阅读说明：本技术 表面含有超硬耐磨颗粒的高耐磨截齿的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-wear-resistance cutting pick with surface containing superhard wear-resistant particles ) 是由 于盛旺 郑可 高洁 黑鸿君 吴艳霞 周兵 马永 王永胜 于 2021-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明为一种表面含有超硬耐磨颗粒的高耐磨截齿的制备方法,解决了现有截齿耐磨性能不足、强化处理成本高及工艺复杂等问题。本发明截齿包括齿体和硬质合金头,硬质合金头焊接固定在齿体齿头顶端的中心处,齿头的外壁上自上而下1/3至2/3高度的部分设置有硬质冶金层。制备时先制备齿体毛坯并预处理,然后在齿头上涂有机粘结剂,并喷洒金刚石耐磨颗粒或金刚石颗粒与陶瓷颗粒以及金属合金粉末,接着进行真空加热使之熔合,最后再焊接硬质合金头并置于淬火液中去除应力即可。本发明截齿设计科学、结构合理,制备方法简单易行,截齿成本增加较少,耐磨性能高,使用寿命可提升3倍以上。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance cutting pick with superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface, which solves the problems of insufficient wear-resistant performance, high strengthening treatment cost, complex process and the like of the existing cutting pick. The cutting pick comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head, wherein the hard alloy head is fixedly welded at the center of the top end of the pick body, and a hard metallurgical layer is arranged on the outer wall of the pick head from top to bottom at the height of 1/3-2/3. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing and pretreating a gear body blank, then coating an organic binder on a gear head, spraying diamond wear-resistant particles or diamond particles and ceramic particles and metal alloy powder, then carrying out vacuum heating to fuse the diamond wear-resistant particles or the diamond particles and the ceramic particles, and finally welding a hard alloy head and placing the hard alloy head in quenching liquid to remove stress. The cutting pick has the advantages of scientific design, reasonable structure, simple and easy preparation method, less increase of cutting pick cost, high wear resistance and service life which can be improved by more than 3 times.)

1. A preparation method of a high-wear-resistance cutting pick with the surface containing superhard wear-resistant particles is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cutting pick comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head; the tooth body comprises a tooth handle, a tooth root and a tooth head which are integrally formed from bottom to top, the hard alloy head is welded and fixed at the center of the top end of the tooth head, and the hard alloy head, the tooth root and the tooth handle are positioned on the same axis; the outer wall of the tooth head is provided with a hard metallurgical layer from top to bottom at the height of 1/3-2/3, and the hard metallurgical layer is prepared from diamond wear-resistant particles and metal alloy powder or is prepared from mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and the metal alloy powder;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: primary processing: blanking and forging the tooth body, machining to obtain an outline, and carrying out oil removal and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a tooth body blank;

b: powder fixation: coating a mechanical binder on the surface of the tooth head, spraying diamond wear-resistant particles and metal alloy powder or mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and metal alloy powder on the surface uniformly in sequence, standing for 5-30min, and waiting for the binder to be solidified;

c: high-temperature fusion: putting the tooth body in vacuum heating equipment, heating to fuse diamond wear-resistant particles or mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and metal alloy powder with a tooth head, and forming a hard metallurgical layer containing wear-resistant particles on the tooth head after furnace cooling;

d: welding and post-processing the hard alloy head: and opening a welding blind hole at the top of the pick head, sequentially filling a welding flux, placing the hard alloy head, brazing the hard alloy head and the pick head together through rapid heating, then placing the formed pick in quenching liquid, quenching by using welding waste heat, and finally tempering the pick to remove stress.

2. The method for manufacturing a high-wear-resistance cutting pick with the surface containing the superhard wear-resistant particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tooth handle and the tooth root are cylindrical, the tooth head is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the tooth root is larger than that of the tooth handle and that of the big circular surface of the tooth head, and the tooth head and the tooth root are in arc transition.

3. The method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant cutting pick having superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the outer exposed height of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles in the hard metallurgical layer is 1/2-1/5 of the length of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles.

4. The method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant cutting pick having superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles have the granularity of 30-120 meshes, and the ceramic particles are c-BN and Al₂O₃、SiC、SI₃N₄One or more than one of the metal alloy powder or the metal alloy powder in any proportion is NiCr alloy powder.

5. The method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant cutting pick having superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step C of the preparation method, the heat preservation temperature of vacuum heating is 950-.

6. The method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant cutting pick having superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step B of the preparation method, the volume ratio of the diamond wear-resistant particles or the mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles to the metal alloy powder is 2:1-1: 10.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of excavating tools, in particular to a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance cutting pick with a surface containing superhard wear-resistant particles.

Background

The cutting pick is a mining tool, can be matched with a coal mining machine, a heading machine and the like for use, becomes a quick-wear part with the largest replacement amount in the actual operation of the coal mining machine and the heading machine due to the complex and severe working environment, and is widely applied at present and mainly comprises an alloy steel tooth body and a brazed hard alloy cutting pick head, wherein the cutting pick head is welded at one end of the tooth body. When cutting coal rocks and tunneling roadways, the cutting teeth are easy to have abrasion failure of the hard alloy cutting tooth head and the tooth body, falling off of the hard alloy cutting tooth head, tipping, tooth body fracture and the like under complicated working conditions, so that the number of the cutting teeth consumed by each ten thousand tons of coal is high, the production cost is increased, and the production efficiency of a coal mining machine and a tunneling machine is directly influenced. Wherein the pick body is not wear resistant and can also cause premature removal of a carbide pick head secured to the end of the pick shank. According to the statistical results of a plurality of coal mines, the abrasion failure is the most main failure mode of the cutting tooth and accounts for 75% -90% of the failure modes. At present, the wear resistance of a tooth body is mainly improved through a surfacing technology, a surfacing welding wire is generally a Cr-Mo-W-Ti alloy or a Cr-Mo-W-V alloy, a formed surfacing welding layer is generally martensite plus carbide, or a surfacing wear-resistant layer is prepared by cladding WC particles through a Ni60 alloy, but the hardness of the whole wear-resistant protective layer is still low and is basically between 52 and 64HRC, and the improvement on the wear resistance of a cutting tooth is not obvious. Therefore, the wear-resisting property of the cutting tooth is further improved by adopting a simple processing mode, and the cutting tooth cutting device has very important significance for saving cost, improving production efficiency (the cutting tooth replacement can cause the reduction of the production efficiency) and even improving economic benefit.

Diamond is the hardest material in nature, cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a superhard material second to diamond, and the materials such as diamond and cBN are used for wear resistance protection of the cutting pick, so that the wear resistance of the cutting pick is greatly improved. The Chinese invention patent CN200810230597.3 discloses a diamond impregnated cutting pick and a preparation process thereof, wherein the cutting pick consists of a pick body, a pick head and a wing piece positioned on the pick head, and the pick head is made of one or two materials of a diamond mixed material and tungsten carbide; the fin is made of one of diamond mixed materials, cubic boron nitride, tungsten carbide or hard alloy materials, the fin and the tooth head are integrally hot-pressed and formed, the fin and the tooth head are connected with the tooth body, and then correction and post-treatment are carried out.

The Chinese patent invention CN200920062976.6 discloses a cutting pick, which comprises a cutting pick handle and a cutting pick head connected with the end part of the cutting pick handle, wherein more than one gauge protection tooth is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting end of the cutting pick handle and the cutting pick head. The cutting pick head consists of hard alloy and a polycrystalline diamond layer compounded on the hard alloy, and a transition layer is arranged between the hard alloy and the polycrystalline diamond layer, wherein the transition layer is a diamond-cobalt gradient transition layer, or a diamond-cBN gradient transition layer, or a diamond-tungsten carbide-cobalt gradient transition layer. The gauge teeth are diamond-hard alloy composite spherical teeth, or diamond-hard alloy flat-head teeth, or hard alloy teeth, or the combination of the above teeth. The novel cutting pick also has the problem of complex preparation process, and in addition, no technical scheme is provided for how the gauge protection teeth are connected to the cutting pick head.

The Chinese patent CN200810030935.9 discloses a method for manufacturing a diamond composite pick head and the diamond composite pick head, the whole pick head adopts hard alloy, the pick head part adopts a cubic press to press the mixture of diamond and metal at high temperature to form a layer of polycrystalline diamond to improve the wear resistance, special equipment, dies and post-treatment are needed, the cost of the pick is increased too much, in addition, the hard alloy is used as a pick body, the shock resistance is poor, the working condition requirement of coal mining or tunneling can not be met, and the performance of the hard alloy and the pressed diamond can be reduced in the high-temperature pressing process.

Generally, the existing method improves the wear resistance of the cutting pick by increasing the content of hard alloy in a pick body and preparing a diamond wear-resistant layer on a cutting pick head, but the content of the two materials can greatly improve the cost of the cutting pick and reduce the shock resistance of the cutting pick, and in addition, the manufacturing process is complex. Therefore, the invention aims to adopt a simple processing mode to apply the materials such as diamond, cBN and the like to the wear-resistant protection of the cutting pick, further improve the wear-resistant performance of the cutting pick, save the cost and improve the production efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for preparing a high-wear-resistance cutting pick with superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance cutting pick containing superhard wear-resistant particles on the surface comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head; the tooth body comprises a tooth handle, a tooth root and a tooth head which are integrally formed from bottom to top, the hard alloy head is welded and fixed at the center of the top end of the tooth head, and the hard alloy head, the tooth root and the tooth handle are positioned on the same axis; the outer wall of the tooth head is provided with a hard metallurgical layer from top to bottom at the height of 1/3-2/3, and the hard metallurgical layer is prepared from diamond wear-resistant particles and metal alloy powder or is prepared from mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and the metal alloy powder;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: primary processing: blanking and forging the tooth body, machining to obtain an outline, and carrying out oil removal and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a tooth body blank;

b: powder fixation: coating a mechanical binder on the surface of the tooth head, spraying diamond wear-resistant particles and metal alloy powder or mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and metal alloy powder on the surface uniformly in sequence, standing for 5-30min, and waiting for the binder to be solidified;

c: high-temperature fusion: putting the tooth body in vacuum heating equipment, heating to fuse diamond wear-resistant particles or mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and ceramic particles and metal alloy powder with a tooth head, and forming a hard metallurgical layer containing wear-resistant particles on the tooth head after furnace cooling;

d: welding and post-processing the hard alloy head: and opening a welding blind hole at the top of the pick head, sequentially filling a welding flux, placing the hard alloy head, brazing the hard alloy head and the pick head together through rapid heating, then placing the formed pick in quenching liquid, quenching by using welding waste heat, and finally tempering the pick to remove stress.

Furthermore, in the pick body of the cutting pick, the tooth handle and the tooth root are cylindrical, the pick head is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the tooth root is larger than that of the tooth handle and that of the big circular surface of the pick head, and the tooth head and the tooth root are in arc transition.

Furthermore, the outer exposed height of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles in the hard metallurgical layer is 1/2-1/5 of the length of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles.

Further, the particle size of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles is 30-120 meshes, and the ceramic particles are c-BN and Al₂O₃、SiC、SI₃N₄One or more than one of the metal alloy powder or the metal alloy powder in any proportion is NiCr alloy powder.

Further, in the step C of the preparation method, the heat preservation temperature of vacuum heating is 950-.

Furthermore, in the step B of the preparation method, the volume ratio of the diamond wear-resistant particles or the mixed particles of the diamond wear-resistant particles and the ceramic particles to the metal alloy powder is 2:1-1: 5.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) compared with the prior art, the wear-resisting performance of the cutting pick is improved by cladding the hard metallurgical layer containing the diamond wear-resisting particles or the mixed particles of the diamond wear-resisting particles and the ceramic particles at the part 1/3-2/3 close to the top of the cutting pick head, the wear-resisting layer can effectively provide effective protection for the cutting pick body of the cutting pick, and simultaneously the phenomenon that the hard alloy head falls off due to insufficient wear resistance of the cutting pick body is improved, the technical scheme is simple and easy to implement, the cost of the cutting pick is increased slightly, and the service life of the cutting pick can be prolonged by more than 3 times. 2) The tooth body still adopts the original steel with better impact resistance, and the subsequent heat treatment is needed after the tooth body is welded with the hard alloy originally. The welding step of the hard alloy head is positioned after the high-temperature fusion step, so that the influence of high-temperature treatment on the hard alloy can be effectively reduced. 3) The diamond, cBN and other superhard particles are discretely distributed in the Ni-Cr alloy layer after high-temperature melting, the hard metallurgical layer can effectively resist the impact force in the coal mining or tunneling process, the effect better than that of polycrystalline diamond is achieved, in addition, the diamond wear-resistant particles are exposed on the surface layer of the hard metallurgical layer, the sharpness of the cutting pick can be increased, and the working efficiency of the cutting pick is improved. 4) The optimal solution of the comprehensive performance of the cutting pick can be realized by adjusting the proportion between the superhard particles such as diamond and ceramic particles and the metal alloy powder, so that the cutting pick is beneficial to chip removal, the wear resistance is fully exerted, and meanwhile, the diamond is controlled strongly, and certain impact resistance is ensured.

The cutting pick has the advantages of scientific design and reasonable structure, the technical scheme of the preparation method is simple and feasible, the cost of the cutting pick is increased a little, and the service life can be prolonged by more than 3 times.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a cutting pick of embodiment 1 of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cutting pick of embodiment 1 of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting pick of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of cutting picks of embodiments 2 and 3 of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cutting pick of embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-hard alloy head, 2-tooth handle, 3-tooth root, 4-tooth head, 5-hard metallurgical layer, 6-diamond wear-resistant particle and 7-ceramic particle.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a more complete and complete description of the present invention is provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1

A method for preparing a high-abrasion-resistance cutting pick containing superhard abrasion-resistant particles on the surface, the structure of the cutting pick is shown in figures 1 and 2, and the cutting pick comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head 1; the tooth body includes from bottom to top integrated into one piece's tooth handle 2, tooth root 3 and tooth head 4, and tooth handle 2 and tooth root 3 are the cylinder type, and tooth head 4 is the round platform type, and the diameter of tooth root 3 is greater than the diameter of tooth handle 2 and the diameter of the big disc of tooth head 4, and the big disc end of tooth head 4 is connected with tooth root 3 and adopts the circular arc between the two excessive. The outer wall of the tooth head 4 is coated with a hard metallurgical layer 5 from top to bottom at 1/3, the hard metallurgical layer 5 is prepared by mixing diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and metal alloy powder, the particle size of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 is 80 meshes, the metal alloy powder is NiCr alloy powder, and the height of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 exposed out of the hard metallurgical layer 5 is 1/5 of the length of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6. The center department on 4 tops of tooth head has seted up the welding blind hole, and the welding of carbide head 1 is fixed in the welding blind hole, and carbide head 1 all is located the same axis with tooth head 4, tooth root 3 and tooth handle 1.

The preparation process is schematically shown in fig. 3, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: primary processing: blanking and forging the tooth body, machining to obtain an outline, and carrying out oil removal and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a tooth body blank;

b: powder fixation: coating a mechanical binder on the surface of the tooth head 4, uniformly spraying diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and metal alloy powder on the surface in sequence, standing for 18min, and waiting for the binder to be solidified; wherein the volume ratio of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 to the metal alloy powder is 1: 1;

c: high-temperature fusion: putting the tooth body into vacuum heating equipment, heating to fuse the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the metal alloy powder with the tooth head 4, wherein the vacuum heating heat preservation temperature is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, and after cooling along with a furnace, forming a hard metallurgical layer 5 containing the wear-resistant particles on the tooth head 4;

d: welding and post-processing the hard alloy head 1: and (3) forming a welding blind hole in the top of the pick head 4, sequentially filling a welding flux, placing the hard alloy head 1, brazing the hard alloy head 1 and the pick head 4 together by rapid heating, then placing the formed pick in quenching liquid, quenching by using welding waste heat, and finally tempering the pick to remove stress.

Example 2

A method for preparing a high-abrasion-resistance cutting pick containing superhard abrasion-resistant particles on the surface, the structure of the cutting pick is shown in figures 4 and 5, and the cutting pick comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head 1; the tooth body includes from bottom to top integrated into one piece's tooth handle 2, tooth root 3 and tooth head 4, and tooth handle 2 and tooth root 3 are the cylinder type, and tooth head 4 is the round platform type, and the diameter of tooth root 3 is greater than the diameter of tooth handle 2 and the diameter of the big disc of tooth head 4, and the big disc end of tooth head 4 is connected with tooth root 3 and adopts the circular arc between the two excessive. The outer wall of the tooth head 4 is partially coated with a hard metallurgical layer 5 from top to bottom at 2/3, the hard metallurgical layer 5 is prepared by mixing diamond wear-resistant particles 6, ceramic particles 7 and metal alloy powder, the particle sizes of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 are 30 meshes, the ceramic particles 7 are c-BN, the metal alloy powder is NiCr alloy powder, and the heights of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 exposed out of the hard metallurgical layer 5 are 1/2 of the respective lengths. The center department on 4 tops of tooth head has seted up the welding blind hole, and the first welded fastening of carbide is in the welding inslot, and carbide 1 all is located the same axis with tooth head 4, tooth root 3 and tooth handle 2.

The preparation process is schematically shown in fig. 3, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: primary processing: blanking and forging the tooth body, machining to obtain an outline, and carrying out oil removal and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a tooth body blank;

b: powder fixation: coating a mechanical binder on the surface of the tooth head 4, uniformly spraying diamond wear-resistant particles 6, ceramic particles 7 and metal alloy powder on the surface in sequence, and standing for 5min until the binder is cured; wherein the volume ratio of the whole of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 to the metal alloy powder is 2: 1;

c: high-temperature fusion: putting the tooth body into vacuum heating equipment, heating to fuse the diamond wear-resistant particles 6, the ceramic particles 7 and the metal alloy powder with the tooth head 4, wherein the vacuum heating is carried out at the heat preservation temperature of 1100 ℃ for 12min, and after furnace cooling, a hard metallurgical layer 5 containing the wear-resistant particles is formed on the tooth head 4;

d: welding and post-processing the hard alloy head 1: and (3) forming a welding blind hole in the top of the pick head 4, sequentially filling a welding flux, placing the hard alloy head 1, brazing the hard alloy head 1 and the pick head 4 together by rapid heating, then placing the formed pick in quenching liquid, quenching by using welding waste heat, and finally tempering the pick to remove stress.

Example 3

A method for preparing a high-abrasion-resistance cutting pick containing superhard abrasion-resistant particles on the surface, the structure of the cutting pick is shown in figures 4 and 5, and the cutting pick comprises a pick body and a hard alloy head 1; the tooth body includes from bottom to top integrated into one piece's tooth handle 2, tooth root 3 and tooth head 4, and tooth handle 2 and tooth root 3 are the cylinder type, and tooth head 4 is the round platform type, and the diameter of tooth root 3 is greater than the diameter of tooth handle 2 and the diameter of the big disc of tooth head 4, and the big disc end of tooth head 4 is connected with tooth root 3 and adopts the circular arc between the two excessive. The outer wall of the tooth head 4 is clad with a hard metallurgical layer 5 from top to bottom at 1/2 heights, the hard metallurgical layer 5 is prepared by mixing diamond wear-resistant particles 6, ceramic particles 7 and metal alloy powder, the particle sizes of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 are 120 meshes, the ceramic particles 7 are SiC, the metal alloy powder is NiCr alloy powder, and the heights of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 exposed out of the hard metallurgical layer 5 are 2/5 of the respective lengths. The center department on 4 tops of tooth head has seted up the welding blind hole, and the first welded fastening of carbide is in the welding inslot, and carbide 1 all is located the same axis with tooth head 4, tooth root 3 and tooth handle 2.

The preparation process is schematically shown in fig. 3, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: primary processing: blanking and forging the tooth body, machining to obtain an outline, and carrying out oil removal and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a tooth body blank;

b: powder fixation: coating a mechanical binder on the surface of the tooth head 4, uniformly spraying diamond wear-resistant particles 6, ceramic particles 7 and metal alloy powder on the surface in sequence, and standing for 30min until the binder is cured; wherein the volume ratio of the whole of the diamond wear-resistant particles 6 and the ceramic particles 7 to the metal alloy powder is 1: 10;

c: high-temperature fusion: putting the tooth body into vacuum heating equipment, heating to fuse the diamond wear-resistant particles 6, the ceramic particles 7 and the metal alloy powder with the tooth head 4, wherein the vacuum heating is carried out at the heat preservation temperature of 1050 ℃ for 3min, and after furnace cooling, a hard metallurgical layer 5 containing the wear-resistant particles is formed on the tooth head 4;

d: welding and post-processing the hard alloy head 1: and (3) forming a welding blind hole in the top of the pick head 4, sequentially filling a welding flux, placing the hard alloy head 1, brazing the hard alloy head 1 and the pick head 4 together by rapid heating, then placing the formed pick in quenching liquid, quenching by using welding waste heat, and finally tempering the pick to remove stress.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described above, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.