively stuck on the corresponding sound wave test points on the P2 and P4 sides of the cuboid granite sample 100In the above step, according to the principle of one-to-one correspondence, the sound wave velocities of all the sound wave test points on the sides of P2 and P4 before blasting are tested and recorded one by one; thus, the sound wave velocity c before explosion of all the sound wave test points 300 on the 4 side surfaces P1-P4 of the cuboid granite sample 100 is obtained0；
Step four, filling explosive and detonating a rock sample: firstly, filling a 220 mm-long ultra-fine Taian (PETN) explosive in a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) explosion tube with the inner diameter of 8mm, wherein the total explosive quantity is 6.22 g; then, placing the PVC cartridge filled with the explosive at the center of the explosion hole 300 of the cuboid granite sample 100, and then sealing and filling the upper part of the explosion hole 300 of the cuboid granite sample 100 by using epoxy resin; then, detonating a cuboid granite sample 100;
and fifthly, testing the sonic wave speed c of all the sonic wave test points on 4 side surfaces of the cuboid granite sample 100 after explosion: the testing method and the steps are the same as those before detonation, namely, a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of a sound wave instrument are respectively stuck to corresponding sound wave test points on the side surfaces of P1 and P3 of a cuboid granite sample 100, and the sound wave speeds of all the sound wave test points on the side surfaces of P1 and P3 before explosion are tested and recorded one by one according to the one-to-one correspondence principle; then, respectively sticking a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the sound wave instrument on corresponding sound wave test points on the sides of P2 and P4 of the cuboid granite sample 100, and testing and recording the sound wave speeds of all the sound wave test points on the sides of P2 and P4 before blasting one by one according to a one-to-one correspondence principle; thus, the sound wave velocity c of the exploded 300 sound wave test points on the 4 side surfaces P1-P4 of the cuboid granite sample 100 is obtained;
sixthly, calculating the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test points on the 4 side surfaces of the cuboid granite sample 100 before and after blasting: that is, the sonic wave velocity c before explosion of each sonic wave test point 300 obtained in the fifth step0And substituting the sonic wave velocity c after explosion into a sonic wave velocity change rate calculation formula respectively: eta 1-c/c0In the method, the wave velocity change rate eta before and after blasting of each sound wave test point 300 on 4 side surfaces of the cuboid granite sample can be obtained;
seventhly, acquiring the rock burst damage distribution rule of the cuboid granite sample 100 in the direction of the side surfaces of P1-P3 and the direction of the side surfaces of P2-P4: firstly, respectively guiding the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all sound wave test points 300 on the side surfaces of P1 and P3 of a cuboid granite sample 100 into an Origin isoline drawing program to obtain a damage distribution rule of the cuboid granite sample 100 on the interfaces in the directions of the side surfaces of P1 and P3, and referring to FIG. 4; then, respectively guiding the position information and the wave velocity change rate of all the sound wave test points 300 on the side surfaces of P2 and P4 of the cuboid granite sample 100 into an Origin isoline drawing program to obtain a damage distribution rule of the cuboid granite sample 100 on the interfaces in the directions of the side surfaces of P2 and P4, and referring to FIG. 5;
as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the maximum change rate PSV of the acoustic wave velocity of the rectangular granite sample 100 at the two mutually perpendicular interfaces is 6% and is less than the standard of the critical change rate (10% to 15%) specified by the standard, and therefore the standard is not applicable here. Since the standard of the wave velocity change rate can be determined according to the comparison with the range of the damage area after blasting, the wave velocity change rate PSV of the sound wave is determined to be 4%, and the ranges of the damage areas around the blasting hole of the cuboid granite sample 100 in the embodiment can be determined to be 160mm and 210mm respectively by taking the wave velocity change rate PSV as the standard.
Thus, the testing of the blasting and impact damage range of a certain granite with relatively uniform texture selected in the region of Huashan in Shaanxi province is completed, the range of the damage area around the blasting hole is obtained, the blasting and impact damage range of the cuboid granite sample 100 in the embodiment is also obtained, and the two-dimensional image of the blasting and impact damage range of the cuboid granite sample 100 is obtained.
Eighthly, sectioning the cuboid granite sample 100 to manufacture a rock sample slice of the cuboid granite sample 100;
(1) sectioning the exploded rectangular granite sample 100 in a direction parallel to the P1 to obtain 8 rock sample slices 101;
(2) polishing the surfaces P1 'and P3' on the two sides of each rock sample slice 101 to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the surfaces P1 'and P3' on the two sides of each rock sample slice 101;
ninthly, distributing sound wave test points 300 'on the surface of each rock sample slice 101 of the cuboid granite sample 100, and acquiring the positions of all sound wave test points 300' on the surface of each rock sample slice 101: referring to the sound wave test point layout method in the second step, on the two side surfaces P1 ' and P3 ' of each rock sample slice 101, the sound wave test points 300 ' are laid and divided from the vertical center line according to the rule of dense to sparse or even distribution; then, establishing a coordinate system corresponding to the surfaces P1 'and P3' on the two sides of each rock sample slice 101 and used for acquiring the position information of the sound wave test point; and finally, recording the position information of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of the P1 'and the P3' of each rock sample slice 101 according to the established coordinate system.
Tenth, performing sound wave test on each rock sample slice 101 of the cuboid granite sample 100 to obtain the sound wave velocity of all the sound wave test points 300' on each rock sample slice 101: referring to the third step, firstly, the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the sound wave instrument are respectively stuck to the corresponding sound wave test points of the surfaces P1 'and P3' on the two sides of each rock sample slice 101 to be tested, and then the sound wave velocities of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces on the two sides of P1 'and P3' of each rock sample slice 101 are tested and recorded one by one according to the one-to-one correspondence principle.
Step eleven, calculating the wave velocity change rate of each rock sample slice 101 of the cuboid granite sample 100 before and after blasting: the sound wave velocity of the cuboid granite sample 100 obtained in the third step before blasting all the sound wave test points on the side surfaces of P1-P3 and the sound wave velocity of the sound wave test points on the surfaces of the corresponding rock sample slice 101 on the two sides of P1 'and P3' obtained in the tenth step are respectively substituted into a sound wave velocity change rate calculation formula: eta 1-c/c0And obtaining the sound wave velocity change rate of each rock sample slice 101 before and after the blasting of all the sound wave test points on the surfaces of the two sides of P1 'and P3'.
Step ten, importing the position information and the sound wave velocity change rate data of all the sound wave test points 300 ' on the surfaces P1 ' and P3 ' on the two sides of each rock sample slice 101 into an Origin contour drawing program to obtain the damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice 101;
a thirteenth step of obtaining a three-dimensional distribution rule of the change rate of the sound wave velocity of the whole cuboid granite sample 100 according to the damage distribution rule of each rock sample slice 101 obtained in the twelfth step, and determining the spatial shape and size of the blasting damage area of the whole cuboid granite sample 100; referring to fig. 6, the spatial shape and size of the blasting damage region of the rectangular granite sample 100 determined in this example are shown.
Finally, the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields using the contents of the present specification and the attached drawings are included in the scope of the present invention.
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