阅读说明：本技术 一种青贮饲料二次发酵抑制剂 (Secondary fermentation inhibitor for silage ) 是由 屠焰 刁其玉 吴秋珏 陈京媛 郭江鹏 于 2021-01-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种能够抑制青贮饲料二次发酵,其含有甲酸、脱氢乙酸和丙酸,能够有效抑制青贮饲料中酵母菌和霉菌的增殖,显著提高青贮饲料的有氧稳定性,从而抑制开窖后的有氧发酵,减缓青贮饲料的发霉变质和营养物质损失,提高青贮饲料的营养水平和贮藏时间。本发明的抑制剂原料易得且成本较低,制备方法简单,能够显著抑制青贮饲料二次发酵,保护开窖后青贮饲料的品质,具有良好的规模化应用前景。(The invention provides a silage feed capable of inhibiting secondary fermentation, which contains formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid, can effectively inhibit the proliferation of saccharomycetes and mould in the silage feed, and obviously improves the aerobic stability of the silage feed, so that aerobic fermentation after opening a cellar is inhibited, the mildew deterioration and nutrient loss of the silage feed are slowed down, and the nutrient level and the storage time of the silage feed are improved. The inhibitor disclosed by the invention is easy to obtain raw materials, low in cost and simple in preparation method, can be used for obviously inhibiting secondary fermentation of silage, protects the quality of the silage after opening the pit, and has a good large-scale application prospect.)

1. An inhibitor for secondary fermentation of silage, which contains formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid.

2. The inhibitor according to claim 1, comprising 2 to 4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2 to 5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3 to 4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

3. The inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the effective component of the inhibitor consists of 2 to 4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2 to 5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3 to 4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

4. The inhibitor according to claim 1, comprising 4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3 parts by weight of propionic acid.

5. The inhibitor according to claim 1, comprising 3 parts by weight of formic acid, 5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

6. A process for the preparation of the inhibitor of any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises: mixing formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid according to a weight part ratio, then diluting in water according to a ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, and hermetically storing.

7. Use of an inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of silage.

8. A method of preparing silage using the inhibitor of any one of claims 1-5, comprising: and uniformly spraying the inhibitor on the surface of the silage raw material, uniformly mixing the materials, compacting, and hermetically storing.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that 40L of the inhibitor is sprayed per ton of the silage raw material.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to processing and storing of silage.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the proportion of meat, eggs and milk in the dietary structure is larger and larger, which promotes the rapid development of animal husbandry, wherein, the breeding of cattle and sheep needs a large amount of forage grass, and silage such as corn silage (whole plant corn silage, corn stalk silage and the like) has the characteristics of softness, juiciness, fragrance, good palatability, high raw material nutrition retention rate, less loss of carotene and protein, high digestibility and the like, and plays an important role in improving the production performance of cattle and sheep and the quality of livestock products.

However, secondary fermentation is a serious problem in practical applications of silage. The secondary fermentation is that aerobic microorganisms (mainly fungi and yeast) enter along with air in the taking process after the silage pit is opened, so that sugar, lactic acid, acetic acid, protein and amino acid in the silage are decomposed, a large amount of nutrient substances in the silage are lost, aerobic decay occurs, and a large amount of heat is generated. The sugar loss of the silage can be increased by 10-24% through secondary fermentation, toxins can be generated, and when the cattle and sheep eat the silage, the due effect cannot be achieved, and the production performance and the quality of milk and meat are reduced. Therefore, the prevention of secondary fermentation after opening the cellar for ensiling corn is gradually the focus and key point of research of people.

More research in the past has focused on the quality improvement of silage processing technology and production processes, and has resulted in many research efforts that have significant effects on improving silage quality. However, in actual production, after the silage is opened, the silage quality is protected and improved after the silage is opened, because the secondary fermentation causes the reduction of the nutrition level of the silage, thereby affecting the feed intake and the production performance of livestock. However, the research on the quality protection of the silage after opening the pit is not many at present, and an additive which has low cost and good effect and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application and can effectively protect the quality of the silage after opening the pit is urgently needed to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an additive capable of inhibiting secondary fermentation of silage so as to effectively protect the quality of the silage after opening a cellar.

The invention firstly provides a silage secondary fermentation inhibitor which contains formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid.

Preferably, the inhibitor contains 2-4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2-5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3-4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

More preferably, the effective components of the inhibitor consist of 2-4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2-5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3-4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

Preferably, the inhibitor contains 4 parts by weight of formic acid, 2 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 3 parts by weight of propionic acid.

Preferably, the inhibitor contains 3 parts by weight of formic acid, 5 parts by weight of dehydroacetic acid and 4 parts by weight of propionic acid.

Further, the present invention provides a preparation method of the inhibitor, which comprises: mixing formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid according to a weight part ratio, then diluting in water according to a ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, and hermetically storing.

The invention also provides application of the inhibitor in preparation of silage.

The invention further provides a method of preparing silage using the inhibitor, comprising: and uniformly spraying the inhibitor on the surface of the silage raw material, uniformly mixing the materials, compacting, and hermetically storing.

Preferably, 40L of the inhibitor is sprayed per ton of the silage raw material.

The silage provided by the invention comprises gramineous, leguminous and other crops and pasture silage, and is preferably corn silage.

The silage secondary fermentation inhibitor can effectively inhibit the proliferation of saccharomycetes and mould in silage, thereby inhibiting aerobic fermentation after opening a cellar and slowing down the mildewed deterioration and nutrient loss of the silage; meanwhile, the aerobic stability of the silage can be obviously improved, the aerobic stability time of the silage is prolonged, aerobic decay is reduced, nutrient substances in the silage are protected from being decomposed by spoilage bacteria, and the nutrient level and the storage time of the silage are improved.

The silage secondary fermentation inhibitor is reasonably prepared from formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid, is easy to obtain raw materials, low in cost and simple in preparation method, can remarkably inhibit secondary fermentation of silage, protects the quality of the silage after opening a cellar, and has a good large-scale application prospect.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLES 1-4 Secondary fermentation inhibitors and preparation thereof

The compositions of the secondary fermentation inhibitors of examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.

Taking various raw materials according to the weight part ratio shown in the table 1, uniformly mixing, diluting in water according to the ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, and hermetically storing to obtain the product.

Table 1 examples 1-4 product compositions

Experimental example Effect verification of Secondary fermentation inhibitor

1. Test materials

Ensiling whole corn: the test used a mixed, chopped whole silage corn from a dairy farm in luoyang, south-Henan, with a dry matter content of about 75%. Sampling from a silage pit, discarding a part with the pit opening being about l0cm thick, and sampling, wherein the sample is a corn silage raw material which is crushed to 1-2 cm by a crusher.

Acid: the 3 organic acids to be mixed (formic acid, dehydroacetic acid, propionic acid) are all over chemical pure with a purity of 99%.

2. Design of experiments

Formic acid, dehydroacetic acid and propionic acid were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 2 to form 25 products of different ratios, wherein example 1 was numbered 9, example 2 was numbered 24, example 3 was numbered 25 and example 4 was numbered 20. Number 1 is a control group, without any secondary fermentation inhibitor added. The formulation of each product was the same as in examples 1-4.

And (3) spraying each prepared product into the raw materials of the corn silage, spraying 40L of each ton of the silage, mixing uniformly, filling into a sealing bag, and storing at room temperature. Each product was set to 3 replicates.

TABLE 2 product ratio of each test treatment group

3. Index measurement

Samples were taken for analysis 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days after spraying the treatment groups.

(1) Measurement and detection of silage fermentation quality

Taking 25g of silage sample in a 250mL triangular flask with a plug, adding 225mL deionized water and a proper amount of 50% H₂SO₄Acidifying to pH<2, placing the mixture in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for leaching for 24 hours, shaking the mixture for a plurality of times, filtering the water extract by using rapid quantitative filter paper, and reserving the filtrate for testing.

Determination of lactic acid and acetic acid: lactic acid (1 actual acid, LA) and acetic acid (voltate fast acids, VFAs) were detected by Agilent 1260 HPLC system equipped with differential detector (Carbomix RH-NP5, 55 ℃, 2.5mmol H)₂SO₄，0.5ml/min)。

(2) Number of yeasts and molds

And (3) culturing microorganisms: under the aseptic condition, weighing 25g of fresh silage, putting the fresh silage into a triangular flask filled with 225ml of 0.85% sterile normal saline, shaking the silage in a shaking table for 30 minutes, and diluting the silage by 10 minutes¹～10⁴Taking 100 microliters of the liquid respectively to pour out the liquidAnd (4) uniformly coating on the culture medium. The yeast and mould are cultured in modified Martin culture medium and 0.1g/L chloramphenicol at 30 deg.C for 72 hr. The measurement of the microorganism was carried out by repeating 2 times, and the counting method used was a plate counting method, and the average of two times was taken after counting. The measurement unit is as follows: each gram of rhzomorph contained in the sample (CFU/g).

(3) Aerobic stability test samples are put into plastic sealing bags in a centralized manner, a plurality of small holes are pricked by toothpicks, and a loose and unsealed sterilization plastic bag is sleeved to prevent cross contamination and reduce water loss. And (5) sticking a label corresponding to the sampling time, and placing the label in a shade place for measuring the temperature. In the test, the plastic bags, thermometers, toothpicks and other appliances need to be sterilized by ultraviolet rays before use. All samples were stored at room temperature protected from light. The measurement was carried out by a temperature measurement method, and the temperature was measured at intervals of 4 hours from 6 o 'clock to 22 o' clock. The time required for the ensiling temperature to exceed the daily room temperature of 2c was calculated.

4. Data statistics

Simple data statistics were performed using Excel. SPSS 22.0 statistical software is used for carrying out variance analysis and Duncan's multiple comparison, and a repeated measurement variance analysis method is adopted to respectively analyze the results of acidifier treatment tests with different components.

5. Results

The results of the measurements are shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 test data for each treatment group

The data in the same column are marked with different letters to indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

As can be seen from Table 3, the inhibitors of examples 1-4 effectively reduced the amount of yeasts and molds in corn silage after opening the pit, and were beneficial to slow down the deterioration of corn silage due to mildew and loss of nutrients. The lactic acid content in the silage is also increased, the pH value of the silage is favorably reduced, the bacteriostatic effect of the acidifier is enhanced, and aerobic decay is reduced.

The inhibitors of examples 1 to 4 are particularly capable of significantly increasing the aerobic stability of silage, and can increase the aerobic stability of silage by a factor of 1.1 to 2.7. After the silage is opened, the temperature rises rapidly due to the proliferation and aerobic fermentation of the yeast and the mould. The ensiling temperature is determined after opening the pit, which is a recognized method for showing whether the quality is stable, and the slower the temperature rise is, the better the temperature rise is. The significant improvement in aerobic stability fully demonstrates that the inhibitor of the invention is effective in inhibiting secondary fermentation of silage.