阅读说明：本技术 采用对称结构响应信号分析的无基准导波损伤监测方法 (Non-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis ) 是由 王晶 王璇 张春艳 吕黎 于 2020-11-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种采用对称结构响应信号分析的无基准导波损伤监测方法,在板结构件上对称布置PZT压电阵列,阵列中的任意两个PZT压电元件分别作为激励器和传感器而组成一条监测路径；获得滤波后的结构响应信号,对滤波后的信号进行包络提取,定位响应信号中的各波包中心点位置；计算当前响应信号中第一个相似度低于阈值的波包中心点时刻,记录为当前响应信号的损伤散射信号到达时间；交换另一组响应信号为计算基准,记录该响应信号的损伤散射信号到达时间；获得所有对称路径下的损伤散射信号到达时刻,并计算出损伤位置。本发明不需事先采集健康状态下的结构响应信号作为基准,消除了对基准信号的依赖,降低了时变条件引起的监测误差,具有实用意义。(The invention discloses a no-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis, which comprises the steps of symmetrically arranging PZT piezoelectric arrays on a plate structural member, and forming a monitoring path by respectively using any two PZT piezoelectric elements in the arrays as an exciter and a sensor; obtaining a filtered structural response signal, carrying out envelope extraction on the filtered signal, and positioning the center point position of each wave packet in the response signal; calculating the time of a wave packet central point with the first similarity lower than a threshold value in the current response signal, and recording the time as the arrival time of the damage scattering signal of the current response signal; exchanging another group of response signals as a calculation reference, and recording the arrival time of the damage scattering signals of the response signals; and obtaining the arrival time of the damage scattering signals under all the symmetrical paths, and calculating the damage position. The invention does not need to collect the structural response signal in the healthy state in advance as the reference, eliminates the dependence on the reference signal, reduces the monitoring error caused by time-varying conditions and has practical significance.)

1. A no-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) symmetrically arranging PZT piezoelectric arrays on the plate structural member according to equal propagation distance, wherein any two PZT piezoelectric elements in the arrays are respectively used as an exciter and a sensor to form a monitoring path;

(2) selecting any two monitoring paths M1 and M2 with the same propagation path and conditions under the excitation of the same exciter, exciting a narrowband guided wave structure response signal mainly in a single mode in a plate structure, sensing and acquiring the structure response under the two monitoring paths, filtering the acquired structure response signal, eliminating direct current bias and high-frequency noise signals, and obtaining filtered structure response signals R1 and R2;

(3) envelope extraction is carried out on the filtered signals, and the position P of the central point of each wave packet in two groups of structural response signals R1 and R2 is calculated and positioned;

(4) for two groups of signals R1 and R2, the R2 response signal is taken as a calculation reference, the wave packet similarity of the two groups of signals is compared one by taking a set pulse width as a window at the position of the positioned wave packet central point, the time of the wave packet central point of which the first similarity in the R1 response signal is lower than a threshold value is calculated and recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the R1 response signal₁(ii) a The R1 response signal is used as a calculation reference for exchange, the signal comparison process is repeated, the time of the wave packet central point with the first similarity lower than the threshold in the R2 response signal is obtained and recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the R2 response signal₂；

(5) Repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain the arrival time t of the damage scattering signals under all the symmetrical paths_iI 1,2,3, …, according to t_iAnd calculating to obtain the position of the damage.

2. The method for monitoring damage without reference guided wave by using symmetrical structural response signal analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation signals in step (2) are all narrow-band signals.

3. The method for monitoring damage without reference guided wave by adopting symmetrical structural response signal analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) is realized by the following steps:

envelope extraction is carried out on the signal by a Hilbert transform method, and then the signal is processedAccording to the derivative zero crossing point condition of the envelope, obtaining the time of each wave packet peak value, namely the central position P of each wave packet, and aiming at the signal envelopeThe center position P of each wave packet is:

wherein, T_jFor enveloping a signalAnd sign () is a sign function at the central point position moment of the jth wave packet, and is used for function zero-crossing detection.

4. The method for monitoring damage without reference guided wave by using symmetrical structural response signal analysis of claim 1, wherein the wave packet similarity of step (4) is calculated by using Pearson's correlation coefficient method and by using the method of comparing the difference between signals.

5. The method for monitoring damage without reference guided wave by using symmetrical structural response signal analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) is implemented as follows:

establishing a corresponding equation of the signal propagation time and the damage position according to the propagation time of the signal along the exciter-damage-sensor, and taking the coordinate as (x)_i，y_i) And the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal sensed by the sensor_iAn equation for the lesion location (x, y) can be obtainedAnd (4) solving a plurality of equations in series, namely calculating to obtain the damage position, wherein v is the guided wave velocity.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a no-reference online damage monitoring method adopting an engineering structure, in particular to a no-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis.

Background

The ultrasonic guided wave structure damage monitoring method is always a hotspot for structural health monitoring research and application, and has the advantages of long propagation/monitoring distance and sensitivity to small damage. In recent years, the research of the technical method has been developed and advanced, and the research results have great success in the aspects of lesion location, imaging, evaluation and the like. On the other hand, the guided wave is a special ultrasonic wave, and the propagation process of the guided wave has certain specificity, namely multimode characteristic and dispersion characteristic. These special propagation characteristics have limited the development of guided wave damage monitoring studies and applications to some extent. The former is that signals of multiple modes exist in a response signal at the same time, which causes difficulty in target feature extraction, and the latter is that the propagation speeds of signals of different modes and different frequencies are different, especially under broadband signal excitation, understanding of the signals is very difficult, which brings new problems to signal analysis and processing. In order to alleviate the above problems, in most of the researches, narrow-band excitation is generally adopted to reduce the influence of the dispersion effect, and meanwhile, the change of the structural response signals before and after the damage is analyzed and contrasted by adopting a reference signal mode, so that the damage is distinguished and positioned. However, due to differences in conditions such as monitoring environment, working conditions, load, etc., such a monitoring method using reference signals faces new problems in an application process, for example, temperature differences may cause changes in structural response signals, thereby affecting accuracy of monitoring results, and even causing erroneous judgment.

The existing no-reference guided wave structure damage monitoring mainly starts from two modes of sensing and signal processing, such as self-sensing technology and binary excitation sensing, only reflection or scattering signals exist in response signals, and damage information can be further obtained because the damage is also a scattering source; the idea of the damage factor method based on time reversal focusing is that a typical non-reference damage monitoring method is that a monitoring signal propagation nonlinear effect caused by damage causes time reversal focusing reconstruction difference, and then the damage occurrence conditions of a monitoring channel and the vicinity of the monitoring channel are obtained. The method realizes guided-wave reference-free damage monitoring to a certain extent, but has certain limitation, for example, in the self-sensing technology, damage is used as one of scattering sources, signal scattering and reflection caused by the damage are weak and difficult to extract; the method based on the time reversal focusing damage factor is only sensitive to a monitoring channel, so certain limitation can be met in the application.

Based on the existing guided wave damage monitoring method based on the piezoelectric array, the invention starts from the process of guided wave propagation of a plate structure, realizes non-reference structure damage monitoring by using the difference of symmetrical response signals caused by damage according to the action mechanism of the damage on signal propagation, and provides a new thought for the health monitoring development and application of the guided wave structure.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a non-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis, which finds and positions a scattered signal wave packet caused by damage and a central time point position thereof, and realizes the positioning of the damage based on the positioned central point position of the scattered signal wave packet of the damage, thereby realizing the non-reference damage monitoring and positioning method and eliminating the dependency on a reference response signal.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a non-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis, which comprises the following steps:

(1) symmetrically arranging PZT piezoelectric arrays on the plate structural member according to equal propagation distance, wherein any two PZT piezoelectric elements in the arrays are respectively used as an exciter and a sensor to form a monitoring path;

(2) selecting any two monitoring paths M1 and M2 with the same propagation path and conditions under the excitation of the same exciter, exciting a narrowband guided wave structure response signal mainly in a single mode in a plate structure, sensing and acquiring the structure response under the two monitoring paths, filtering the acquired structure response signal, eliminating direct current bias and high-frequency noise signals, and obtaining filtered structure response signals R1 and R2;

(3) envelope extraction is carried out on the filtered signals, and the position P of the central point of each wave packet in two groups of structural response signals R1 and R2 is calculated and positioned;

(4) for two groups of signals R1 and R2, the R2 response signal is taken as a calculation reference, the wave packet similarity of the two groups of signals is compared one by taking a set pulse width as a window at the position of the positioned wave packet central point, the time of the wave packet central point of which the first similarity in the R1 response signal is lower than a threshold value is calculated and recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the R1 response signal₁(ii) a The R1 response signal is used as a calculation reference for exchange, the signal comparison process is repeated, the time of the wave packet central point with the first similarity lower than the threshold in the R2 response signal is obtained and recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the R2 response signal₂；

(5) Repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain the arrival time t of the damage scattering signals under all the symmetrical paths_iI 1,2,3, …, according to t_iAnd calculating to obtain the position of the damage.

Further, the excitation signals in the step (2) are all narrow-band signals.

Further, the step (3) is realized as follows:

envelope extraction is carried out on the signal by a Hilbert transform method, the time of each wave packet peak value, namely the central position P of each wave packet, is obtained according to the derivative zero crossing point condition of the envelope, and the envelope of the signal is subjected toThe center position P of each wave packet is:

wherein, T_jFor enveloping a signalAnd sign () is a sign function at the central point position moment of the jth wave packet, and is used for function zero-crossing detection.

Further, the wave packet similarity in the step (4) is obtained by calculating through a difference comparison method between signals by using a pearson correlation coefficient method.

Further, the step (5) is realized as follows:

establishing a corresponding equation of the signal propagation time and the damage position according to the propagation time of the signal along the exciter-damage-sensor, and taking the coordinate as (x)_i，y_i) And the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal sensed by the sensor_iAn equation for the lesion location (x, y) can be obtainedAnd solving a plurality of equations in series, and calculating to obtain the damage position.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention does not depend on the structural response signal measured in the structural health state or in the early stage as the reference, thereby eliminating the interference caused by time-varying conditions and the like on the damage monitoring based on the reference response signal; 2. the method can be realized by utilizing the existing hardware system without changing or increasing equipment and parameters in the realization process; 3. the method is simple, and compared with the existing method, only structural response signals with symmetrical monitoring channels in the current state need to be measured, and damage information can be obtained through pairwise comparison.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a layout of an experimental test piece and a symmetrically arranged piezoelectric actuator/sensor array according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a waveform time domain diagram of a narrowband excitation signal in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a time domain waveform diagram of two sets of structural response signals under two symmetrical paths selected in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the envelope time domain waveforms of two groups of structural response signals and the positions of the wave packet center points thereof under a symmetrical path selected in the present invention;

fig. 5 is a graph showing the calculated wave packet similarity of the signal fd12 relative to the signal fd14 in two sets of response signals under the symmetrical path selected in the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows the calculation result of the wave packet similarity of the signal fd14 with respect to the signal fd12 in two sets of response signals under the symmetrical path selected in the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a no-reference guided wave damage monitoring method adopting symmetrical structure response signal analysis, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, symmetrically arranging PZT piezoelectric arrays on a plate structural member according to equal propagation distances, wherein any two PZT piezoelectric elements in the arrays are respectively used as an exciter and a sensor to form a monitoring path.

In this example, a T6061 aluminum plate was used as the experimental structure, with dimensions of 600mm by 6 mm. In order to simplify conditions, 4 piezoelectric patches are designed to form a square array and are arranged in the middle, the boundary of each piezoelectric patch, which is closest to the piezoelectric patch, is 200mm, the center of the plate structure is taken as the origin of coordinates, and the coordinates of each piezoelectric patch are respectively as follows: 1# (100mm ), 2# (-100mm, 100mm), 3# (-100mm ), 4# (100mm, -100mm), as shown in FIG. 1. In the embodiment, a mass block is pasted to simulate the occurrence of damage, and the center coordinates are (50mm,10 mm).

And 2, selecting any two monitoring paths M1 and M2 with the same propagation path and conditions under the excitation of the same exciter, exciting a narrowband guided wave structure response signal mainly in a single mode in a plate structure, sensing and collecting the structure responses under the two monitoring paths, filtering the collected structure response signal, eliminating direct current bias and high-frequency noise signals, and obtaining filtered structure response signals R1 and R2.

The method comprises the steps of selecting 2# and 4# piezoelectric patches for sensing under the excitation of the same exciter 1# piezoelectric patch, and two monitoring paths M12 and M14 with the same propagation path and conditions, exciting a narrowband guided wave structure response signal mainly in a single mode in a structure, collecting structure responses under the two monitoring paths by sensing, filtering the collected structure response signal, eliminating direct current bias and high-frequency noise signals, and obtaining filtered structure response signals fd12 and fd 14.

Cosine modulation five-period sine signals shown in fig. 2 are adopted as excitation signals, the excitation signals are loaded on the piezoelectric exciter 1 after being output and amplified by the power amplifier, meanwhile, output signals of the piezoelectric sensors 2 and 4 which are output and amplified by the charge amplifier are collected, band-pass filtering is carried out according to the bandwidth range of the excitation signals, direct current bias and high-frequency noise are eliminated, and finally, structural response signals fd12 and fd14 are obtained, as shown in fig. 3. In order to excite the guided wave response signal mainly in a single mode, experimental measurement shows that when the center frequency of an excitation signal is 225kHz, the excited guided wave structural response is mainly in an S0 mode, and the complexity of the signal is simplified.

And 3, carrying out envelope extraction on the filtered signals, and calculating and positioning the position P of the central point of each wave packet in the two groups of structural response signals R1 and R2.

First, the signals fd12 and fd14 are envelope extracted by the hilbert transform method, as shown in fig. 4. The time of each wave packet peak is obtained according to the derivative zero crossing condition of the envelope, in particular to the signal envelopeThe center position P of each wave packet is:

wherein T is_jFor enveloping a signalAnd sign () is a sign function at the central point position moment of the jth wave packet, and is used for function zero-crossing detection.

And 4, for the R1 and R2 two groups of signals, taking the R2 response signal as a calculation reference, comparing the wave packet similarities of the two groups of signals one by one at the position of the positioned wave packet central point by taking a set pulse width as a window, calculating to obtain the time of the wave packet central point with the first similarity lower than a threshold value in the R1 response signal, and recording the time as the wave packet central point in the R1 response signalTime of arrival t of the scattered signal of the lesion₁(ii) a The R1 response signal is used as a calculation reference for exchange, the signal comparison process is repeated, the time of the wave packet central point with the first similarity lower than the threshold in the R2 response signal is obtained and recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the R2 response signal₂。

For two sets of signals fd12 and fd14, firstly, taking the fd14 response signal as a calculation reference, and taking the set pulse width as a window at the center point of the located wave packet, comparing the wave packet similarities of the two sets of signals one by one, as shown in fig. 5, calculating to obtain that the first similarity in the fd12 response signal is lower than the threshold, the wave packet is the 3 rd wave packet of the response signal, in the embodiment of the invention, the first similarity is set to 0.7, and the time 0.0997ms of the wave packet center point is recorded as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the fd12 response signal₁(ii) a And exchanging and repeating the signal comparison process by taking the fd12 response signal as a calculation reference, as shown in fig. 6, obtaining the 2 nd wave packet as the first wave packet with the similarity lower than the threshold in the fd14 response signal, and recording the central point time of 0.0958ms as the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal in the fd14 response signal₂。

In the calculation of the signal similarity, a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) method is used for similarity calculation in the embodiment of the present invention, and the algorithm is widely regarded as an effective method for comparing the difference between signals, and for the signal x after the direct current amount is filtered out₁(t) and x₂(t), the basic principle of similarity r calculation for two sets of signals is as follows:

because of slight difference of the arrangement positions of the sensors, wave packets in the symmetrical response signals are not strictly aligned, one of the two groups of response signals is strictly used as a reference signal, and wave packet similarity calculation is carried out according to the central points of the extracted wave packets, so that certain deviation is easily brought.

Step 5, repeating the steps 2 to 4 to obtain the arrival time t of the damage scattering signals under all the symmetrical paths_iI 1,2,3, …, according to t_iAnd calculating to obtain the position of the damage.

Establishing a corresponding equation of the signal propagation time and the damage position according to the propagation time of the signal along the exciter-damage-sensor, and taking the coordinate as (x)_i，y_i) And the arrival time t of the damage scattering signal sensed by the sensor_iThe equation for the lesion location (x, y) can be obtained:

and v is the wave velocity of guided waves, and a plurality of equations are solved in series, so that the damage position can be obtained through calculation.

According to the arrival time of the damage wave packet obtained by two groups of signals of fd12 and fd14, on the premise of knowing the wave velocity and the starting moment of the excitation signal, the signal propagation time and distance equation related to the damage coordinate can be directly listed, the damage monitoring result can be calculated by solving the equation to be (31mm,22mm), and the error from the real damage center point is (-19mm, 12 mm). Repeating the above process, exciting the 3# piezoelectric sheet, and judging that the occurrence time of the center point of the damage wave packet in the two groups of response signals is 0.1056ms and 0.1075ms respectively by the structural response signals obtained by sensing the 2# and 4# piezoelectric sheets through the same data processing process, so that the calculated damage monitoring result is (29mm,26mm), and the error is (-21mm,16 mm). Within the error allowable range, the non-reference monitoring and positioning of the damage are realized.