阅读说明：本技术 一种医疗废弃物无害化炼油加工工艺 (Harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes ) 是由 蒋显友 于 2020-07-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种医疗废弃物无害化炼油加工工艺,包括以下步骤：步骤一,废物运输；步骤二,废物暂存；步骤三,废物进料；步骤四,排灰；步骤五,烟气冷却；步骤六,烟气净化；其中在上述步骤一中,将收集的医疗废物统一放置在周转箱中,且周转箱箱体采用聚乙烯注射而成,随后采用陆运的方式对放置在周转箱内部的医疗废物进行运输；该发明,利用在对医疗废弃物进行转运的过程中采用周转箱进行转运,使医疗废弃物处于密闭的环境中进行转运,避免了细菌外溢导致环境受到污染,同时降低了细菌感染的风险,从而提高了安全性能,且在对医疗废弃物进行处理的过程中产生的燃料油和炭黑,有利于医疗废弃物的循环利用。(The invention discloses a harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes, which comprises the following steps: step one, waste transportation; step two, temporarily storing waste; step three, feeding waste; step four, ash is discharged; step five, cooling the flue gas; step six, purifying the flue gas; in the first step, the collected medical wastes are uniformly placed in a turnover box, the box body of the turnover box is formed by polyethylene injection, and then the medical wastes placed in the turnover box are transported in a land transportation mode; according to the invention, the turnover box is adopted for transferring the medical wastes in the transferring process, so that the medical wastes are transferred in a closed environment, the environment pollution caused by bacterial overflow is avoided, and the risk of bacterial infection is reduced, so that the safety performance is improved, and the fuel oil and carbon black generated in the treating process of the medical wastes are beneficial to recycling of the medical wastes.)

1. A harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes comprises the following steps: step one, waste transportation; step two, temporarily storing waste; step three, feeding waste; step four, ash is discharged; step five, cooling the flue gas; step six, purifying the flue gas; the method is characterized in that:

in the first step, the collected medical wastes are uniformly placed in a turnover box, the box body of the turnover box is formed by polyethylene injection, and then the medical wastes placed in the turnover box are transported in a land transportation mode;

in the second step, the turnover boxes transported in the first step are uniformly placed in a waste temporary storage, then medical wastes in the turnover boxes are added into a pyrolysis furnace one by one for pyrolysis treatment, material macromolecules in the medical wastes are firstly subjected to thermal decomposition at the temperature of 200-700 ℃ to become volatile micromolecule products and pyrolytic coke, fuel oil and carbon black are produced through cooling and condensation, uncondensed fuel gas enters a high-temperature chamber for combustion, and a heat source is provided for pyrolysis; if the pyrolysis treatment cannot be carried out immediately, the wastes are unloaded to a refrigerator for storage, odor enters a pyrolysis furnace through an exhaust pipeline, a combustion-supporting device in the pyrolysis furnace mainly comprises an oil tank, an oil pump and a burner, a filter is arranged between the oil pump and the burner, fuel oil is pressurized by the oil pump of the burner and then sprayed into a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber to be mixed with primary air blown by a fan of the burner, and the whole processes of ignition, combustion and burnout are completed;

in the third step, a standard waste bag or a standard waste box is added into a feeding intermediate bin of the pyrolysis furnace, a bin door is closed, a feeding screw is opened, a heating valve is opened to raise the temperature of the intermediate bin, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and is kept for 5 minutes before the next feeding, and then the feeding is carried out again after cold air cooling;

in the fourth step, the incineration ash generated by pyrolyzing the wastes in the second step and the third step falls onto an ash discharge valve after intermittent action of a lower furnace grate of the high-temperature furnace, the ash discharge valve is periodically opened, the pyrolysis ash is discharged into a closed container and then buried, the material and the production process of the container are consistent with those of a turnover box, and the whole operation process is carried out under closed and negative pressure;

in the fifth step, the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a water cooler, an air cooler and a water spray quenching tower, a sedimentation ash collecting chamber is arranged at the lower part of the second combustion chamber, ash cleaning ports are arranged on the water cooler and the air cooler, and water used by the water cooler and the water spray quenching tower is softened by a cooling water pump, a water storage tank and a water cooling tower;

and in the sixth step, the flue gas cooled in the fifth step is passed through a high-temperature bag filter, then is discharged into the atmospheric environment through a wet electric dust collector through a chimney with the height of 25m through a desulfurizing tower, an absorption liquid circulating device used in the desulfurizing tower consists of an alkali preparation tank, an alkali supply pump, an alkali liquor circulating pump, an alkali discharge pump, an alkali liquor cooling tower and the like, the pipeline materials used by the absorption liquid circulating device are all ABS pipeline materials, and the alkali supply pump, the alkali liquor circulating pump and the alkali discharge pump all adopt FS102 type engineering plastic centrifugal pumps.

2. The harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the box cover of the turnover box is formed by injecting a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, the box body and the box cover of the turnover box are provided with sealing grooves, the surface is smooth and flat, no crack loss exists, no obvious dent exists, no burrs exist at the edge and the end, the box bottom and the top are provided with matching tooth grooves, and the specification of the turnover box is 600mm x 500mm x 800 mm.

3. The harmless oil refining process of medical waste of claim 1800, wherein: in the second step, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 700-900 ℃, the residence time of the flue gas is 2-5 s, and O in the flue gas₂The concentration is 6-10%, and the concentration of CO in the flue gas is 10-26 mg/m³The thermal ignition loss rate of the pyrolysis ash is 1-2.76%, the combustion efficiency is 99.93-100%, the pressure of the furnace bottom is-200 to-400 Pa, and the total flow of the flue gas is 3800-4100 m³The addition rate is 210-550 kg/h.

4. The harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the storage temperature of the refrigerator is-5 ℃ to 0 ℃, the floor and the wall of the refrigerator are subjected to waterproof treatment below 1.5m, the floor of the refrigerator is provided with a sewage collecting hole and is not provided with a window, and the refrigerator adopts a micro-negative pressure design.

5. The harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the negative pressure of the flue gas passing through the water cooler, the air cooler and the water spray quenching tower is 0-3 kPa, 0-4 kPa and 0-5 kPa respectively.

6. The harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the operation temperature of the high-temperature bag filter is 160-200 ℃, the pressure difference is 1500-1600 Pa, and the back-flushing pressure is 0.02-0.03 MPa.

7. The harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the temperature of the water in the alkali preparation tank is 30-35 ℃, and the concentration of the used NaOH is 5-10%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical waste processing, in particular to a harmless oil refining processing technology for medical waste.

Background

The medical waste is solid waste generated in the medical activities and research processes of diagnosis, assay, treatment, disease prevention and the like, is special dangerous waste containing harmful substances such as germs, viruses and the like, mainly comprises disposable medical supplies, gauze, cotton balls, plastics, glass and the like, wherein the combustible content is 72-97 percent, the ash content is 3-28 percent, the calorific value of the waste is 4250 kj/kg-7185 kj/kg, and the volume weight of the waste is about 0.36t/m³。

Medical wastes are greatly different from common domestic wastes, the medical wastes refer to polluting wastes generated by hospitals when contacting blood, flesh and the like of patients, the medical wastes have the characteristics of space pollution, acute infection, latent pollution and the like, the harmfulness of viruses and germs is dozens, hundreds or even thousands of times of that of the common domestic wastes, if the medical wastes are not properly treated, the medical wastes are likely to become epidemic sources, most hospitals in China continue to treat the medical wastes by using the conventional small-sized incinerator, and the infectious medical wastes and the common medical wastes are not classified and mixed, because the traditional incinerator type design cannot adapt to the characteristics of large heat value and component change of the medical wastes, the high-temperature combustion of the medical wastes is not thorough, the pollutants with the potential hazards reenter the environment, and not only the dangerous substances cannot be thoroughly treated, but also brings more serious secondary pollution to the environment and human health, so that the design of a harmless oil refining processing technology of medical wastes is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes comprises the following steps: step one, waste transportation; step two, temporarily storing waste; step three, feeding waste; step four, ash is discharged; step five, cooling the flue gas; step six, purifying the flue gas;

in the first step, the collected medical wastes are uniformly placed in a turnover box, the box body of the turnover box is formed by polyethylene injection, and then the medical wastes placed in the turnover box are transported in a land transportation mode;

in the second step, the turnover boxes transported in the first step are uniformly placed in a waste temporary storage, then medical wastes in the turnover boxes are added into a pyrolysis furnace one by one for pyrolysis treatment, material macromolecules in the medical wastes are firstly subjected to thermal decomposition at the temperature of 200-700 ℃ to become volatile micromolecule products and pyrolytic coke, fuel oil and carbon black are produced through cooling and condensation, uncondensed fuel gas enters a high-temperature chamber for combustion, and a heat source is provided for pyrolysis; if the pyrolysis treatment cannot be carried out immediately, the wastes are unloaded to a refrigerator for storage, odor enters a pyrolysis furnace through an exhaust pipeline, a combustion-supporting device in the pyrolysis furnace mainly comprises an oil tank, an oil pump and a burner, a filter is arranged between the oil pump and the burner, fuel oil is pressurized by the oil pump of the burner and then sprayed into a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber to be mixed with primary air blown by a fan of the burner, and the whole processes of ignition, combustion and burnout are completed;

in the third step, a standard waste bag or a standard waste box is added into a feeding intermediate bin of the pyrolysis furnace, a bin door is closed, a feeding screw is opened, a heating valve is opened to raise the temperature of the intermediate bin, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and is kept for 5 minutes before the next feeding, and then the feeding is carried out again after cold air cooling;

in the fourth step, the incineration ash generated by pyrolyzing the wastes in the second step and the third step falls onto an ash discharge valve after intermittent action of a lower furnace grate of the high-temperature furnace, the ash discharge valve is periodically opened, the pyrolysis ash is discharged into a closed container and then buried, the material and the production process of the container are consistent with those of a turnover box, and the whole operation process is carried out under closed and negative pressure;

in the fifth step, the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a water cooler, an air cooler and a water spray quenching tower, a sedimentation ash collecting chamber is arranged at the lower part of the second combustion chamber, ash cleaning ports are arranged on the water cooler and the air cooler, and water used by the water cooler and the water spray quenching tower is softened by a cooling water pump, a water storage tank and a water cooling tower;

and in the sixth step, the flue gas cooled in the fifth step is passed through a high-temperature bag filter, then is discharged into the atmospheric environment through a wet electric dust collector through a chimney with the height of 25m through a desulfurizing tower, an absorption liquid circulating device used in the desulfurizing tower consists of an alkali preparation tank, an alkali supply pump, an alkali liquor circulating pump, an alkali discharge pump, an alkali liquor cooling tower and the like, the pipeline materials used by the absorption liquid circulating device are all ABS pipeline materials, and the alkali supply pump, the alkali liquor circulating pump and the alkali discharge pump all adopt FS102 type engineering plastic centrifugal pumps.

According to the technical scheme, in the first step, the box cover of the turnover box is formed by injecting a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, the box body and the box cover of the turnover box are provided with sealing grooves, the surface is smooth and flat, no crack is generated, no obvious dent is generated, no burr is generated on the edge and the end hand, the box bottom and the top are provided with matching tooth grooves, and the specification of the turnover box is 600mm 500mm 800 mm.

According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 700-900 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is 2-5 s, and O in the flue gas₂The concentration is 6-10%, and the concentration of CO in the flue gas is 10-26 mg/m³The thermal ignition loss rate of the pyrolysis ash is 1-2.76%, the combustion efficiency is 99.93-100%, the pressure of the furnace bottom is-200 to-400 Pa, and the total flow of the flue gas is 3800-4100 m³The addition rate is 210-550 kg/h.

According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the storage temperature of the refrigerator is-5-0 ℃, the floor and the wall of the refrigerator are subjected to waterproof treatment below 1.5m, the floor of the refrigerator is provided with a sewage collecting hole and is not provided with a window, and the refrigerator adopts a micro-negative pressure design.

According to the technical scheme, in the fifth step, the negative pressure of the flue gas passing through the water cooler, the air cooler and the water spray quenching tower is 0-3 kPa, 0-4 kPa and 0-5 kPa respectively.

According to the technical scheme, in the sixth step, the operating temperature of the high-temperature bag filter is 160-200 ℃, the pressure difference is 1500-1600 Pa, and the back-blowing pressure is 0.02-0.03 MPa.

According to the technical scheme, in the sixth step, the temperature of the water in the alkali preparation tank is 30-35 ℃, and the concentration of the used NaOH is 5-10%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: this harmless oil refining processing technology of medical discarded object, the utilization is being transported to the in-process that medical discarded object transported adoption turnover case, make medical discarded object transport in inclosed environment, it leads to the environment to receive the pollution to have avoided the bacterium excessive, the risk of bacterial infection has been reduced simultaneously, thereby the security performance is improved, and carry out the pyrolysis to medical discarded object through the pyrolysis oven, it fires burning furnace and carries out direct combustion to medical discarded object to have changed to adopt in the tradition, be favorable to thoroughly clearing heat to medical discarded object, the fuel oil and the carbon black that produce in-process that carry out the pyrolysis to medical discarded object simultaneously, be favorable to medical discarded object's cyclic utilization.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a harmless oil refining processing technology for medical wastes comprises the following steps: step one, waste transportation; step two, temporarily storing waste; step three, feeding waste; step four, ash is discharged; step five, cooling the flue gas; step six, purifying the flue gas;

in the first step, the collected medical wastes are uniformly placed in a turnover box, the box body of the turnover box is formed by injecting polyethylene, the box cover of the turnover box is formed by injecting a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, the box body and the box cover of the turnover box are provided with sealing grooves, the surfaces are smooth and flat, no crack is caused, no obvious dent is caused, no burrs are generated at the edges and the end hands, the box bottom and the top are provided with matching tooth grooves, the specification of the turnover box is 600mm x 500mm x 800mm, and then the medical wastes placed in the turnover box are transported by land transportation;

in the second step, the turnover boxes transported in the first step are uniformly placed in a waste temporary storage, and then the medical wastes in the turnover boxes are added into a pyrolysis furnace one by oneThe pyrolysis treatment is carried out, material macromolecules in the medical waste are firstly subjected to thermal decomposition at the temperature of 200-700 ℃ to become volatile micromolecule products and pyrolytic coke, fuel oil and carbon black are produced through cooling and condensation, uncondensable fuel gas enters a high-temperature chamber to be combusted to provide a heat source for pyrolysis, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 700-900 ℃, the residence time of flue gas is 2-5 s, and O in the flue gas₂The concentration is 6-10%, and the concentration of CO in the flue gas is 10-26 mg/m³The thermal ignition loss rate of the pyrolysis ash is 1-2.76%, the combustion efficiency is 99.93-100%, the pressure of the furnace bottom is-200 to-400 Pa, and the total flow of the flue gas is 3800-4100 m³The feed rate is 210-550 kg/h; if the pyrolysis treatment cannot be immediately carried out, the wastes are unloaded into a refrigerator for storage, the storage temperature of the refrigerator is-5-0 ℃, the floor and the wall of the refrigerator are subjected to waterproof treatment under 1.5m, a sewage collecting hole is formed in the floor of the refrigerator, a window is not arranged, the refrigerator adopts a micro-negative pressure design, odor enters the pyrolysis furnace through an exhaust pipeline, a combustion-supporting device in the pyrolysis furnace mainly comprises an oil tank, an oil pump and a burner, a filter is arranged between the oil pump and the burner, the fuel oil is pressurized by the burner oil pump and then sprayed into a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, and the fuel oil and primary air blown by a fan of the burner are mixed to complete the whole processes of ignition, combustion and burnout;

in the third step, a standard waste bag or a standard waste box is added into a feeding intermediate bin of the pyrolysis furnace, a bin door is closed, a feeding screw is opened, a heating valve is opened to raise the temperature of the intermediate bin, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and is kept for 5 minutes before the next feeding, and then the feeding is carried out again after cold air cooling;

in the fourth step, the incineration ash generated by pyrolyzing the wastes in the second step and the third step falls onto an ash discharge valve after intermittent action of a lower furnace grate of the high-temperature furnace, the ash discharge valve is periodically opened, the pyrolysis ash is discharged into a closed container and then buried, the material and the production process of the container are consistent with those of a turnover box, and the whole operation process is carried out under closed and negative pressure;

in the fifth step, the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace sequentially passes through a water cooler, an air cooler and a water spray quenching tower, the negative pressure of the flue gas passing through the water cooler, the air cooler and the water spray quenching tower is respectively 0-3 kPa, 0-4 kPa and 0-5 kPa, a sedimentation ash collecting chamber is arranged at the lower part of a secondary combustion chamber, ash cleaning ports are arranged on the water cooler and the air cooler, and the water used by the water cooler and the water spray quenching tower is softened by a cooling water pump, a water storage tank and a water cooling tower;

and in the sixth step, the flue gas cooled in the fifth step passes through a high-temperature bag filter, the operating temperature of the high-temperature bag filter is 160-200 ℃, the pressure difference is 1500-1600 Pa, and the back-flushing air pressure is 0.02-0.03 MPa, then the flue gas passes through a desulfurizing tower and then is discharged into the atmospheric environment through a wet electric precipitator through a chimney with the height of 25m, an absorption liquid circulating device used in the desulfurizing tower consists of an alkali preparation tank, an alkali supply pump, an alkali liquor circulating pump, an alkali discharge pump, an alkali liquor cooling tower and the like, the pipeline materials used by the absorption liquid circulating device are all ABS pipeline materials, the alkali supply pump, the alkali liquor circulating pump and the alkali discharge pump all adopt FS102 type engineering plastic centrifugal pumps, the internal water temperature of the alkali preparation tank is 30-35 ℃, and the concentration of used NaOH is 5-10%.

Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the transfer box is used for transferring the medical waste, so that the medical waste is in a closed environment, the environment pollution caused by bacterial overflow is avoided, the risk of bacterial infection is reduced, the safety performance is improved, the pyrolysis furnace is used for pyrolyzing the medical waste, the traditional mode that a combustion furnace is used for directly combusting the medical waste is changed, the secondary pollution caused by residues in the process of combusting the medical waste is avoided, and meanwhile, the fuel oil and the carbon black generated in the process of pyrolyzing the medical waste are beneficial to recycling the medical waste.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.