阅读说明：本技术 一种码盘、编码器及组装方法 (Code disc, encoder and assembling method ) 是由 班允时 刘林 王树秋 韩靖莉 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种码盘、编码器及组装方法,在组装编码器时,电路板通过第二通孔套设在主轴上,且使光发射器与光接收器之间的间隙走向与主轴相平行,然后码盘通过第一通孔套设在主轴上,并沿所述主轴向下移动,以使码盘片的光栅部伸入至间隙内,直至所述光发射器的光学中心、光接收器的光学中心及所述光栅部的中心在同一条直线上为止,这样通过主轴使码盘片的光栅部在伸入间隙的过程中,只会在主轴的轴向方向发生相对运动,不会在主轴的径向方向发生运动,从而避免码盘片与光发射器和光接收器发生触碰而造成损坏,提高了码盘片的寿命,并且便于调整光栅部的中心与光发射器的光学中心和光接收器的光学中心的相对位置,提高安装效率和精度。(The invention discloses a code disc, an encoder and an assembling method, when the encoder is assembled, a circuit board is sleeved on a main shaft through a second through hole, the direction of a gap between a light emitter and a light receiver is parallel to the main shaft, then the code disc is sleeved on the main shaft through a first through hole and moves downwards along the main shaft so that a grating part of a code disc sheet extends into the gap until the optical center of the light emitter, the optical center of the light receiver and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line, so that the grating part of the code disc sheet only moves relatively in the axial direction of the main shaft and does not move in the radial direction of the main shaft in the process of extending into the gap through the main shaft, the code disc sheet is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the code disc sheet touches the light emitter and the light receiver, the service life of the code disc sheet is prolonged, and the relative positions of the center of the grating part, the optical center of the light emitter and the optical center of, the mounting efficiency and precision are improved.)

1. The code disc is characterized by comprising a code disc sheet (2) and a bracket (1) connected with the code disc sheet (2), wherein the code disc sheet (2) and the bracket (1) are coaxially arranged, and first through holes are formed in the middle parts of the code disc sheet (2) and the bracket (1);

the code disc (2) comprises a disc (21), the edge of the disc (21) is bent along a first direction to form a bent part (22), wherein the first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the disc (21);

and a grating part is arranged on the bending part (22).

2. The code wheel of claim 1, characterized in that the grating portions are holes (221) arranged evenly and at intervals.

3. A codewheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the codewheel plate (2) is made of black resin.

4. The code wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the grating portion is a concavo-convex structure that is concavo-convex in a second direction, the concavities (223) and the convexities (222) of the concavo-convex structure being alternately arranged, the second direction being a direction parallel to a radial direction of the disk (21);

the cross sections of the concave part (223) and the convex part (222) of the concave-convex structure are both trapezoidal, the width of the inclined edge of each trapezoid is the same as that of the top edge of each trapezoid, the included angle between the inclined edge of each trapezoid and the top edge of each trapezoid is 45 degrees, the inclined plane where the inclined edge is located is a reflecting surface, and the plane where the top edge is located is a light transmitting surface.

5. A codewheel according to claim 4, characterized in that the codewheel plate (2) is made of white transparent resin.

6. Code wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the code plate (2) is formed integrally with the carrier (1).

7. The code wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket (1) is an aluminum bracket.

8. An encoder, characterized in that it comprises photo detection means (3) and a code disc according to any of claims 1-7;

the photoelectric detection device (3) comprises a spindle (5), a circuit board (4), a light emitter (32) and a light receiver (31);

the light emitter (32) and the light receiver (31) are both mounted on the circuit board (4), the light emitter (32) and the light receiver (31) are arranged oppositely, a gap is arranged between the light emitter (32) and the light receiver (31), a second through hole is formed in the circuit board (4), the circuit board (4) is sleeved on the spindle (5) through the second through hole, and the direction of the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle (5);

the coded disc is sleeved on the main shaft (5) through the first through hole, the grating part extends into the gap, and the optical center of the light emitter (32), the optical center of the light receiver (31) and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

9. A method of assembling an encoder, for assembling the encoder of claim 8, comprising:

sleeving a circuit board (4) on the main shaft (5) through a second through hole, wherein the direction of a gap between a light emitter (32) and a light receiver (31) arranged on the circuit board (4) is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft (5);

and sleeving the code disc on the main shaft (5) through the first through hole, and moving the code disc downwards along the main shaft (5) so as to enable the grating part of the code disc plate (2) to extend into the gap until the optical center of the optical transmitter (32), the optical center of the optical receiver (31) and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of encoders, in particular to a coded disc, an encoder and an assembling method.

Background

With the progress of science and technology, the encoder technology is widely applied to the control field of motor rotating speed measurement and the like. In the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, an incremental optical encoder mainly includes a photoelectric detection device and an encoding disk, wherein the photoelectric detection device 3 includes a light emitter 31, a light receiver 32 disposed opposite to the light emitter 31, and a circuit board 4; the code disc comprises a bracket 1 for bearing a code disc sheet 2 and a code disc sheet 2 with alternate bright and dark stripes carved on a circular plate with a certain diameter. The working principle is that under the condition that the photoelectric coded disc is coaxial with the motor, the coded disc and the motor rotate at the same speed, the light and shade stripes of the coded disc 2 penetrate or shield parallel light emitted by the light emitter to generate a periodically-changed electric signal, then the periodically-changed electric signal is converted into a plurality of pulse signals, and the current rotating speed of the motor can be reflected by calculating the number of output pulses per second.

When the existing incremental optical encoder is installed, the height of the code disc sheet 2 needs to be firstly positioned, then the circuit board 4 welded with the photoelectric detection device 3 needs to be horizontally pushed in, and then the horizontal position of the photoelectric detection device 3 is adjusted, so that the optical centers of the light receiver 31 and the light emitter 32 and the centers of the light and dark alternate stripes on the code disc are on the same straight line, but because the gap between the light emitter 31 and the light receiver 32 is small, the code disc sheet 2 is easy to touch the light emitter 31 and the light receiver 32, the code disc sheet 2 is easy to damage, and the service life of the code disc sheet 2 is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a code disc, an encoder and an assembling method, and aims to solve the problems that when an existing incremental optical encoder is installed, due to the fact that a gap between a light emitter and a light receiver is small, a code disc is easy to touch the light emitter and the light receiver, the code disc is easy to damage, and the service life of the code disc is shortened.

According to a first aspect, the coded disc comprises a coded disc sheet and a bracket connected with the coded disc sheet, wherein the coded disc sheet and the bracket are coaxially arranged, and first through holes are formed in the middle parts of the coded disc sheet and the bracket;

the coded disc comprises a disc, the edge of the disc is bent along a first direction to form a bent part, wherein the first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the disc;

and the bending part is provided with a grating part.

Specifically, the grating part is the trompil of evenly and interval arrangement.

Specifically, the code disc is made of black resin.

Specifically, the grating part is a concave-convex structure which is concave-convex along a second direction, concave parts and convex parts of the concave-convex structure are alternately arranged, and the second direction is a direction parallel to the radial direction of the disc;

the concave and convex parts of the concave-convex structure are both trapezoidal in cross section, the width of the inclined edge of the trapezoid is the same as that of the top edge of the trapezoid, the included angle between the inclined edge of the trapezoid and the top edge of the trapezoid is 45 degrees, the inclined plane where the inclined edge is located is a reflecting surface, and the plane where the top edge is located is a light transmitting surface.

Specifically, the code disc is made of white transparent resin.

Specifically, the code disc is integrally formed with the bracket.

Specifically, the code disc is made of black resin, and the bracket is an aluminum support.

In a second aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an encoder including a photodetection device and the above-mentioned code wheel;

the photoelectric detection device comprises a main shaft, a circuit board, a light emitter and a light receiver;

the light emitter and the light receiver are both arranged on the circuit board, the light emitter and the light receiver are arranged oppositely, a gap is arranged between the light emitter and the light receiver, a second through hole is formed in the circuit board, the circuit board is sleeved on the spindle through the second through hole, and the direction of the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle;

the coded disc is sleeved on the main shaft through the first through hole, the grating part extends into the gap, and the optical center of the light emitter, the optical center of the light receiver and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

In a third aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an encoder assembling method for assembling the encoder, including:

sleeving a circuit board on the main shaft through a second through hole, wherein the direction of a gap between a light emitter and a light receiver arranged on the circuit board is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft;

and sleeving the code disc on the main shaft through the first through hole, and moving the code disc downwards along the main shaft so as to enable the grating part of the code disc to extend into the gap until the optical center of the optical transmitter, the optical center of the optical receiver and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

The invention provides a code disc, an encoder and an assembling method, when the encoder is assembled, a circuit board is sleeved on a main shaft through a second through hole, the direction of a gap between a light emitter and a light receiver is parallel to the main shaft, then the code disc is sleeved on the main shaft through a first through hole and moves downwards along the main shaft so that a grating part of the code disc extends into the gap until the optical center of the light emitter, the optical center of the light receiver and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line, so that the grating part of the code disc only moves relatively in the axial direction of the main shaft and does not move in the radial direction of the main shaft in the process of extending into the gap through the main shaft, the condition that the code disc is damaged due to the fact that the code disc touches the light emitter and the light receiver is avoided, the service life of the code disc is prolonged, and the relative positions of the center of the grating part, the optical center of the optical transmitter and the optical center of the optical receiver are convenient to adjust, and the mounting efficiency and the mounting precision are improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art incremental encoder;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a code wheel provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an encoder according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a grating portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a grating portion according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of fig. 5.

The device comprises a support 1, a 2-code disc, a 21-disc, a 22-bent part, a 221-hole, a 222-convex part, a 223-concave part, a 3-photoelectric detection device, a 31-optical receiver, a 32-optical transmitter, a 4-circuit board and a 5-spindle.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In a first aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a code wheel is provided, which includes a bracket 1, to which a code wheel sheet 2 is connected, the code wheel sheet 2 and the bracket 1 are coaxially arranged, and the code wheel sheet 2 and the bracket 1 are both provided with a first through hole in the middle; the code disc 2 comprises a disc 21, the edge of the disc 21 is bent along a first direction to form a bent part 22, wherein the first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the disc 21; the bending portion 22 is provided with a grating portion.

The code wheel provided by the embodiment is applied to the encoder shown in fig. 3, and the encoder further comprises a photoelectric detection device 3, wherein the photoelectric detection device 3 comprises a spindle 5, a circuit board 4, a light emitter 32 and a light receiver 31; the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are both mounted on the circuit board 4, the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are arranged oppositely, a gap is arranged between the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31, a second through hole is formed in the circuit board 4, the circuit board 4 is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the second through hole, and the direction of the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle 5; the coded disc is sleeved on the main shaft 5 through the first through hole, the grating part extends into the gap, and the optical center of the light emitter 32, the optical center of the light receiver 31 and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

When the encoder is assembled, the circuit board 4 is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the second through hole, the direction of the gap between the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 is parallel to the spindle 5, then the code wheel is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the first through hole and moves downwards along the spindle 5, so that the grating part of the code wheel 2 extends into the gap until the optical center of the light emitter 32, the optical center of the light receiver 31 and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line, thus, in the process that the grating part of the code wheel 2 extends into the gap through the spindle 5, only the relative movement is generated in the axial direction of the spindle 5, and the movement is not generated in the radial direction of the spindle 5, so that the condition that the code wheel 2 is damaged due to the fact that the code wheel 2 is touched with the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 is avoided, the service life of the code wheel 2 is prolonged, and the relative movement of the center of the grating part, the optical center of the light emitter 32 and the optical center of the light receiver And the position improves the mounting efficiency and precision.

In the above embodiment, the code wheel piece 2 is integrally formed with the bracket 1, so that the coaxiality between the code wheel piece 2 and the bracket 1 does not need to be adjusted again, and the code wheel is convenient to mount. The bracket 1 is an aluminum bracket, which has the advantages of light weight and high strength.

In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the grating portion is the openings 221 uniformly and at intervals.

The opening 221 may be a square hole, and of course, the opening 221 may also be other shapes, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment. The code disc 2 is made of black resin.

When the encoder is used, the code wheel rotates along with the detection shaft of the motor. When the parallel light emitted by the light emitter 32 passes through the opening 221, the light receiver 31 receives the light signal and outputs a high level, and when the parallel light emitted by the light emitter 32 irradiates the non-opening, the light is blocked, and the light receiver 31 does not receive the light signal and outputs a low level, thereby realizing the function of the code disc.

In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the grating portion has a concave-convex structure concave-convex along a second direction, the concave portions 223 and the convex portions 222 of the concave-convex structure are alternately arranged, and the second direction is a direction parallel to the radial direction of the disk 21; the cross sections of the concave part 223 and the convex part 222 of the concave-convex structure are both trapezoidal, the width of the inclined edge of the trapezoid is the same as that of the top edge of the trapezoid, the included angle between the inclined edge of the trapezoid and the top edge of the trapezoid is 45 degrees, the inclined plane where the inclined edge is located is a reflecting surface, and the plane where the top edge is located is a light transmitting surface. Wherein, the code disc 2 is made of white transparent resin.

As shown in FIG. 6, the oblique sides of the trapezoid are sides A and C, the top side of the trapezoid is side B, the included angle between side A and side B is 45 °, and the included angle between side C and side B is also 45 °. The light emitter 32 emits parallel light in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the side B, and when the parallel light is irradiated on the inclined plane of the side C, according to the light reflection principle, the inclined plane of the side C reflects the parallel light and then irradiates the inclined plane of the side a, and then the inclined plane of the side a reflects the light for the second time, and further emits the light parallel to the incident light. Similarly, when the parallel light irradiates the inclined plane where the side a is located, according to the principle of light reflection, the inclined plane where the side a is located reflects the parallel light and then irradiates the inclined plane where the side C is located, and the inclined plane where the side C is located reflects the light for a second time, and then emits the light parallel to the incident light, so that the parallel light emitted by the light emitter 32 can be shielded by the inclined planes where the side a and the side C are located, and an opaque region is formed. Therefore, when the parallel light is irradiated on the inclined plane where the side a and the side C are located, the light receiver 31 does not receive the light, thereby outputting a low level; when the light irradiates the plane where the side B is located, the light directly penetrates the plane and is received by the light receiver 31 because the thickness of the plane where the side B is located is very thin, thereby outputting the light level. And because the width d of A limit, B limit and C limit is the same to guarantee that the area of printing opacity region is the same with light tight region, and then guaranteed that printing opacity region and light tight region's even interval arrange, thereby guarantee the homogeneity of high-low level output.

The grating part in the embodiment does not need to be etched and perforated with the holes 221, and only needs to be prepared by one-step molding with a mold, so that the requirement on the preparation process is reduced, the problem that the firmness of a code disc is reduced due to the excessive number of the holes 221 is avoided, the problem that the deformation of the code disc 2 is caused by long-time use, the signal output uniformity is reduced is solved, and the precision and the stability of the grating part are improved.

According to a second aspect, as shown in fig. 3, there is provided an encoder, including a photodetection device 3 and the above-mentioned code wheel; the photoelectric detection device 3 comprises a spindle 5, a circuit board 4, a light emitter 32 and a light receiver 31; the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are both mounted on the circuit board 4, the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are arranged oppositely, a gap is arranged between the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31, a second through hole is formed in the circuit board 4, the circuit board 4 is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the second through hole, and the direction of the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle 5; the coded disc is sleeved on the main shaft 5 through the first through hole, the grating part extends into the gap, and the optical center of the light emitter 32, the optical center of the light receiver 31 and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

It should be noted that the code wheel in the present embodiment may adopt the code wheel in the above embodiment, and specific implementation and working principle of the code wheel may refer to corresponding contents in the above embodiment, which is not described herein again.

In this embodiment, when the encoder is assembled, the circuit board 4 is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the second through hole, and the gap between the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 is parallel to the spindle 5, then the code wheel is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the first through hole and moves downward along the spindle 5, so that the grating portion of the code wheel 2 extends into the gap until the optical center of the light emitter 32, the optical center of the light receiver 31 and the center of the grating portion are on the same straight line, so that the grating portion of the code wheel 2 extends into the gap through the spindle 5, only relative movement occurs in the axial direction of the spindle 5, and no movement occurs in the radial direction of the spindle 5, thereby preventing the code wheel 2 from being damaged by the contact between the code wheel 2 and the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31, and prolonging the service life of the code wheel 2, and the relative positions of the center of the grating part and the optical centers of the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are convenient to adjust, and the mounting efficiency and precision are improved.

In a third aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an encoder assembling method for assembling the encoder, including:

the method comprises the following steps: the circuit board 4 is sleeved on the spindle 5 through the second through hole, and the direction of the gap between the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 mounted on the circuit board 4 is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle 5.

Step two: the coded disc is sleeved on the main shaft 5 through the first through hole and moves downwards along the main shaft 5, so that the grating part of the coded disc 2 extends into the gap until the optical center of the optical transmitter 32, the optical center of the optical receiver 31 and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line.

The invention provides an assembly method of an encoder, when the encoder is assembled, a circuit board 4 is sleeved on a main shaft 5 through a second through hole, the trend of a gap between a light emitter 32 and a light receiver 31 is parallel to the main shaft 5, then a code wheel is sleeved on the main shaft 5 through a first through hole and moves downwards along the main shaft 5, so that a grating part of a code disc 2 extends into the gap until the optical center of the light emitter 32, the optical center of the light receiver 31 and the center of the grating part are on the same straight line, therefore, the grating part of the code disc 2 only moves relatively in the axial direction of the main shaft 5 and does not move in the radial direction of the main shaft 5 in the process of extending into the gap through the main shaft 5, the condition that the code disc 2 is damaged due to the fact that the code disc 2 touches the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 is avoided, the service life of the code disc 2 is prolonged, and the relative positions of the center of the grating part and the optical centers of the light emitter 32 and the light receiver 31 are convenient to adjust, and the mounting efficiency and precision are improved.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.