阅读说明：本技术 汇流条载体的柔性肋 (Flexible rib of bus bar carrier ) 是由 马修·R·泰勒 克里斯托弗·M·博宁 约翰·P·丁克埃尔曼 理査德·M·德克斯特 戴尔·B· 于 2016-02-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开包括具有壳体的电池模块,壳体具有由壳体的壁限定并且被配置成使得电化学电池单元通过其中的电池单元容器区域。电池模块还包括密封在电池单元容器区域中的汇流条载体。汇流条载体包括周缘,所述周缘具有沿着至少周缘的大部分延伸并且被配置成使得壳体的壁与汇流条载体的周缘之间能够紧密接触的柔性肋。(The present disclosure includes a battery module having a housing with a cell receptacle region defined by a wall of the housing and configured to pass electrochemical cells therethrough. The battery module also includes a bus bar carrier sealed in the cell receptacle region. The bus bar carrier includes a peripheral edge having a flexible rib extending along at least a majority of the peripheral edge and configured to enable intimate contact between a wall of the housing and the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier.)

1. A battery module, comprising:

a housing defined by a plurality of walls connected together to define an interior, the interior forming a cell receptacle region, wherein the cell receptacle region is configured to enable a plurality of electrochemical cells to pass therethrough and into the interior of the housing; and

a bus bar carrier comprising a base surrounded by a perimeter, wherein the perimeter comprises a plurality of spaced apart upwardly extending flexible ribs, wherein upward extension is in a direction extending away from the interior of the housing; and is

Wherein the spaced upwardly extending flexible ribs engage the plurality of walls in the cell receptacle area such that one or more of the plurality of flexible ribs is bent inward toward the base by one or more of the plurality of walls in the cell receptacle area.

2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of flexible ribs comprises a plastic material.

3. The battery module of claim 1, comprising a plurality of bus bars disposed on the bus bar carrier and engaged with the plurality of electrochemical cells disposed in the housing.

4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the bus bar carrier comprises:

a top surface on which the plurality of bus bars are disposed; and

a plurality of openings adjacent to the plurality of bus bars such that engagement between the plurality of bus bars and a plurality of terminals of the plurality of electrochemical cells disposed in the housing is enabled.

5. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the bus bar carrier comprises:

a first opening through the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier, wherein the first opening is configured to enable a first bus bar to pass therethrough; and

a second opening through the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier, wherein the second opening is configured to enable a second bus bar to pass therethrough.

6. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of flexible ribs comprises a corresponding plurality of lateral portions, wherein the plurality of lateral portions extend at a non-right angle relative to the base of the bus bar carrier, and wherein the plurality of lateral portions are bent inward toward the base by the battery cell receptacle region.

7. The battery module of claim 6, comprising a plurality of extensions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs, wherein the plurality of extensions extend from the base of the bus bar carrier between the base and the plurality of lateral portions.

8. The battery module of claim 7, wherein the plurality of extensions are connected with the base to form a flat surface across the base and the plurality of extensions.

9. The battery module of claim 6, comprising a plurality of hinge regions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs, wherein the plurality of hinge regions enable the plurality of lateral portions of the plurality of flexible ribs to be bent inward toward the base by the battery cell receptacle region.

10. A bus bar carrier of a battery module, the bus bar carrier comprising:

a plurality of bus bars;

a base portion on which the plurality of bus bars are disposed; and

a perimeter extending around the base portion, wherein the perimeter includes a plurality of spaced apart upwardly extending flexible ribs, wherein upward extension is in a direction generally perpendicular to the base portion, the plurality of spaced apart upwardly extending flexible ribs being spaced apart around the perimeter and configured to engage a cell receptacle surface of a housing of the battery module such that the plurality of flexible ribs are bent inward toward the base portion by the cell receptacle surface.

11. The bus bar carrier of claim 10, wherein the plurality of flexible ribs comprises a plastic material.

12. The bus bar carrier of claim 11, wherein the base portion comprises the plastic material.

13. The bus bar carrier of claim 10, wherein the bus bar carrier comprises a plurality of openings configured to enable engagement between the plurality of bus bars and a plurality of terminals of a plurality of electrochemical cells in the housing of the battery module.

14. The bus bar carrier of claim 10, comprising:

a first opening through the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier, wherein the first opening is configured to enable a first bus bar to pass therethrough; and

a second opening through the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier, wherein the second opening is configured to enable a second bus bar to pass therethrough.

15. The bus bar carrier of claim 10, comprising a plurality of lateral portions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs, wherein the plurality of lateral portions extend at a non-right angle relative to the base portion of the bus bar carrier, and wherein the plurality of lateral portions are configured to engage with the cell receptacle surface of the housing of the battery module such that the plurality of lateral portions are bent inward toward the base portion by the cell receptacle surface.

16. The bus bar carrier of claim 15, comprising a plurality of extensions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs, wherein the plurality of extensions extend from the base portion of the bus bar carrier between the base portion and the plurality of lateral portions.

17. The bus bar carrier of claim 16, wherein the plurality of extensions and the base portion connect to form a planar surface spanning the base portion and the plurality of extensions.

18. The bus bar carrier of claim 15, comprising a plurality of hinge regions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs, and the plurality of hinge regions are configured to enable the plurality of lateral portions of the plurality of flexible ribs to be bent inward by the battery cell container surface toward the base portion of the bus bar carrier.

19. A bus bar carrier of a battery module, the bus bar carrier comprising:

a base portion configured to receive a plurality of bus bars of the battery module; and

a peripheral rim extending around the base portion, wherein the peripheral rim includes a plurality of upwardly extending flexible ribs spaced around the peripheral rim, wherein upward extension is in a direction generally perpendicular to the base portion, and wherein each rib of the plurality of flexible ribs includes a first portion extending from the base portion to form a flat surface across the first portion and the base portion, a lateral portion extending at a non-right angle relative to the first portion and the base portion, and a connection area between the first portion and the lateral portion that functions as a hinge about which the lateral portion is configured to be bent inward toward the base portion by a cell receptacle surface of a housing of the battery module.

20. A battery module (20) comprising:

a housing (30), the housing (30) having a cell receptacle region (38) defined by a wall (64) of the housing (30), wherein the cell receptacle region (38) is configured to enable a plurality of electrochemical cells (32) to pass therethrough and into the housing (30); and

a bus bar carrier (42), the bus bar carrier (42) comprising a base (70) surrounded by a peripheral edge (62), wherein the peripheral edge (62) comprises a plurality of flexible ribs (60) that engage the battery cell receptacle surface such that the plurality of flexible ribs (60) are bent inward toward the base (70) by the wall (64) of the housing (30).

21. The battery module (20) of claim 20 wherein the plurality of flexible ribs (60) comprise a plastic material.

22. The battery module (20) of claim 20 or 21, comprising a plurality of bus bars (44), the plurality of bus bars (44) disposed on the bus bar carrier (42) and configured to engage the plurality of electrochemical cells (32) disposed in the housing (30).

23. The battery module (20) of claim 22 wherein the bus bar carrier (42) comprises:

a top surface on which the plurality of bus bars (44) are disposed; and

a plurality of openings (84), the plurality of openings (84) adjacent to the plurality of bus bars (44) and configured to enable engagement between the plurality of bus bars (44) and a plurality of terminals (36) of the plurality of electrochemical cells (32) disposed in the housing (30).

24. The battery module (20) of claim 22 wherein the bus bar carrier (42) comprises:

a first opening through the peripheral edge (62) of the bus bar carrier (42), wherein the first opening is configured to enable a first bus bar to pass therethrough; and

a second opening through the peripheral edge (62) of the bus bar carrier (42), wherein the second opening is configured to enable a second bus bar to pass therethrough.

25. The battery module (20) of any of claims 20-24, wherein the plurality of flexible ribs (60) include a corresponding plurality of transverse portions (76), wherein the plurality of transverse portions (76) extend at a non-perpendicular angle (90) relative to the base (70) of the bus bar carrier (42), and wherein the plurality of transverse portions (76) are bent inward toward the base (70) by the wall (64) of the housing (30).

26. The battery module (20) of claim 25, including a plurality of extensions (74) corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs (60), wherein the plurality of extensions (74) extend from the base (70) of the bus bar carrier (42) between the base (70) and the plurality of lateral portions (76).

27. The battery module (20) of claim 26, wherein the plurality of extensions (74) are connected with the base (70) to form a flat surface across the base (70) and the plurality of extensions (74).

28. The battery module (20) of any of claims 25-27, comprising a plurality of hinge regions corresponding to the plurality of flexible ribs (60), wherein the plurality of hinge regions enable the plurality of lateral portions (76) of the plurality of flexible ribs (60) to be bent inward toward the base (70) by the wall (64) of the housing (30).

29. The battery module (20) of any of claims 20-28 wherein the plurality of flexible ribs (60) comprises two or more flexible ribs (60).

30. A method of manufacturing the battery module (20) of any of claims 20-29, comprising:

arranging a plurality of electrochemical cells (32) through a cell receptacle region (38) of a housing (30) of the battery module (20);

disposing a bus bar carrier (42) over the plurality of electrochemical cells (32) and into the cell receptacle area (38) of the housing (30), the bus bar carrier (42) including a base (70), the base (70) surrounded by a peripheral rim (62); and

engaging a plurality of flexible ribs (60) extending along the peripheral edge (62) of the bus bar carrier (42) with a wall (64) of the housing (30) defining the battery cell receptacle area (38) such that the plurality of flexible ribs (60) are bent inward by the wall (64) of the housing (30) toward the base (70).

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the wall (64) of the housing (30) is plastic, wherein the plurality of flexible ribs (60) is plastic.

32. The method of claim 30 or 31, further comprising:

welding each rib of the plurality of flexible ribs (60) extending along the peripheral edge (62) of the bus bar carrier (42) to the wall (64) of the housing (30), wherein the wall (64) of the housing (30) at least partially defines the cell receptacle area (38) of the housing (30),

wherein welding each rib of the plurality of flexible ribs (60) to the wall (64) of the housing (30) preferably comprises a plastic-to-plastic weld.

33. The method of any of claims 30 to 32, comprising disposing a plurality of bus bars (44) on the bus bar carrier (42) and electrically coupling the plurality of bus bars (44) with terminals (36) of the plurality of electrochemical cells (32).

34. The method of claim 33, including disposing a sensor on the bus bar carrier (42) configured to sense voltage, temperature, or both along one or both of the bus bar (44), the terminal (36), or both.

Background

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of batteries and battery modules. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to flexible ribs of a bus bar carrier and corresponding welding techniques for welding the bus bar carrier to a housing of a battery module.

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these descriptions should be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.

A vehicle that utilizes one or more battery systems to provide all or part of the motive power for the vehicle may be referred to as an xEV, where the term "xEV" is defined herein to include all of the following vehicles that use electricity as all or part of the vehicle motive power, or any variation or combination thereof. For example, xevs include Electric Vehicles (EVs) that utilize electric power as all of the motive power. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), also known as xevs, combine an internal combustion engine propulsion system and a battery-powered electric propulsion system (e.g., 48 volt or 130 volt systems). The term "HEV" may include any variation of a hybrid electric vehicle. For example, a full hybrid electric system (FHEV) may utilize one or more electric motors, an internal combustion engine alone, or both to provide motive and other electric power to a vehicle. In contrast, a mild hybrid electric system (MHEV) deactivates the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is idling, and utilizes a battery system to continue powering the air conditioning unit, radio, or other electronics, and to restart the engine when propulsion is required. Mild hybrid systems may also apply some degree of power assist during acceleration, for example, to supplement the internal combustion engine. Mild hybrid systems are typically 96V to 130V and recover braking energy through a belt or crank integrated starter generator. Additionally, micro-hybrid electric vehicles (mhevs) also employ a "start-stop" system similar to the mild hybrid system, but the micro-hybrid system of a mHEV may or may not provide power assist to the internal combustion engine and operate at a voltage below 60V. For the purposes of the present discussion, it should be noted that a mHEV generally does not technically use the electricity directly provided to the crankshaft or transmission as any part of the vehicle's motive power, but the mHEV can still be considered as an xEV because it does utilize electricity to supplement the vehicle's power requirements when the vehicle is idling with the internal combustion engine disabled and braking energy is recovered through the integrated starter-generator. Additionally, a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any vehicle that can be charged with an external power source (e.g., a wall outlet), and the energy stored in the rechargeable battery pack drives or helps drive the wheels. PEVs are a subclass of electric vehicle-converted EVs, including electric-only vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric and conventional internal combustion vehicles.

The xEV described above may have a number of advantages over more traditional gas-powered vehicles that use only an internal combustion engine and a traditional electrical system, which is typically a 12V system powered by a lead-acid battery. For example, xevs may produce fewer undesirable emissions, exhibit greater fuel efficiency, and in some cases, may eliminate the use of gasoline altogether, as may certain types of EVs or PEVs, as compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.

With the continuous development of technology, there is a need to provide improved power sources, particularly battery modules, for such vehicles. For example, in conventional configurations, a battery module may include electrochemical cells disposed in a housing through an opening in the housing. Conventional arrangements may also include a cover (e.g., carrier) disposed over the electrochemical cells and within the opening of the housing. It is now recognized that it is desirable to facilitate maintenance of a cover or similar feature in an opening of a housing and over an electrochemical cell.

Disclosure of Invention

The following sets forth a summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of certain embodiments, and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, the disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below.

The present disclosure relates to a battery module having a housing with a cell container (cell) region defined by a wall of the housing and configured to enable electrochemical cells to pass therethrough. The battery module also includes a bus bar carrier sealed in the cell receptacle region. The bus bar carrier comprises a peripheral edge (perimeter) having a flexible rib extending along at least a majority of the peripheral edge and configured to enable intimate contact between a wall of the housing and the peripheral edge of the bus bar carrier.

The present disclosure also relates to a battery module having a plastic housing with a cell receptacle opening, prismatic lithium ion (Li-ion) electrochemical cells disposed in the housing through the cell receptacle opening, and a bus bar configured to electrically interconnect the prismatic lithium ion (Li-ion) electrochemical cells. The battery module further includes a bus bar carrier on which a plurality of bus bars are disposed. A bus bar carrier is positioned over the prismatic lithium-ion electrochemical cell and within the cell container opening of the plastic housing. Furthermore, the bus bar carrier comprises a flexible rib extending along the plastic periphery of the bus bar carrier and configured to enable a close contact between the plastic periphery and the plastic housing. Furthermore, the plastic rim is welded to the plastic housing.

The present disclosure also relates to a method of manufacturing a battery module. The method includes disposing an electrochemical cell through a cell receptacle region of a housing of a battery module, disposing a bus bar carrier over the electrochemical cell and into the cell receptacle region of the housing, and welding a flexible rib extending along a perimeter of the bus bar carrier to a wall of the housing, wherein the wall of the housing at least partially defines the cell receptacle region of the housing.

Drawings

Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood by reading the following detailed description and by referring to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle having a battery system configured in accordance with the present embodiment for powering various components of the vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment of the vehicle and battery system of FIG. 1, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a battery module for the vehicle of FIG. 2, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a top partially assembled view of the battery module of fig. 3, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a portion of an embodiment of a bus bar carrier and housing for the battery module of fig. 3, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a detailed view of a portion of the bus bar carrier and housing of fig. 5, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a bus bar carrier for the battery module of fig. 3, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a front view of the bus bar carrier of fig. 7, according to one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a portion of the bus bar carrier of FIG. 8 taken along line 9-9 in FIG. 8, according to one aspect of the present disclosure; and

fig. 10 is a side view of the bus bar carrier of fig. 7, according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

The battery systems described herein may be used to provide power to various types of electric vehicles (xevs) and other high voltage energy storage/expansion applications (e.g., grid power storage systems). Such battery systems may include one or more battery modules, each having a plurality of battery cells (e.g., lithium-ion (Li-ion) electrochemical cells) arranged and electrically interconnected to provide a particular voltage and/or current for powering one or more components of, for example, an xEV. As another example, the battery module according to the present embodiment may be incorporated into or provide power to a stationary power system (e.g., a non-automotive system).

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a battery module may include a housing having a cell receptacle region (e.g., an opening) configured to enable electrochemical cells to pass therethrough such that the electrochemical cells may be positioned inside the housing. After the electrochemical cells are placed inside the housing, a carrier (e.g., a bus bar carrier, an electronics carrier, a cover) may be disposed over the electrochemical cells and within the cell receptacle area. The bus bar carrier can include a plurality of bus bars disposed thereon, wherein the bus bars enable electrical connection between terminals of the electrochemical cells. For example, each bus bar may span between a first terminal of a first electrochemical cell and a second terminal of a second electrochemical cell to provide an electrical pathway between the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the bus bar carrier may further comprise a sensor disposed thereon, wherein the sensor is configured to sense a voltage, a temperature, or both proximate to (or within) the one or more bus bars.

According to the present disclosure, a bus bar carrier may include a base (e.g., an aspect configured to hold a bus bar and/or sensor) and a perimeter extending around the base. The peripheral edge may include a plurality of flexible ribs disposed adjacent to one another that are configured to enable intimate contact between the bus bar carrier and a wall of the housing (e.g., where the wall at least partially defines a cell receptacle area of the housing) such that the bus bar carrier may be welded to the wall of the housing. For example, the dimensions of the housing and the dimensions of the bus bar carrier may only partially correspond to one another due to manufacturing imperfections (e.g., tolerances) and other factors described in detail below. In other words, the bus bar carrier may not fit perfectly in the cell container region.

However, each flexible rib is configured to flex to accommodate variable dimensions of the housing and/or the bus bar carrier. In other words, each flexible rib may be configured to move at least partially independently of the other flexible ribs such that each flexible rib flexes to its own extent to accommodate more precise assembly of the bus bar carrier within the cell receptacle area defined by the walls of the housing. The flexible ribs enable intimate contact between the bus bar carrier and the wall of the housing by facilitating more precise assembly. The intimate contact between the bus bar carrier and the wall of the housing facilitates improved welding of the bus bar carrier (e.g., of each flexible rib) to the wall of the housing. The bus bar carrier is at least partially fixed relative to the housing by welding the bus bar carrier to the housing along the flexible ribs. Furthermore, the weld seam is more able to handle thermal expansion of the various parts of the housing during operation of the battery module, since the intimate contact between the flexible rib and the wall of the housing enables a stronger, more elastic and more precise weld seam between the two. These and other features will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

To assist in this description, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a vehicle 10 that may utilize a regenerative braking system. Although the following discussion relates to vehicles having regenerative braking systems, the techniques described herein are applicable to other vehicles that may capture/store electrical energy using batteries, which may include electric and pneumatic vehicles.

As noted above, it may be desirable for the battery system 12 to be largely compatible with conventional vehicle designs. Thus, the battery system 12 may be placed in a location of the vehicle 10 that would accommodate a conventional battery system. For example, as shown, the vehicle 10 may include a battery system 12 that is positioned similarly to a lead-acid battery of a typical internal combustion engine vehicle (e.g., under the hood of the vehicle 10). Further, as will be described in greater detail below, the battery system 12 may be positioned to facilitate managing the temperature of the battery system 12. For example, in some embodiments, positioning the battery system 12 under the hood of the vehicle 10 may enable air ducts to direct airflow over the battery system 12 and cool the battery system 12.

A more detailed view of the battery system 12 is depicted in fig. 2. As shown, the battery system 12 includes an energy storage component 13 coupled to an ignition system 14, an alternator 15, a vehicle console 16, and optionally to an electric motor 17. Generally, the energy storage component 13 may capture/store electrical energy generated in the vehicle 10 and output the electrical energy to power electrical devices in the vehicle 10.

In other words, battery system 12 may provide power to components of a vehicle electrical system, where the components of the vehicle electrical system may include a radiator cooling fan, a climate control system, an electric steering system, an active suspension system, an automatic parking system, an electric oil pump, an electric super/turbocharger, an electric water pump, a heated windshield/defroster, a window lift motor, a decorative light, a tire pressure monitoring system, a sunroof motor controller, an electric seat, an alarm system, an infotainment system, a navigation feature, a lane departure warning system, an electric parking brake, exterior lights, or any combination thereof. Illustratively, in the depicted embodiment, the energy storage component 13 powers a vehicle console 16 and an ignition system 14, which ignition system 14 may be used to start (e.g., crank) an internal combustion engine 18.

Additionally, the energy storage component 13 may capture electrical energy generated by the alternator 15 and/or the electric motor 17. In some embodiments, the alternator 15 may generate electrical energy when the internal combustion engine 18 is running. More specifically, the alternator 15 may convert mechanical energy generated by rotation of the internal combustion engine 18 into electrical energy. Additionally or alternatively, when the vehicle 10 includes the electric motor 17, the electric motor 17 may generate electrical energy by converting mechanical energy generated by motion of the vehicle 10 (e.g., rotation of wheels) into electrical energy. Thus, in some embodiments, the energy storage component 13 may capture electrical energy generated by the alternator 15 and/or the electric motor 17 during regenerative braking. Accordingly, the alternator 15 and/or the electric motor 17 are generally referred to herein as a regenerative braking system.

To facilitate the capture and provision of electrical energy, the energy storage component 13 may be electrically coupled to the electrical system of the vehicle via a bus 19. For example, the bus 19 may enable the energy storage component 13 to receive electrical energy generated by the alternator 15 and/or the electric motor 17. Additionally, the bus 19 may enable the energy storage component 13 to output electrical energy to the ignition system 14 and/or the vehicle console 16. Thus, when a 12 volt battery system 12 is used, the bus 19 may carry power, typically between 8 and 18 volts.

Additionally, as shown, the energy storage component 13 may include a plurality of battery modules. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the energy storage component 13 includes a lithium-ion (e.g., first) battery module 20 and a lead-acid (e.g., second) battery module 22 according to the present embodiment, where each battery module 20,22 includes one or more battery cells. In other embodiments, the energy storage assembly 13 may include any number of battery modules. Further, although the lithium ion battery module 20 and the lead acid battery module 22 are depicted adjacent to each other, they may be positioned in different areas around the vehicle. For example, the lead-acid battery module 22 may be positioned in or around the vehicle 10, while the lithium-ion battery module 20 may be positioned under the hood of the vehicle 10.

In some embodiments, the energy storage component 13 may include multiple battery modules to take advantage of multiple different battery chemistries. For example, when using the lithium ion battery module 20, the performance of the battery system 12 may be improved because lithium ion battery chemistries typically have higher coulombic efficiencies and/or higher power charge acceptance rates (e.g., higher maximum charge currents or charge voltages) than lead acid battery chemistries. Thus, the capture, storage, and/or distribution efficiency of the battery system 12 may be improved.

To facilitate controlling the capture and storage of electrical energy, the battery system 12 may additionally include a control module 24. More specifically, the control module 24 may control the operation of components in the battery system 12, such as relays (e.g., switches) within the energy storage component 13, the alternator 15, and/or the electric motor 17. For example, control module 24 may regulate the amount of electrical energy captured/supplied by each battery module 20 or 22 (e.g., de-rate and re-rate battery system 12), perform load balancing between battery modules 20 and 22, determine a state of charge of each battery module 20 or 22, determine a temperature of each battery module 20 or 22, control a voltage output by alternator 15 and/or motor 17, and so forth.

Accordingly, the control unit 24 may include one or more processors 26 and one or more memories 28. More specifically, the one or more processors 26 may include one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), one or more general processors, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the one or more memories 28 may include volatile memory, such as Random Access Memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM), optical disk drives, hard disk drives, or solid state drives. In some embodiments, control unit 24 may comprise part of a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and/or a separate battery control module.

A top exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a battery module 20 for use in the vehicle 10 of fig. 2 is shown in fig. 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the battery module 20 (e.g., a lithium-ion [ Li-ion ] battery module) includes a housing 30 and an electrochemical cell 32 disposed within the housing 30. For example, the electrochemical cells 32 are received through the cell receptacle region 38 (e.g., opening) of the housing 30 and into the interior of the housing 30. In the illustrated embodiment, six prismatic lithium ion (Li-ion) electrochemical cells 32 are disposed in two stacks 34 within the housing 30, with three electrochemical cells 32 in each stack 34. However, in other embodiments, the battery module 20 may include any number of electrochemical cells 32 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, or more electrochemical cells), any type of electrochemical cells 32 (e.g., lithium-ion, lithium-polymer, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride, prismatic, and/or cylindrical), and any arrangement of electrochemical cells 32 (e.g., stacked, separated, or separated).

As shown, the electrochemical cell 32 may include a terminal 36 extending upward (e.g., along direction 37) from a terminal end 39 of the electrochemical cell 32. Thus, the terminals 36 may extend into the cell receptacle region 38 in an upper side 40 (e.g., upper end, upper surface) of the housing 30. For example, the electrochemical cells 32 may be inserted into the housing 30 through the cell receptacle region 38 in the upper side 40 and positioned within the housing 30 such that the terminals 36 of the electrochemical cells 32 are disposed in the cell receptacle region 38. A bus bar carrier 42 may be disposed in the cell receptacle region 38 and may hold a bus bar 44 disposed thereon, wherein the bus bar 44 is configured to engage the terminals 36 of the electrochemical cells 32. For example, the bus bars 44 may engage the terminals 36 to electrically couple adjacent electrochemical cells 32 together. According to embodiments, the bus bars 44 may couple the electrochemical cells 32 in series, in parallel, or couple some of the electrochemical cells 32 in series and some of the electrochemical cells 32 in parallel. Further, certain bus bars 44 may be configured to electrically couple the electrically interconnected set of electrochemical cells 32 with the main terminals 46 of the battery module 20, wherein the main terminals 46 are configured to be coupled to a load (e.g., a component of the vehicle 10) to power the load. The electrochemical cells 32 also include vents 49 disposed on the terminals 39 of the electrochemical cells 32 and configured to enable gas from within the electrochemical cells 32 to vent to the interior of the housing 30 under certain operating conditions (e.g., if the pressure within one or more individual electrochemical cells 32 exceeds the cell vent pressure threshold of the respective one or more individual electrochemical cells 32).

The housing 30 of the battery module 20 includes one or more covers configured to seal the housing 30. For example, the housing 30 may include side covers 50 that fit over the sides 52 of the housing 30, wherein the sides 52 of the housing 30 hold other electrical components such as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)52 and the battery module 20. The upper cover 54 may be disposed over the upper side 40 of the housing 30 (and over the bus bar carrier 42) to seal the upper side 40 of the housing 30. The upper cover 54 of the housing 30 may include a handle 56 embedded within the upper cover 54, the handle 56 being configured to facilitate transporting the battery module 20 from one location to another. Further, the upper cover 54 may include one or more chambers 58, the chambers 58 configured to at least partially define the vent path of the battery module 20. In addition, if the internal pressure within the housing 30 exceeds a vent pressure threshold of the battery module 20, the upper cover 54 may include a vent 59 of the vent path through which gas or fluid may be communicated.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the bus bar carrier 42 may be welded or otherwise coupled to the housing 30 to secure the bus bar carrier 42 inside the cell receptacle region 38 and over the electrochemical cells 32. Welding the bus bar carrier 42 to the housing 30 may facilitate resilient coupling of the bus bars 44 with the terminals 36 of the electrochemical cells 32. To facilitate welding, the bus bar carrier 42 may include flexible ribs 60 extending along a peripheral edge 62 of the bus bar carrier 42, each flexible rib 60 configured to bend independently of the other flexible ribs 60. Therefore, even in the case where the edge or wall of the housing 30 (e.g., the wall with which the flexible rib 60 contacts) is not straight, the flexible rib 60 as a single body enables close contact between the bus bar carrier 42 and the housing 30. For example, the portion of the housing 30 to which the flexible rib 60 is welded may be slightly curvilinear due to manufacturing tolerances and certain other factors. The flexible function of the flexible ribs 60 accommodates bending of the housing 30 to achieve improved contact between the bus bar carrier 42 and the housing 30 compared to embodiments without the flexible ribs 60.

Fig. 4 shows a partially assembled top view of the embodiment of the battery module 20 of fig. 3. As shown, the bus bar carrier 42 of the battery module 20 is disposed in the cell receptacle region 38 of the housing 30. The battery cell receptacle area 38 is at least partially defined by four walls 64 of the housing 30 that extend around the battery cell receptacle area 38. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the bus bar carrier 42 is welded to the four walls 64 as described below.

Due to manufacturing imperfections (e.g., tolerances), any of the four walls 64 to which the bus bar carrier 42 is welded may not be straight or may not correspond exactly to the bus bar carrier 42. Further, the width 66 and/or length 68 of the cell receptacle region 38 of each battery module 20 may vary slightly from one another. Thus, when the bus bar carrier 42 is disposed in the battery cell receptacle area 38 during manufacturing, the one or more flexible ribs 60 (e.g., the flexible ribs 60 extending upward (in direction 37) from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42 and along the peripheral edge 62 of the bus bar carrier 42) may flex as the one or more flexible ribs 60 contact the corresponding wall 64 of the housing 30. After the bus bar carrier 42 is inserted into the battery cell receptacle region 38, some of the flexible ribs 60 may bend to a greater degree than some other flexible ribs 60 due to the local geometry (e.g., bending) of one or more walls 64 of the housing 30. The flexible nature of the flexible ribs 60 enables improved contact between the bus bar carrier 42 and the wall 64 of the housing 30, thereby facilitating a more precise and resilient weld between the bus bar carrier 42 (e.g., the flexible ribs 60 of the bus bar carrier 42) and the wall 64 of the housing 30.

Further, during operation of the battery module 20, each flexible rib 60 may flex inward and/or outward to accommodate thermal expansion (e.g., movement) of a localized area of the housing 30 (e.g., the wall 64 of the housing 30) and/or the bus bar carrier 42. Thus, the force applied by thermal expansion is at least partially transferred to or absorbed by the bending or hinge region of the flexible rib 60 (e.g., the flexible rib 60 bends about it), rather than being fully applied to the weld between the flexible rib 60 and the wall 64 of the housing 30. The flexible nature of the flexible ribs 60 then enables the bus bar carrier 42 to be more resiliently coupled to the housing 30, which at least partially secures the bus bar carrier 42 relative to the housing 30 and improves the durability of the connection between the electrical components (e.g., the bus bars 44) on the bus bar carrier 42 and the terminals 36 of the electrochemical cells 32.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the bus bar carrier 42 having the flexible ribs 60 in a bent state (e.g., in response to bending of the wall 64 of the housing 30), and fig. 6 shows a detailed schematic view of a portion of the bus bar carrier 42 of fig. 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible ribs 60 extend upward (e.g., in direction 37) from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42. In particular, each flexible rib 60 extends from the base 70 along the perimeter 62 of the bus bar carrier 42. Further, adjacent flexible ribs 60 are separated from each other by spaces 72. In other words, each flexible rib 60 is coupled to the bus bar carrier 42 independently of the other flexible ribs 60. For example, as shown in fig. 6, each space 72 may extend through the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42. Thus, each flexible rib 60 in the illustrated embodiment is defined by a first portion 74 extending from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42 and parallel to a plane of the base 70 (e.g., along direction 109) and a second portion 76 extending substantially perpendicular to the first portion 74 (e.g., in direction 37). Thus, the first portion 74 (or the connection region between the first portion 74 and the second portion 76) may act as a bending region or hinge region of the flexible rib 60 about which the second portion 76 bends.

Focusing on fig. 5, the wall 64 of the exemplary housing 30 is curved along direction 107. The wall 64 may be curved or non-uniform in shape due to manufacturing defects, thermal expansion during operation of the battery module 20, or some other reason. The flexible ribs 60 extend upward (e.g., in direction 37) from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42 and engage the curved wall 64 of the housing 30. For example, the flexible ribs 60 flex to enable intimate contact between the bus bar carrier 42 and the wall 64 of the housing 30. It should be noted that the illustrated curvature may be exaggerated for clarity, i.e., the curvature of any wall 64 of the housing 30 or the bus bar carrier 42 itself may be in any direction or combination of directions (e.g., direction 37, direction 107, direction 109, or a combination thereof), and the flexible rib 60 may at least partially accommodate any curvature or non-uniform shape in any direction or combination of directions.

Turning now to fig. 7, a perspective view of an embodiment of a bus bar carrier 42 for the battery module 20 of fig. 3 is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible rib 60 extends along the peripheral edge 62 of the bus bar carrier 42 as described above and extends upward (e.g., in the direction 37) from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42. As shown, the bus bar carrier 42 is rectangular in shape having two long sides 80 and two short sides 82 (however, in another embodiment, the bus bar carrier 42 may comprise another shape, such as a square). Any number of flexible ribs 60 may extend along each of the long and short sides 80, 82 of the bus bar carrier 42. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, three flexible ribs 60 are disposed along each short side 82, but in other embodiments, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, or more flexible ribs 60 may be disposed along each short side 82. Further, any number of flexible ribs 60 may be disposed along the long sides 80 of the bus bar carrier 42 (e.g., 2-30 flexible ribs 60 or more flexible ribs may be disposed along each long side 80).

Further, the flexible ribs 60 may all comprise the same or similar size and/or shape, or the flexible ribs 60 may vary in size and/or shape. For example, as shown, many of the flexible ribs 60 correspond in shape and size, but some of the flexible ribs 60 are smaller and some of the flexible ribs 60 are larger. The size and shape of each flexible rib 60 may depend, at least in part, on the location of the flexible rib 60 relative to other components of the bus bar carrier 42. For example, as shown, the bus bar carrier 42 includes two openings 84 through the flexible ribs 60 to allow bus bars 86 to pass therethrough (e.g., bus bars 86 coupling the electrochemical cells with the main terminals of the battery module). Some of the flexible ribs 60 extending along the long side 80 of the bus bar carrier 42 having two openings 84 may be larger than other flexible ribs 60 extending along the peripheral edge 62 of the bus bar carrier 42 to accommodate the two openings 84.

A front view, a detailed view, and a side view of an embodiment of the bus bar carrier 42 are shown in fig. 8, 9, and 10, respectively, with fig. 9 being a detailed view taken along line 9-9 of fig. 8. As shown in fig. 9, the flexible ribs 60 may be angled outwardly at an angle 90 from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42. For example, the illustrated flexible rib 60 (e.g., disposed along the short side 82 of the bus bar carrier 42 in fig. 9) includes a first portion 74 extending from the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42 (e.g., along direction 107), a second portion 76 extending upward from the first portion 74, and a third portion 77 extending from the second portion 76 (e.g., where the third portion 77 extends substantially parallel to the first portion 74 along direction 107). As shown, the face 79 (e.g., a chamfer) of the second portion 76 of the flexible rib 60 is angled (e.g., slanted) at an angle 90 other than 90 degrees relative to the base 70 of the bus bar carrier 42. In other words, the angle 90 of the illustrated example is an acute angle. Thus, when the bus bar carrier 42 is inserted into the cell receptacle region of the housing, the flexible rib 60 may contact the wall of the housing, which causes the flexible rib 60 to rotate about the annular direction 110 and be pushed inward toward the base 70, thereby causing the angle 90 to increase (e.g., toward 90 degrees) and causing the force applied between the flexible rib 60 and the wall of the housing where the flexible rib 60 is welded to increase. In other words, by receiving the angle 90 for each flexible rib 60, the flexible rib 60 may more securely contact the wall of the housing. The secure (e.g., intimate) contact between the flexible rib 60 and the wall of the housing facilitates the ease, accuracy, and effectiveness of welding the rib 60 to the wall of the housing. In other words, the close contact between the flexible rib 60 and the wall of the housing enables a stronger, more resilient weld between the flexible rib 60 and the wall.

It should be noted that the flexible rib 60 along the long side 80 of the bus bar carrier 42 (e.g., as shown in fig. 8) also functions similarly to the flexible rib 60 along the short side 82 of the bus bar carrier 42 as shown in fig. 9 and described above (e.g., in that the flexible rib 60 along the long side 80 of the bus bar carrier 42 is also angled relative to the base 70 such that when the flexible rib 60 contacts the wall of the housing, the flexible rib 60 rotates and/or is pushed inward toward the base 70). Further, it should be noted that as shown in fig. 9, a face 81 of the flexible rib 60 opposite a face 79 (e.g., an outer surface) of the second portion 76 of the flexible rib 60 may extend along the direction 37 (e.g., at a 90 degree angle 83 between the face 81 and the base 70 or the first portion 74 of the flexible rib 60). However, in another embodiment, the face 81 may be angled (e.g., slanted) similar to the face 79 of the second portion 76.

Focusing now on fig. 10, each flexible rib 60 may further include a lip 92 (e.g., away from the peripheral edge 62 of the bus bar carrier 42) extending outwardly from the flexible rib 60 (e.g., in the direction 107 and the direction 109 depending on the sides 82,80 of the bus bar carrier 42). The lip 92 contacts an edge of the housing (e.g., on the upper surface 40 of the housing 30 in fig. 3) to help retain the bus bar carrier 42 in a particular position within the cell receptacle area of the housing. The lip 92 may generally be a portion of the third portion 77 of the flexible rib 60 extending from the second portion 76 of the flexible rib 60 (as shown in fig. 9).

One or more of the disclosed embodiments may provide, alone or in combination, one or more technical effects for manufacturing battery modules and portions of battery modules. In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to battery modules having a housing and a bus bar carrier having flexible ribs (e.g., fingers) configured to be able to position and retain the bus bar carrier within a region of the housing (e.g., a cell receptacle region or opening). The flexible rib flexes in response to a force exerted on the flexible rib by a wall of the housing when the bus bar carrier is placed within the battery cell receptacle area. The flexible ribs enable intimate contact between the bus bar carrier and the wall of the housing, partially compensating for the curvature of the wall of the housing and/or manufacturing imperfections (e.g., tolerances). The close contact between the bus bar carrier and the wall of the housing, which can be achieved by the flexible ribs, improves the welding of the bus bar carrier to the wall of the housing. For example, intimate contact facilitates ease of welding, and facilitates strength or resiliency of the weld. Further, after welding the flexible ribs to the walls of the housing, the flexible ribs may bend in response to thermal expansion or other factors during operation of the battery module. For example, as the walls of the housing thermally expand, the flexible ribs may flex to compensate for movement of the walls of the housing, thereby reducing undesirable forces that would otherwise be more fully exerted on the weld itself. Thus, the flexible ribs may increase the life of the weld between the bus bar carrier and the wall of the housing. The technical effects and technical problems in the specification are exemplary rather than limiting. It should be noted that the embodiments described in the specification may have other technical effects and may solve other technical problems.

Although only certain features and embodiments have been illustrated and described, many modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperatures and pressures, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the disclosed subject matter. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Moreover, in an effort to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.