阅读说明：本技术 不同参数材料分区浇/填筑坝变形混合模型通用建立方法 (Universal building method for different parameter material partition pouring/filling dam deformation mixed model ) 是由 方卫华 徐兰玉 陈允平 蒋新新 张威 于 2021-04-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了不同参数材料分区浇/填筑坝变形混合模型通用建立方法,首先根据大坝结构特征选取测点所在坝段或坝体并确定各区相应的材料本构模型,建立高精度坝段或坝体数值模型,对各材料的本构参数进行敏感性分析,选定敏感参数结合坝体各材料分区,采用均匀设计确定材料参数-水位分区组合；对于每种参数组合,对应不同水位通过数值计算确定测点的水位-变形样本并拟合变形-水位函数；将均匀设计所有材料组合所得的变形-水位函数代入总体方程,通过最优化算法获得各函数的待定系数,从而得到测点变形的混合模型；本发明可建立混凝土坝或土石坝施工期和运行期变形混合模型,也可推广到变形、渗流及应力确定性建模。(The invention discloses a general building method of a different parameter material subarea casting/filling dam deformation mixed model, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a dam section or a dam body where a measuring point is located according to dam structure characteristics, determining a material constitutive model corresponding to each area, building a high-precision dam section or dam body numerical model, carrying out sensitivity analysis on constitutive parameters of each material, selecting sensitive parameters to combine with each material subarea of the dam body, and determining a material parameter-water level subarea combination by adopting uniform design; for each parameter combination, determining a water level-deformation sample of a measuring point by numerical calculation corresponding to different water levels and fitting a deformation-water level function; substituting deformation-water level functions obtained by uniformly designing all material combinations into a general equation, and obtaining undetermined coefficients of all functions through an optimization algorithm so as to obtain a mixed model of measuring point deformation; the method can establish a mixed deformation model of the concrete dam or the earth and rockfill dam in the construction period and the operation period, and can also be popularized to modeling of deformation, seepage and stress determinacy.)

1. The general building method of the deformation mixed model of the zonal pouring/filling dam of materials with different parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a dam body or a dam section where the measuring point is located, and acquiring the dam body or the dam section where the measuring point is located and material partitions of corresponding dam foundation and dam shoulder;

determining a constitutive model of each partition material, performing parameter sensitivity analysis on the constitutive model, and determining material parameter existence intervals of each partition according to test and detection information;

determining subintervals of the parameter intervals of the materials of all the zones, determining the combination of the materials and the water level and the combination number by adopting uniform design according to the number of all the material zones and the respective subintervals of the sensitive parameters of the materials of all the zones and simultaneously considering the water level change interval;

performing deformation numerical calculation on each material parameter combination under different water level conditions, determining a water level-deformation sample of a measuring point, and obtaining the water level-deformation sample by adopting an interpolation method when the water level sample is insufficient;

According to the measured point deformation-water level sample obtained by numerical calculation, establishing a deformation-water level fitting equation;

and traversing all the partition material combinations to obtain deformation-water level fitting equations under different combination conditions, completely substituting the deformation-water level fitting equations into the overall regression equation, and obtaining corresponding coefficients of all the deformation equations by adopting an optimization algorithm to form an overall mixed model of the deformation of the measuring points.

2. The method for universally establishing the different parameter material zonal pouring/filling deformation hybrid model according to claim 1, wherein the determining the constitutive model of the different parameter materials comprises:

judging the material type of a dam body or a dam foundation, if the material type is concrete and rock material of a dam in a running period, taking a linear elastoplasticity model, wherein the constitutive model parameter of a material partition i in an elastic stage is (Ei, mu i), wherein i is 1,2, … M, and M is the partition number of the material; selecting a viscoelastoplasticity constitutive model if the concrete dam is in a construction period;

and if the soil mass or the rockfill material exists, selecting a corresponding constitutive model from the Duncan E-B model, the Cambridge model, the south water model or the river and sea model according to the material characteristics.

3. The method for universally establishing the deformation mixed model of the pouring/filling dam of the material subareas with different parameters according to claim 1, wherein a dam body or a dam section where a deformation measuring point is located is determined, a corresponding material subarea is determined according to the dam body or the dam section where the measuring point is located, and for a concrete gravity dam which is poured in sections, if a middle dam section is selected, a dam abutment does not exist, and only the dam section where the measuring point is located and a corresponding space of a dam foundation are taken; if the dam is a two-bank dam section, a dam shoulder is required to be added; if the dam is an arch dam, the whole dam body, the dam foundation and the dam abutment are taken, and the earth-rock dam is determined according to the valley shape of the earth-rock dam; the V-shaped valley dam is integrated, and the middle measuring point of the dam of the U-shaped valley can be a plane.

4. The method for universally establishing the deformation mixed model of the zonal pouring/filling dam of different parameter materials according to claim 1, wherein the step of establishing a deformation-water level fitting polynomial according to the measured point water level-deformation sample comprises the following steps:

dividing a deformation-water level sample obtained by finite element calculation into a training sample and a test sample, wherein the proportion of the training sample is 9/10, and the proportion of the test sample is 1/10;

establishing a deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation for the training sample by adopting a least square method, partial least square or robust estimation method; the test samples are used for testing the generalization ability and the precision of the deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation, and the deformation-water level fitting equation which cannot meet the generalization ability and the precision needs to be reestablished.

5. The method for universally establishing the deformation mixed model of the different-parameter material zonal pouring/filling dam according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation under the condition of single material combination is specifically as follows:

if the material is concrete material of the dam in operation periodAnd if so, the expression of the polynomial is as follows:

if the material is soil, rockfill or concrete in construction period, the expression of the polynomial is as follows:

H is the water depth corresponding to the measuring point, and j is a power number; tau and omega are delay time of water depth change on deformation influence, and specific terms are determined according to trial calculation and analysisIs a polynomial coefficient.

6. The method for universally establishing the deformation mixed model for the zonal pouring/filling of the dam by the materials with different parameters according to claim 1, wherein a bionic optimization algorithm is adopted to obtain the corresponding coefficients of each deformation-water level fitting equation.

7. The method for universally establishing the deformation hybrid model for the different-parameter material zone pouring/filling dam according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the overall hybrid model is as follows:

in the formula: delta is the displacement of the measuring point;is the water pressure component; f (T) is the temperature component; f (t) is an aging component; n is the number of material combinations and Ai is the coefficient of the fitting equation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of dam safety monitoring, in particular to a general building method of a deformation mixed model for different parameter material partition pouring/filling dam.

Background

The mixed model is obtained by adopting a numerical calculation deterministic model form for a part of influence factors in the model, adopting a statistical model form for other influence factors and uniformly solving parameters by a statistical method for final results. The water pressure component of the common mixed model is calculated by finite elements, other components are still calculated by a statistical mode, and then the water pressure component and the measured value are optimized and fitted to establish a model. The basic form of the existing concrete gravity dam mixed model is

δ＝Xf(H)+f(T)+f(t) (1)

In the formula: δ is the monitoring effect displacement; f (H) is the hydraulic pressure component; f (T) is the temperature component; f (t) is the age component; and X is an adjusting parameter of the water pressure component. In fact, the above assumption is obtained based on the fact that the whole dam is made of a material with a single elastic modulus and the elastic modulus of the dam body and the elastic modulus of the dam foundation are in proportion and linear, in fact, the dam is cast or filled in a subarea mode, the concrete dam body (section) is cast in a subarea mode by concrete with different labels, each area of the earth-rock dam is filled with different earth materials, the material constitutive models and parameters of each area of the dam are different, and therefore the original mathematical model (1) is not suitable for building a mixed model of the dam under the real condition.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a general building method of a deformation mixed model for different parameter material subarea pouring/filling dam so as to solve the defects caused in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the general building method of the deformation mixed model of the zonal pouring/filling dam of materials with different parameters comprises the following steps:

determining a dam body or a dam section where the measuring point is located, and acquiring the dam body or the dam section where the measuring point is located and material partitions of corresponding dam foundation and dam shoulder;

determining a constitutive model of each partition material, performing parameter sensitivity analysis on the constitutive model, and determining material parameter existence intervals of each partition according to test and detection information;

determining subintervals of the parameter intervals of the materials of all the zones, determining the combination and the combination number of the materials and the water level by adopting uniform design according to the number of all the material zones and the respective subintervals of the sensitive parameters of the materials of all the zones and simultaneously considering the water level change interval;

performing deformation numerical calculation on each material parameter combination under different water level conditions, determining a water level-deformation sample of a measuring point, and obtaining the water level-deformation sample by adopting an interpolation method when the water level sample is insufficient;

according to the measured point deformation-water level sample obtained by numerical calculation, establishing a deformation-water level fitting equation;

And traversing all the partition material combinations to obtain deformation-water level fitting equations under different combination conditions, completely substituting the deformation-water level fitting equations into the overall regression equation, and obtaining corresponding coefficients of all the deformation equations by adopting an optimization algorithm to form an overall mixed model of the deformation of the measuring points.

Further, the determining the constitutive model of the different parameter materials includes:

judging the material type of a dam body or a dam foundation, if the material type is concrete and rock material of a dam in a running period, taking a linear elastoplasticity model, wherein the constitutive model parameter of a material partition i in an elastic stage is (Ei, mu i), wherein i is 1,2, … M, and M is the partition number of the material; selecting a viscoelastoplasticity constitutive model if the concrete dam is in a construction period;

and if the soil mass or the rockfill material exists, selecting a corresponding constitutive model from the Duncan E-B model, the Cambridge model, the south water model or the river and sea model according to the material characteristics.

Further, determining a dam body or a dam section where the deformation measuring point is located, determining a corresponding material partition according to the dam body or the dam section where the measuring point is located, and for the concrete gravity dam which is poured in a segmented mode, if the middle dam section is selected, no dam abutment exists, and only taking the corresponding space of the dam section where the measuring point is located and a dam foundation; if the dam is a two-bank dam section, a dam shoulder is required to be added; if the dam is an arch dam, the whole dam body, the dam foundation and the dam abutment are taken, and the earth-rock dam is determined according to the valley shape of the earth-rock dam; the V-shaped valley earth dam is integrated, and the middle measuring point of the earth dam of the U-shaped valley can be a plane.

Further, the method for establishing the deformation-water level fitting polynomial according to the measuring point water level-deformation sample comprises the following steps:

dividing a deformation-water level sample obtained by finite element calculation into a training sample and a test sample, wherein the proportion of the training sample is 9/10, and the proportion of the test sample is 1/10;

establishing a deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation for the training sample by adopting a least square method, partial least square or robust estimation method; the test samples are used for testing the generalization ability and the precision of the deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation, and the deformation-water level fitting equation which cannot meet the generalization ability and the precision needs to be reestablished.

Further, the expression of the deformation-water level polynomial fitting equation under the condition of single material combination is specifically as follows:

if the material is concrete material of a dam in operation, the expression of the polynomial is:

if the material is soil, rockfill or concrete in construction period, the expression of the polynomial is as follows:

h is the water depth corresponding to the measuring point, and j is a power number; tau and omega are delay time of water depth change on deformation influence, and specific terms are determined according to trial calculation and analysisIs a polynomial coefficient.

Further, a bionic optimization algorithm is adopted to obtain corresponding coefficients of each deformation-water level fitting equation.

Further, the overall mixture model is:

in the formula: delta is the displacement of the measuring point;is the water pressure component; f (T) is the temperature component; f (t) is an aging component; n is the number of material combinations and Ai is the coefficient of the fitting equation.

According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following effects:

1. the method overcomes the defects that the existing mixed model can only be suitable for a single material, has strong universality and can be popularized to the establishment of a multi-material dam certainty model; the method fully considers that concrete marks and earth-rock material mechanical properties of all parts of the dam are different under the real condition, and the method is also suitable for the dam of the nonlinear constitutive model;

2. the dam mixed model building method takes the spatial position of the measuring point and different materials of all parts of the section into consideration, improves the generalization capability, and is suitable for building the dam mixed model under the real condition.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of a modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an optimization algorithm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described below by combining the specific embodiments.

The invention discloses a general building method of a deformation mixed model of a partitioned pouring/filling dam of materials with different parameters under the real condition, which fully considers that concrete labels and earth-rock materials of all parts of the dam are different in mechanical property under the real condition, and the method is suitable for the dam of a nonlinear constitutive model.

The invention discloses a modeling method of a single-measuring-point deformation mixed model, which is based on the fact that dam subareas are poured or filled and the material parameters of each area of a dam (dam section) are different, fully applies the ideas of parameter identification, global sensitivity and the like. The method fully considers the influence degree of material parameters of each area of the dam (or the dam section) on deformation and the interaction between the material parameters and the deformation, truly reflects the nature of structural deformation of the position where a single measuring point is located, and considers the relationship of the overall information of dam body performance objectively existing in the actually measured deformation data.

The invention discloses a general building method of a different parameter material subarea casting/filling dam deformation mixed model, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a corresponding dam section or a dam body where a measuring point is located according to the dam subsection casting condition, determining a corresponding constitutive model according to the characteristics of each dam material and foundation (dam abutment) material, building a specific dam section or dam body (comprising a dam foundation and a dam abutment) numerical model, carrying out sensitivity analysis on constitutive model parameters of each area material on the basis, selecting sensitive parameter combination and each material subarea of the dam body, and determining material-material subarea combination by adopting uniform design; for each material combination, determining a water level-deformation sample of a measuring point through numerical calculation, and determining a deformation-water level functional relation formula by adopting polynomial fitting; according to the combination, the deformation-water level polynomial relations of all material-area combinations which are uniformly designed are substituted into a total regression equation, undetermined coefficients of all polynomial functions are obtained through an optimization algorithm, and therefore a mixed model of measuring point deformation is obtained; the invention overcomes the condition that the existing mixed model can only be suitable for a single-material concrete dam, has strong universality and definite mechanical significance, and can be popularized to the establishment of a deformation, seepage and stress certainty model of a multi-material dam.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention comprises the steps of:

step one, determining a dam body or a dam section where the measuring point is located, and obtaining the dam body or the dam section where the measuring point is located and material partitions of corresponding dam foundation and dam abutment.

Establishing a numerical model, and taking an integral dam for the arch dam; the method comprises the following steps of integrating a V-shaped valley earth dam, wherein a plane can be taken as a middle measuring point of the earth dam of a U-shaped valley, and integrating measuring points on two banks; the dam section where the gravity dam measurable point is located comprises a dam foundation and a dam body material partition.

And step two, determining a constitutive model of each material partition, performing parameter sensitivity analysis on the constitutive model, and determining a material parameter interval of each material partition.

And (3) determining material parameters according to the constitutive model selected by the material under the assumption that the material is divided into M regions. If concrete is assumed to be an ideal elastoplastic material for a concrete dam, the constitutive parameters of the i-zone material can be expressed as (Ei, μ i), where i is 1,2, … M. And taking a linear elastic model for the concrete material and taking a Duncan E-B model for the soil body. And determining the sensitive parameters of the model according to sensitivity analysis, wherein the elastic modulus of the common concrete material is taken, and the volume deformation modulus and other parameters are taken for the E-B model. Determining the variation interval of the material in each region according to laboratory test, field test or engineering experience, such as elastic modulus of linear elastic material Simultaneously determining the water level variation range [ W ] of upstream and downstream reservoirs_{Lower part}，W_{On the upper part}]。

And step three, determining subintervals of parameter intervals of all the materials according to the precision requirement or the engineering grade, and determining the combination number of the materials by adopting uniform design according to the number of subareas of all the materials and the subintervals of the subareas.

And (4) forming corresponding material combinations of different areas of the dam by considering the change of the water level of each area and the reservoir, wherein N combinations are formed.

The gravity dam working normally in a certain operation period is divided into an IV area according to materials and structures, a dam body is divided into two areas, and the elastic modulus of concrete is E_c1、E_c2The dam foundation rock mass is divided into two zones, the elastic modulus E of the rock mass₂₁Modulus of elasticity E of rock mass₂₂Besides the above parameters, the upstream water level H is also one of the key factors of the deformation of the measuring point, and the value intervals of the factors are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 parameter interval Table

Parameter(s)	Ec1	Ec2	E21	E22	H
						Interval(s)	16～29	15～30	12～30	10～25	92.70～101.90

Note: the unit of elastic modulus in the table is GPa, and the unit of water level is m.

Of the 5 factors finally determined above, 31 levels were selected for each factorTable 2 is designed for uniformity, and Table 3 shows the corresponding usage.

TABLE 2 Uniform design Table

TABLE 3,Using table

s	Column number	D
			2	1 4	0.0554
3	1 4 8	0.0908
			4	2 6 9 10	0.11
5	3 4 5 7 8	0.1431

Note: s is a factor and D represents the variation in the uniformity of the characterization.

And step four, according to the uniformly designed parameter combination number of each material, calculating and establishing a model sample by adopting different water levels.

Building a dam self-adaptive geometric analysis-finite element coupling three-dimensional numerical model for the dam with a complex boundary, taking the measuring points of the deformation mixed model to be built in the step 1 as nodes, and respectively calculating the conditions of the step three one by one according to the combination condition of mechanical parameters to obtain the water level variation range [ W [_{Lower part}，W_{On the upper part}]And outputting sequences of the deformation measuring points under different water levels to form a model building sample. (assuming that N material mechanical parameter combinations are obtained through uniform design in the third step, for each material parameter combination, sampling is carried out on the water level within the amplitude variation range, the sampling number is not less than 50, a measured value sequence of the measured point deformation and the water depth is obtained through numerical calculation every time, and not less than 50 samples are obtained through each load combination).

Establishing a deformation-water level fitting equation according to the water level-measuring point deformation sample;

and (3) dividing the sample into a training sample and a test sample, wherein the proportion of the training sample is 9/10, and the proportion of the test sample is 1/10 (the sample is used for establishing a deformation-water level fitting equation by a least square method in the front, and the sample 1/10 in the back is used for testing the generalization ability and the accuracy of the model, and the model which cannot meet the generalization ability and the accuracy needs to be established again).

The deformation factor selects the water depth of the current day and the previous 10 days to be 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 powers as factors, and the deformation-water level, y, is determined by least square stepwise regression_i＝f_i[H,h,(H)^j…](where H is the upstream water depth, H is the downstream water depth, and j is the power exponent).

The invention aims at the general mixed model building method of various dams, firstly, the dams are classified, dam materials are divided into two types of concrete (rock) materials and soil (rockfill), the former adopts a linear elastic constitutive model, and the latter adopts a nonlinear elastic (plastic) constitutive model. The former does not need to take into account the influence of stress paths, while the latter does.

Therefore, when the deformation-water level polynomial relation is adopted, the real-time synchronous water depth is adopted in the former, the real-time synchronous water depth is also considered in the latter, the water depth of the previous days is also considered, and the length of the lag time is determined by the correlation.

The former polynomial form is as follows:

the latter polynomial form is as follows:

wherein tau and omega are delay time of water depth change on deformation,the polynomial coefficient can be obtained by least squares, partial least squares, or robust estimation.

And step six, substituting the deformation-water level fitting equations of all the material combination numbers into the overall equation, and obtaining corresponding coefficients of the deformation-water level fitting equations by a chemical calculation method to form an overall mixed model of the deformation of the measuring points.

And (5) carrying out precision and generalization capability test on the stepwise regression model to obtain an optimal regression model. (the generalization ability and precision are expressed in terms of the error of predicting the deformation of the next sampling period based on the sampling period of the measured data to be within 1 time of the remaining standard deviation, which is acceptable)

Summing all regression modelsBy substituting Xf (H) in the formula (δ) ═ Xf (H) + f (T) + f (t), and othersThe temperature factor and the aging factor are determined using known methods.

The model parameter identification adopts a global optimization algorithm-a self-adaptive chaotic particle swarm algorithm. The method is simple to implement, few in parameters, has the characteristic of global optimization, introduces a fitness self-adaptive strategy, a directional disturbance mechanism, chaotic mapping and the like, and can obtain high-efficiency optimization efficiency and global optimal solution.

The particle swarm optimization is an intelligent optimization algorithm constructed according to the predation behaviors of the group birds, and has the advantages of simplicity in implementation, high convergence speed, good parallelism and the like. The core factors of the updated formula of the algorithm are two: particle current optimal solution P _bestAnd global optimal solution G_bestThe former is the best solution currently found by each particle, and the latter is the historical best solution of the whole population. The intelligent algorithm is easy to fall into local optimization, and the quality of the initial population directly determines the quality of an optimization result. Although the particle swarm algorithm has some random disturbance in the speed updating process, the effect is still not ideal. Chaotic systems are random irregular motions generated by non-linear deterministic systems. The chaos sequence generated by the chaos function has the characteristics of uncertainty, non-repeatability, unpredictability and the like. Therefore, the chaotic system is introduced into the optimization algorithm, so that the candidate solution set of the chaotic system has more diversity, and the local optimal solution is effectively avoided. There are many kinds of chaotic functions, such as a logistic function, an Ikeda function, a H non function, etc., and the item adopts the following chaotic sequence { u } as follows_k}：

y_k+1＝cos(2πμ_k)+y_ke^-3 (4)

μ_k+1＝(μ_k+400+12y_k+1)[mod(1)] (5)

Wherein k is a chaos index, y₀And u₀Is a random number between 0 and 1; y is₀And u₀Is an initial value, i.e. k is 0.

There are two common ways of embedding the chaotic sequence into the optimization algorithm: mapping a random position by using a chaotic sequence in a population initialization process; ② to make chaos randomization for candidate solution updating step lengthAnd (6) processing. In the second mode, r in the formula is updated for the group velocity and position of particles ₁And r₂Make chaotic mapping, i.e.

In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,andfrom a chaotic sequence { u_kThe random selection is carried out, and the random selection is carried out,for the velocity vector and position after the t iteration of the ith particle, c₁And c₂Is 2 constants having a value in the range of 1.5 to 2,for the best position of the ith particle after the t iteration,the optimal position after the t-th iteration for all particles.

In order to take account of the global space exploration capability in the early stage of the algorithm and the local development capability in the later stage, an inertia weight w is added into the formula (6)^tIs concretely provided with

In the formula, T_maxIs the maximum number of iterations, w_sAnd w_fRepresenting the initial and final weight values, respectively.

Formula (4) is rewritten as:

in summary, the flow steps of the Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) can be described as follows:

(1) randomly initializing a population and generating a chaotic sequence { u_k}；

(2) From a chaotic sequence { u_kRandomly select outAnd

(3) number of loop iterations

Updating the inertia weight value by using an equation (17);

a. evaluating the fitness of the particle swarm;

b. cycling each particle;

from a chaotic sequence { u_kUpdateAnd

updating the speed and the position of the particles through an equation (9) and an equation (7);

c. repeating the cycle until the population size of the particles;

(4) the iteration times are circulated until T is reached_max。

The process of performing parameter inversion by using the chaotic particle swarm optimization is shown in fig. 2.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.