阅读说明：本技术 一种利用剩饭菜发酵高营养动物饲料的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-nutrition animal feed fermented by leftovers ) 是由 杨得富 于 2020-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的是一种利用剩饭菜发酵高营养动物饲料的制备方法,具体是针对人类餐饮食物浪费问题,通过现代生物集成技术,将剩饭菜转变为高营养的动物饲料,提高其利用率,减少资源浪费,净化环境,降低社会成本,促进社会和谐发展。本发明方法制备的高营养动物饲料,含有大量的蛋白质、糖、脂肪、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等各种营养,经过益生菌发酵后会产生多种有机酸和酶类,同时可为动物补充肠道益生菌,维护动物机体胃肠道菌群平衡,具有其他普通原料不具备的优势。本发明原料来源广泛,容易获得,制作成本较低,制作简单、操作性强、适合于规模化生产,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。(The invention provides a preparation method of a high-nutrition animal feed by utilizing leftover fermentation, which particularly aims at the problem of food waste of human catering. The high-nutrition animal feed prepared by the method contains a large amount of various nutrients such as protein, sugar, fat, amino acid, vitamins, trace elements and the like, can generate a plurality of organic acids and enzymes after probiotic fermentation, can supplement intestinal probiotics for animals, maintains the balance of the flora in the gastrointestinal tract of animal organisms, and has the advantages which are not possessed by other common raw materials. The invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, easy obtainment, lower manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing, strong operability, suitability for large-scale production and good economic and social benefits.)

1. A preparation method of a high-nutrition animal feed fermented by leftovers is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) and (3) dehydrating: collecting leftovers from restaurants or canteens, and pouring the leftovers into a high-speed centrifugal dehydrator for dehydration to form meal residues with the water content of 20-60%;

(2) packaging: the dehydrated leftovers and residues are immediately packed by an automatic packing machine equipped in a restaurant and are uniformly recovered by an animal feed manufacturer;

(3) and (3) sterilization: crushing the recovered meal residues by using a crusher under pressure, and carrying out autoclaving at the temperature of 115-121 ℃ for 25-30 min to obtain a raw material to be subjected to enzymolysis;

(4) enzymolysis: putting the raw materials obtained in the step (3) into a reaction kettle, adding tap water with the volume of 2-3 times, adding amylase and pepsin, wherein the adding amount of the amylase is 50-300U/kg based on the weight of the raw materials, the adding amount of the pepsin is 500U/kg based on the weight of the raw materials, stirring and mixing uniformly, and digesting and hydrolyzing for 8-15 h at the pH value of 3.0-7.0 and the temperature of 30-45 ℃ to obtain an enzyme hydrolyzed material;

(5) preparing materials: accurately weighing auxiliary materials such as alfalfa, bran, bean pulp and the like according to the proportion, adding the auxiliary materials into the enzymatic hydrolysis material obtained in the step (4), stirring and mixing uniformly, then putting into a solid fermentation tank, and fermenting;

(6) fermentation: adding probiotic fermentation liquor accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the added raw materials into the fermentation tank, uniformly stirring, and setting the fermentation temperature to be 30-40 ℃; continuously fermenting for 3-7 d;

(7) and (3) drying: after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermentation product at the temperature of less than 55 ℃ to obtain the high-nutrition animal feed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the probiotic fermentation broth comprises two or more of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus, clostridium butyricum, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus coagulans, and aspergillus niger.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-nutrition animal feed by fermenting leftovers.

Background

People eat food as the day, and as a large food country, the food culture of the far-reaching prosperity is proud of Chinese. However, in the highly developed catering industry, the problem of food waste is more and more prominent. The data shows that the average food waste rate of Chinese catering industry is 11.7%. Tens of thousands of tons of food are discarded from the table each day. Chinese consumers only eat food protein and fat which are wasted by eating every year, the food protein and fat respectively reach 800 ten thousand tons and 300 ten thousand tons, and the leftovers which are randomly poured out are leftovers, and at least about 2 hundred million people of one year's food is poured out.

In 2013, a 'CD action' mat which can save and object to spread waste is advocated to roll the whole country, a new table air is lifted, and the concept and consciousness that people are cherishing grains and object to waste are aroused. However, although a notice board that people love food and perform compact disc actions can be placed in a plurality of restaurants over time, the action cannot avoid that the eyes of the eaters are big and the eyes of the eaters are small, and most restaurant waiters cannot interfere with the wasting action of the eaters; in canteens of institutions and schools, food which cannot be eaten up begins to be poured out in vain; the people on the net shine their own compact discs again, and the waste on the tongue tip can not be effectively restrained. This means that bad habits are not developed in one day, and the transition is not possible with a kick, nor is it possible for the "compact disc" to be used once and for all. Obviously, the method needs multi-party resultant force, and takes new measures against new situations and new problems which continuously appear.

The leftovers include noodles, rice, fruits, vegetables, various meats and the like, and the leftovers contain a large amount of sugars, proteins, fats and various nutrients, are easy to decay and deteriorate, generate stink, have large cleaning workload and high cleaning cost. The food poured out every day not only causes serious resource waste, but also causes the environmental pollution to be aggravated continuously. Leftover food stacked in restaurants and garbage dumps becomes a breeding place for germs, mosquitoes, flies and pests, which not only pollutes the environment, but also increases the epidemic risk of epidemic diseases. The current pollution control methods of municipal solid waste include sanitary landfill, incineration, thermal cracking, composting and the like. However, some of the methods occupy a large amount of land, some have high treatment cost and low resource utilization rate, and secondary pollution generally exists. At present, patents for preparing animal feed by utilizing kitchen waste are also provided, but the common processes for preparing the feed in the patents comprise kitchen waste dehydration, inoculation of high-temperature-resistant yeast for fermentation, drying and crushing; the problems of kitchen waste accumulation, collection and transportation pollution exist, the operability is not strong in actual treatment, the fermentation strain is single, the raw material fermentation is not thorough, and the resource utilization rate is low.

Therefore, a scientific way which can change the leftover into valuable, improve the utilization rate of the leftover, reduce the waste of resources and purify the environment is very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to find a method for changing the leftover into valuable, and particularly, the leftover is changed into high-nutrition animal feed by a modern biological integration technology, so that the utilization rate is improved, the resource waste is reduced, the environment is purified, the social cost is reduced, and the harmonious development of the society is promoted.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a high-nutrition animal feed fermented by leftovers comprises the following steps:

and (3) dehydrating: collecting leftovers from restaurants or canteens, and pouring the leftovers into a high-speed centrifugal dehydrator for dehydration to form meal residues with the water content of 20-60%;

(2) packaging: the dehydrated leftovers and residues are immediately packed by an automatic packing machine equipped in a restaurant and are uniformly recovered by an animal feed manufacturer;

(3) and (3) sterilization: crushing the recovered meal residues by using a crusher under pressure, and carrying out autoclaving at the temperature of 115-121 ℃ for 25-30 min to obtain a raw material to be subjected to enzymolysis;

(4) enzymolysis: putting the raw materials obtained in the step (3) into a reaction kettle, adding tap water with the volume of 2-3 times, adding amylase and pepsin, wherein the adding amount of the amylase is 50-300U/kg based on the weight of the raw materials, the adding amount of the pepsin is 500U/kg based on the weight of the raw materials, stirring and mixing uniformly, and digesting and hydrolyzing for 8-15 h at the pH value of 3.0-7.0 and the temperature of 30-45 ℃ to obtain an enzyme hydrolyzed material;

(5) preparing materials: accurately weighing auxiliary materials such as alfalfa, bran, bean pulp and the like according to the proportion, adding the auxiliary materials into the enzymatic hydrolysis material obtained in the step (4), stirring and mixing uniformly, then putting into a solid fermentation tank, and fermenting;

(6) fermentation: adding probiotic fermentation liquor accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the added raw materials into the fermentation tank, uniformly stirring, and setting the fermentation temperature to be 30-40 ℃; continuously fermenting for 3-7 d;

(7) and (3) drying: after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermentation product at the temperature of less than 55 ℃ to obtain the high-nutrition animal feed.

The probiotic fermentation liquor contains two or more probiotics of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus, clostridium butyricum, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus coagulans or aspergillus niger.

In the step (2), the dehydrated leftovers are immediately packed by an automatic packing machine equipped in a restaurant, so that the leftovers are prevented from being exposed in the air for a long time, the breeding of germs and mosquito and fly pests is reduced, the sanitary environment of the restaurant can be well maintained, the leftovers are conveniently loaded and transported by animal feed manufacturers in a unified recycling manner, and the pollution to the environment in the transportation process is reduced.

According to the invention, the animal digestive system is simulated in the step (4), the leftover is subjected to enzymolysis by adding amylase and pepsin, the leftover is converted into raw materials such as glucose, polypeptide and amino acid which can be utilized by probiotics more quickly, the reproduction rate of the probiotics in the fermentation process can be improved, the fermentation time is shortened, the fermentation is more thorough, and the absorption rate of the product is improved.

In the step (5), the auxiliary materials such as alfalfa, bran, bean pulp and the like are added into the enzymatic hydrolysate, so that the consistency of the raw materials is increased, and the next step of solid fermentation is conveniently carried out; meanwhile, in specific operation, different auxiliary materials can be added into the feed manufacturer according to the requirements of customers for fermentation, so that the richness of the product is increased.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) through modern biological integration technologies such as high-temperature sterilization, enzymolysis, fermentation and the like, the leftover is converted into high-nutrition animal feed, the resource waste is reduced, the environment is purified, the social cost is reduced, and the promotion effect on the harmonious development of the society is achieved.

(2) The high-nutrition animal feed prepared by the method has the advantages that the raw materials come from human diet, contain a large amount of various nutrients such as protein, sugar, fat, amino acid, vitamins, trace elements and the like, are subjected to enzymolysis and digestion, and are fermented by probiotics to generate various organic acids and enzymes, and meanwhile, the high-nutrition animal feed can supplement various intestinal probiotics for animals, maintains the balance of gastrointestinal flora of animal organisms, is high in absorption and utilization rate, and has the advantages which are not possessed by other common raw materials.

(3) The product prepared by the method of the invention is fermented by various probiotics to generate various organic acids and enzymes, has unique fermentation aroma and rich nutrition, can improve the appetite and the food intake of animals, has high absorption and utilization rate, can enhance the immunity of female animals, reduce the morbidity and promote the growth and development of the organisms of cultured animals.

(4) The method has the advantages that the leftover is immediately packed after being dehydrated in the production process, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the prepared feed is a pure natural green product, no drug residue is left after the feed is used, the realization of antibiotic-free breeding is promoted, and green and safe animal products are provided for the nation.

(5) The invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, easy obtainment, lower manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing, strong operability, suitability for large-scale production and good economic and social benefits.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.